doc.: ieee 802.15-09-0257-01-004f submission april 2009 mike mcinnis - the boeing company ieee...

April 2009

Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company

doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Overviewof Broad Global Industry Support

For GS1 EPCglobal Hardware Action Group Active Tagging (HAT)

Mike McInnisThe Boeing Company

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

802.15.4 Standard Task Groups• 802.15.4 defines 1 MAC + 3 PHYs

– (2.4 GHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, U.S., Europe, Australia)

• 802.15.4a defines 2 alternate PHYs– (2.4 GHz band Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) and UWB)

• 802.15.4c defines 1 alternate PHY for China– (http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4c.html)– (2.4 GHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, UWB, and China 779-787 MHz band)

• 802.15.4d defines 1 alternate PHY for Japan– (http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4d.html)– (2.4 GHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and Japan 950-956 MHz band)

• 802.15.4e will define MAC Enhancements to 802.15.4 in support of ISA SP100.11a– (http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4e.html)

• 802.15.4f will define ‘n’ new PHY(s?) for Active RFID Systems– (http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4f.html)– ( UWB, 2.4 GHz, and 433 MHz bands?)

• 802.15.4g will define ‘n’ new PHY(s?) for Smart Neighborhood Networks– Energy Industry Smart Grid Applications– (http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4g.html)– (902-928 MHz band?)

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

• ‘IEEE 802.15.4’ and receive about 455,000 hits.

• ‘EPCglobal’ and receive about 598,000 hits.

• ‘ZigBee’ and receive about 2,440,000 hits.

Google

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Asset Tracking

WSNs provide sensor and location information about valuable assets . Example applications include container/vehicle tracking and monitoring, personnel identification, etc.

http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Advanced Metering

WSNs are used to automatically collect indications from metering devices (water, gas, electricity, etc.) without need for human participation


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Building/Home Automation

WSNs in residential homes as well as in large commercial buildings are used to continuously monitor and control such physical conditions as temperature, humidity, light, smoke, etc.


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15 Industrial Automation

WSNs improve manufacturing- and process-control via continuous monitoring of industrial machinery and equipment.


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack

IEEE 802.15.4 standard specifies only the lowest part of OSI communication model: PHY layer and MAC sub-layer. Medium Access Control sub-layer (MAC)MAC sub-layer is responsible for reliable communication between two devices over direct physical link (without intermediate nodes). The key functions of the MAC layer include: • Data framing and validation of received frames • Device addressing • Channel access management • Device association and disassociation • Sending acknowledgement frames

Physical layer (PHY) Physical layer provides means for bit stream transmission over the physical medium. The key responsibilities of PHY are: • Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver • Frequency channel tuning • Carrier sensing • Received signal strength estimation (RSSI & LQI) • Data coding and modulation • Error correction


Structure of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack

And others

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Application and Network Layers using IEEE 802.15.4• ZigBee

– http://www.zigbee.org/

• RF4CE (Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics)– http://www.zigbee.org/rFAQ/tabid/413/Default.aspx

• Simple MAC (SMAC), ZigBee (Beestack), and Synkro MAC from Freescale– http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?nodeId=02205025654CB14C2F

• ISA SP100.11a– http://www.isa.org/source/2008_02_ISASeminar_ISA100.11aStatus_Sexton_Kinney.pdf

• WirelessHART– http://www.hartcomm2.org/hart_protocol/wireless_hart/wireless_hart_main.html

• MiWi from Micro Semiconductors– http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=2113&param=en520414

• JenNet (Jenie)– http://www.jennic.com/files/product_briefs/JenNet_PB_20-11-2008_1v4_2.pdf

• One-Net– http://www.one-net.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=2&Itemid=3

• SNAP– http://www.synapse-wireless.com/

• PopNet– http://www.sanjuansw.com/?p=15

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Application and Network Layers not using IEEE 802.15.4

