Shelby Foster

English 425

Dr. Melissa Heidari

18 November 2013

Finding Jobs in My Field

Chapter One: Literary Review

While coming to the end of my senior year in college, I find myself analyzing my next

step in life. Typically after graduating, graduates either pursue furthering their education

or the hunt for a job. The job that is pursued normally depends on the degree of the

graduate. The more degrees or focuses that the graduates have, the better candidates they

are for jobs in their pursued field. While some people consider liberal arts degrees to be

less useful compared to other degrees, liberal arts degrees can be used in an extremely

effective manner. Columbia College in Columbia, SC was one of the first liberal arts schools

to offer Writing for Print and Digital Media (WPDM.) This major bridges writing with

different types of media in order to maximize the use of new and constantly improving

technology. While I am a WPDM major, I am also a Studio Art major. I believe these two

majors compliment each other. Some people think that choosing a major that focuses

specifically on a certain career path or focus is better than choosing a major that allows

students to take classes in multiple areas with a wide range of focuses. Some graduates get

stuck on the artistic projects they create instead of being able to focus on what the

employer or client wants. The WPDM and Studio Art tracks involve creating projects in

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order to please different clients or the goal the professor sets in place. WPDM and Studio

Art are two majors that will compliment each other in many career paths; the economy of

these career paths is stable, consistent, and growing across the country.

I am very positive that I could maximize the use of my degrees, but some people

have a more negative look on a liberal arts education. Nicholaos Jones, a philosophy

professor at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, talks about how a liberal arts degree is

useless unless you want to teach or make very little money. The money depends on the job

each student pursues. The art of communication and writing can play into the type of job

students get when they graduate. Dan Berrett, a writer for the Chronicle of Higher

Education, addresses that communication is a necessary key to being successful with a

range of employers. Though communication can be an acquired trait, artistic talent does

not come so easily for everyone. When focusing on certain liberal arts degrees, talent and

craftiness can be a necessity that not all people have. There are some degrees that require

artistic talent. But having a degree in those areas does not limit students’ successfulness.

Steven Brint, Mark Riddle, and Lori Turk-Bicakci talk about the differences between

“practical arts” and “occupational-professional” programs. They dive into both sides of the

argument. They address how liberal arts focuses are declining, but they also point out some

people’s views on the importance of a liberal arts education.

Brett C. Lockard focuses on employment projections and the success rates of

multiple job fields, including media and the arts. The average incline is projected for the

media and arts jobs. Even though there is still expected to be an increase of jobs in the

media field, some people still worry about educational cuts and if a liberal arts education is

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still valuable or not. Sal Gentile, a writer for PBS, looks into whether liberal arts degrees are

useless or not. Gentile points out that the government is cutting down spending, and the

arts are the first thing to go. But Gentile then tells a little bit about Steve Jobs’ background

as a counter argument. Jobs focused on calligraphy for a brief time in college. “’It was

beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it

fascinating,’ Jobs said. ‘None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.’

Ten years later, his knowledge of serif and sans serif typefaces came rushing back to him as

he designed the first Mac. If he had never dropped in on that calligraphy class, Jobs said,

‘personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do’” (Gentile).

Patricia Cohen addresses a similar issue as Gentile. Cohen gives more of a wider scope of

many people who fear for the future of liberal arts educations and the humanities. In her

article, some of the sources defend the importance of a liberal arts education and what it

can offer. David Gessner wrote for The New York Times and expressed his personal

struggle with being a writer. He struggled to maintain financial stability and had a family to

support. He reached out to the security of a professorial position at a university. Although

Gessner speaks of his struggles with depending solely on his writing, there are other people

who say that without their liberal arts degrees, they would not be as successful as they are

today. Rowan Today gives examples of College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS)

graduates who explain how beneficial their liberal arts degrees are.