• EnOcean Alliance – http://www.enocean.com/

• Z-Wave– http://www.z-wavealliance.org/modules/start/

• DASH7 Alliance– http://www.dash7.org/

• Bluetooth SIG– https://www.bluetooth.org/apps/content/– However, Bluetooth was ‘standardized’ within IEEE 802.15 as IEEE 802.15.1 and 15.1a

• INSTEON– http://www.insteon.net/developers-about.html

• ANT stack utilizes chipsets from Nordic Semiconductor– http://www.thisisant.com/– http://www.thisisant.com/pages/products/chip-based-solutions

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7692

ZigBee Chipset Suppliers

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Chip Comparison - Transceivers

http://freaklabs.org/index.php/Articles/Zigbee/Zigbee-Chip-Comparison.html

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission http://freaklabs.org/index.php/Articles/Zigbee/Zigbee-Chip-Comparison.html

ZigBee Chip Comparison – Integrated MCU +Transceivers

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Freescale IEEE 802.15.4 Chipset Comparison

http://www.freescale.com/files/wireless_comm/doc/fact_sheet/ZIGBEEMCUPS.PDF?fsrch=1

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Freescale 802.15.4/ZigBee™Family Comparison

http://www.freescale.com/files/ftf_2008/presentations/India/NE105_ZigBeeMarketsCaseStudiesWhereFreescaleandZigBeeAreWinningandWhy.pdf?fsrch=1

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Location Determination and IEEE 802.15.4 (RSSI)

The Chipcon AS CC2431 System on Chip (SoC) IEEE 802.15.4 solution includes a licensed location detection hardware core from Motorola.

The core applies a proprietary algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation, using information from infrastructure nodes to perform a location estimation. Because the algorithm is executed in a hardware core, the process of location estimation completes in less than 1/10000 second, consumes very little power and keeps the CC2431's integrated microcontroller free to perform other operations. Applications already in large scale field tests are demonstrating results better than 2 meters indoor.

http://www10.edacafe.com/nbc/articles/view_article.php?section=ICNews&articleid=225689

The Awarepoint Real-time Awareness Solution employs a standards-based wireless network to

track people and equipment. This network is built on the 802.15.4 IEEE standard, designed specifically for wireless Sensor networks.

http://www.awarepoint.com/tech_independent.html

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Location Determination and IEEE 802.15.4a

• IEEE 802.15.4a Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) in 2.4 GHz band

– ISO 24730-5 • http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/

catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46534 – http://www.nanotron.com/EN/index.php

• IEEE 802.15.4a UWB band– ISO 24730-X in work within ISO– http://www.decawave.com/

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Chipset Shipments-2008

http://www.eeherald.com/section/news/nw10000451.html

19 Feb 09

Freescale shipped 7 million units of ZigBee and IEEE802.15.4 chipsets in year 2008 to take number one ranking in this market. With this, Freescale garners a market share of 60% in IEEE802.15.4-based ICs.

Since energy management is a global agenda, Zigbee and other IEEE802.15.4 devices have a bigger role to play in wireless energy meter and other household metering solutions. By year 2011, it can be estimated; the IEEE802.15.4 based chipset market demand might reach greater than 100 million units. Peak consumption of these devices may start in 2010 and continue up to 2015. In about 4/5 years of timeframe from 2009, there is a market demand for about 1 billion unit shipments.

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Atmel Corporation ‘China’ IEEE 802.15.4c Chipset 02/26/2009

Atmel Corporation has announced the first IEEE P802.15.4c compliant RF transceiver, the AT86RF212, for the Chinese wireless market.

Customers can choose operation for Chinese WPAN band from 779 to 787 MHz, European SRD band from 863 to 870 MHz, and North American ISM band from 902 to 928 MHz.

Direct sequence spread spectrum techniques support different modulation and data rates: BPSK with 20 and 40 kbit/s, compliant to IEEE 802.15.4-2006, O-QPSK with 100 and 250 kbit/s, compliant to IEEE 802.15.4-2006, and O-QPSK with 250 kbit/s, compliant to IEEE P802.15.4c (Chinese band). There is also an option to select a set of proprietary high speed modes: O-QPSK with 200, 400, 500, and 1000 kbit/s PSDU data rate. All of the above bands and data rates are available in one chip!

With receiver sensitivity up to -110 dBm and a programmable transmit output power up to +10 dBm, AT86RF212 offers industry’s best link budget of 120 dB.

Sleep currents are down to 0.2 uA, while active power consumptions are 9 mA in receive and 18 mA in transmit mode (@ 5 dBm output power). Security is supported by on-chip AES hardware acceleration.

http://eetimes.eu/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=214600227

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Compliant Platforms

http://www.zigbee.org/Products/CertifiedProducts/CompliantPlatforms/tabid/269/Default.aspx

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Designed for ZigBee but not yet ZigBee certified

http://www.zigbee.org/Products/DesignedForZigBee/tabid/234/Default.aspx

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 and Shipping Containers– January 2009 The US Army is testing an ARINC and impeva Labs product called Asset Assure which

leverages a variety of RFID technologies including mesh networking and wireless sensors that can measure a variety of conditions including temperature, humidity, movement, shocks and intrusions (such as door opening on a container).

Wireless sensors communicate using a customized derivative of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

http://www.arinc.com/downloads/product_collateral/supplychaintracking_eprint.pdf

http://www.impeva.com/index.php?m_id=4&PHPSESSID=77589fe62ec4516274287962e5792010

– ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

– US Navy Space and Warfare Command (SPAWAR) Pacific, Systems Engineering services is developing the requirements for DHS container and cargo security, the ACSD (Advanced Conveyance Security Device).

The system is built on commercial open standards (802.15.4). It will set the DHS standard for: identifying, tracking, monitoring, and for providing alerts for shipping containers and air cargo.

http://www.commtechsystems.com/index_files/Page1610.htm

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802 Standard documents

• Available for download at no cost;– http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/portfolio.html

• IEEE 802.15.4-2006 IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)

• IEEE 802.15.4a-2007 IEEE Standard for PART 15.4: Wireless MAC and PHY Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs): Amendment 1: Add Alternate PHY

• IEEE 802.11-2007 IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Specification documents

• Available at no cost for download from;– http://www.zigbee.org/Products/TechnicalDocumentsDownload/tabid/237/Default.aspx

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4 Network Management

Arch Rock PhyNet Server manages interconnected collections of IP-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using a common web services architecture and web browser interface.

http://www.archrock.com/products/phynet_server.phphttp://www.archrock.com/product/?gclid=COjp2aiM2JkCFShRagodam6hVw

Digi Connectware Manager uses a standard web browser, administrators can securely make configuration alterations to a device or groups of devices.

http://www.digi.com/pdf/prd_rwc_digiconnectware.pdf

GREENoperator is the complete system to manage ZigBee networks. http://www.atalum.com/greenoperator.html

Airbee-ZNMS™ is a Network Management System product designed for low-rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN).

http://www.airbeewireless.com/Prod_desc.aspx?FID=26&ProductId=6

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Analyzers

Peryton-M is a full-featured, multi-channel 802-15.4/ZigBee/6LoWPAN protocol and network analysis tool. It is the only analyzer on the market capable of capturing data from all 16 channels in the 2.4Ghz Simultaneously.

http://www.perytons.com/products_perytonM.html

WiSens® is a top-quality tool that allows for capture and analysis of real-time ZigBee™ / IEEE 802.15.4 over-the-air data packets.

http://www.bzworks.com/wisenssoftware.htm

Daintree's Sensor Network Analyzer (SNA) is well known as an expert tool for analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee as well as network protocols such as 6LoWPAN, SimpliciTI (from Texas Instruments) and Synkro (from Freescale Semiconductor), with the ability to easily add more protocols.

http://www.daintree.net/products/sna.php

WiPAN LVSA 2450 signal analysis solution is designed to capture, measure, and analyze IEEE 802.15.4 compliant signals in the 2450 MHz bands.

http://www.seasolve.com/zigbee-signal-analyzer.html

Frontline's real-time debugging, verification and network display analyzer, MeshDecoder, simplifies understanding 802.15.4 / ZigBee networks. MeshDecoder features the network activity display and the simultaneous capture; with decoding, display, filtering, and detection of errors-live and in real-time.

http://www.fte.com/products/MeshDecoder-01.asp

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Product Development Services

• Mindteck is a leading design service provider for various wireless protocols, including ZigBee & IEEE 802.15.4 protocols, RF4CE, 6LowPAN, WirelessHART, ISA 100.11a, Bluetooth, and WiFi and is a certified wireless design partner for leading semiconductor firms globally.

– USA– Europe– Middle East– Asia– India

http://www.mindteck.com/productEngg/wireless.htm

• LS Research designs reference designs and production-ready IEEE 802.15.4 radios, based on the Freescale, TI, and Ember chipsets including ZigBee application solutions and solutions for specific RF requirements such as dynamic channel management, power control, repeater or mesh.

http://www.lsr.com/technology/

• Indesign has established formal 3rd-party developer agreements with major semiconductor providers such as Ember, Freescale, Texas Instruments, and others.

http://www.indesign-llc.com/rf_design.asp

And many others..

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 General

Types of network devicesThere are two basic types of devices that can be present in an 802.15.4 network: RFD and FFD

RFD – Reduced Function DeviceAn RFD (also referred as an end-device) contains limited set of 802.15.4 features.The main characteristics of an RFD are;• It can communicate only to a single FFD in the network and not other RFDs • It requires little memory, processing and power resources for operation Usually such reduced networking functionality is sufficient for sensor and actuator nodes.

FFD – Full Function DeviceA device of FFD type contains the full set of IEEE 802.15.4 features and hence FFD iscapable to act as a network coordinator and as an end-device • Can communicate both to FFDs and RFDs requires extra memory and processing power, consumes more energy compared to RFD A network device must be FFD if it wants to act as network coordinator or if it requires data packet

forwarding capability


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Basic IEEE 802.15.4 Radio Characteristics

IEEE 802.15.4 has excellent performance in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio

(SNR) environments

http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=6704

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

2.4 GHz Frequency Band Channelization

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer

MAC layer defines mechanisms for direct (single hop) communication between two devices. Such single hop data exchange is possible only within transmission range of participating pair of nodes. Key MAC layer responsibilities are described below.

• Data framingCommunication on MAC layer is packet based. It means that data to be sent is encapsulated into a MAC frame that is passed to RF transceiver. A node shall accept only frames destined for it and upon their reception frames are checked on errors that could have occurred during transmission and corrected if possible.

• Device addressingEach device is identified by unique 64 bits long MAC layer address that is used by sender as destination for the packets sent on the MAC layer.

• Channel access management: CSMA-CACarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is well known “listen-before-send” principle for managing access to single physical channel among multiple devices. It ensures reliable communication and provides efficient usage of limited channel bandwidth.

• Device Association/DisassociationUpon higher layer requests MAC layer performs device association and disassociation (enters/leaves network).


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IEEE 802.15.4 Network TopologiesData transmission in an 802.15.4 network can be organized in two ways:star and peer-to-peer.

StarIn star model devices are interconnected in form of a star: • There is a central node (coordinator).• All the network nodes (FFDs and RFDs) communicate only to the

coordinator. • Data forwarding is possible only through coordinator (two-hop only) • Coverage area is limited by one-hop transmission range

Peer-to-peerIn peer-to-peer model an FFD can communicate to all other devices within

its range.RFD can talk only to an FFD it is currently associated with. Peer-to-peer model is characterized by following properties:• Data frames can be delivered via several intermediate nodes

(multi-hop transmission) • Large spatial areas can be covered by a single network • Packet routing algorithms are required

Star data transfer model

Peer-to-peer data transfer model


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Network Topologies- Includes a Cluster Tree Topology

ZigBee Coordinator

ZigBee Router

ZigBee End Device

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Mesh Networking


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Management

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Application

Initiate and join networkManage networkDetermine device relationshipsSend and receive messages

Physical Radio (PHY)Physical Radio (PHY)

Medium Access (MAC)Medium Access (MAC)

ApplicationApplication ZDO

NWKNWK

App Support (APS)App Support (APS)

SSPSSPSecurity functions

Network organizationRoute discoveryMessage relaying

Device bindingMessaging

Device managementDevice discoveryService discovery

ZigBee Stack Architecture


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Application Profiles

• Application profiles define what messages are sent over the air for a given application

• Devices with the same application profiles interoperate end to end• ZigBee publishes a set of public profiles, but vendors may create

manufacturer specific ones as well

Physical Radio (PHY)Physical Radio (PHY)

Medium Access (MAC)Medium Access (MAC)

ApplicationApplication ZDO

NWKNWK

App Support (APS)App Support (APS)

SSPSSP

Clusters

0: off1: on2: scene 13: scene 2

Clusters

0: fan off1: fan on2: temp set3: time set


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

ZigBee Multi-Profile Devices

• Vendor devices may implement multiple profiles

• Additional application profiles live on different endpoints within the device

• Allows creation of vendor specific extensions

PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)

MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)

APPAPP APPAPP …… ZDO

NWKNWK

APSAPSSSPSSP

Endpoint 2: Home Automation - thermostat

Endpoint 6: Vendor proprietary extensions


April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

IP-Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)• IP for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO)

– The IPSO Alliance was formed to promote the Internet Protocol as the network technology of choice for connecting Smart Objects around the world.

– IP opens the door to linking sensor and other simple networks directly to the Internet, eliminating the need for translation gateways.

– You can put IP in a sub-$2 device requiring as little as 4 Kbytes RAM and 32 Kbytes flash.– IP-based technologies for wireless sensor networking have been gaining attention over the past year, most notably

6LoWPAN," the Internet Engineering Task Force standard for running IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 nets – Most businesses deploy TCP/IP today and they see 6LowPAN as an easy extension to this architecture. – The IPSO alliance hopes to have an interoperability program in place in November. It initially aims to test interoperability

of the ten or more 6LoWPAN software stacks that have been released to date. – http://www.ipso-alliance.org– http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid

=0CNEE2EILSTSGQSNDLPCKHSCJUNN2JVN?articleID=210601750 – http://www.archrock.com/technology/resources/IPSO-WP-3-6LoWPAN.pdf– Archrock IP 802.15.4 products http://www.archrock.com/product/?gclid=COjp2aiM2JkCFShRagodam6hVw

• Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (roll) group Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) – IPv6 routing with high reliability while permitting low-power operation over IEEE 802.15.4 and others.– http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/roll-charter.html– http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml;?articleID=207601626

• IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6Lowpan) group Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) – The “Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks" standard (RFC4944) defines the format for the

adaptation netween IPv6 and IEEE 802.15.4.

– http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/6lowpan-charter.html

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

Auto-ID Labs presentation at GS1 Joint GSMP – Meeting 2009Tuesday March 24 3:00-5:30pm

http://www.autoidlabs.org/single-view/dir/article/1/324/page.html

“Our approach is to store sensor profile in servers on the Internet, and allow networked clientsto search or download relevant profile using an EPC of target sensor node. To identifysensor nodes we assign EPCs to sensor nodes. To find authorized sensor profile servers,called sensor profile server, we adopt resolution service by extending ONS that changes anEPC to authorized locations of EPCIS. Readers or other roles in EPCglobal Network who donot have prior capability information but want to access sensor networks and physical datacollected from them may use sensor profile services.”

Presentor: Daeyoung Kim

Note

April 2009


doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-01-004f

Submission

The End

Questions ?