Carol T. Christ, president of Smith College in Northampton, MA, has a strong voice

when speaking about her view about having and pursuing a liberal arts education,

“Flexibility, creativity, critical thinking, and strong communication skills (particularly

writing) are at the core of liberal arts education and critical to success today and in the

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future. It’s not surprising that a recent survey by the Association of American Colleges and

Universities shows that more than three-quarters of employers would recommend an

education with this emphasis to a young person they know.”

The University of Wisconsin-Madison Experience Convergence Group created a

presentation about the importance of a liberal arts education. They came up with a well-

organized section of questions and answers that covered some worrisome areas for liberal

arts educations:

Figure 2: Conversations about liberal education

Objections Raised

Productive Responses

These are nice platitudes, but are they useful?

If we agree that we value these concepts, we may benefit from having a common language to communicate effectively about them and about what we do.

We shouldn’t have to justify our work!

Like it or not, we do. We may prefer that we not have to justify what we do, but it is useful to be able to explain what we do.

Where did these come from? Who decided these outcomes are important?

AAC&U conducted a national study that engaged leaders in higher education and in business to develop the essential learning outcomes. But these outcomes should not be seen as the “lowest common denominator” for learning. They will accumulate detail and focus as they intersect with locally described learning outcomes, and as they are articulated at increasingly sophisticated levels.

Why do we focus so much on jobs? Shouldn’t we promote learning for the sake of learning?

Students seek assurance that what they learn has value, and we have a responsibility to ensure that it does. We know that employers value employees who are creative and who can learn; society benefits from an educated citizenry; and the goal of liberal education is not just to make a living, but to make a life.

How are these Although these goals help us participate in state and national

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learning outcomes relevant to us, here?

conversations about higher education, they also challenge us to help students attain them at our university in a distinct way.

My course is about […]; I don’t teach anything else, and these goals don’t apply to my course.

Every course fits into a larger whole. If, in our rapidly changing world, the content of any course is rapidly outdated—what endures? What do students learn beyond course content? What if your course is the only exposure students may ever have to your field, or to the broader realm of knowledge?

Normally, there is a necessity to stick to scholarly sources. But I wanted to see what

the “average,” not necessarily scholarly, people thought. I decided to test the waters and

find out what Google would tell me about the variety of views on writing and liberal arts

degrees. While I found articles by some scholarly sources supporting the usefulness of a

writing or media degree, but the majority of Google told me otherwise. Many of the articles

or blogs that popped up talked about how liberal arts degrees were declining and useless

unless you were looking into teaching. The positive posts revolved around how to make

your liberal arts degrees useful or how to get a job. I hope to shed a different kind of light

on the usefulness of WPDM and Studio Art degrees. My goal is that people will look into the

research and see the hope in having a liberal arts education.

Preview to the Following Chapters: Looking into Jobs

I think that looking into specific jobs and the ways that a WPDM degree and Studio

Art degree can be beneficial is a way to support the importance of a liberal arts education.

Many of the jobs I am about to discuss have their own particular majors, but on the WPDM

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track we cover and gain experience in multiple areas. Depending on how much each WPDM

student dives into each area, graduates from this track can be very successful in many job

fields.

Chapter Two: Graphic Design

“Graphic design is a creative process that combines art and technology to communicate

ideas. The designer works with a variety of communication tools in order to convey a

message from a client to a particular audience. The main tools are image and typography”

(AIGA).

There are different types of graphic designers. Each designer has to have knowledge

of many programs; these programs include Photoshop, Indesign, Illustrator, and some have

to know about Final Cut Pro. The knowledge needed depends on the employer. Some

designers work with papers or publishers who handle the same types of formats over and

over again. For example, every time you see a Real Estate pamphlet, be aware that those

companies have graphic designs that make each edition of pamphlets.

Even though that is a limited summary of graphic design and the skills needed to be

successful at it, WPDM and Studio Art have allowed me to gain experience with those

programs. I have also been able to work on creating logos, layouts, and other pieces in

order to please a client. No matter the artistic talent, the employee must be able to create

something unique yet pleasing to the employer or client. My professors make sure to point

that out with every project. They not only focus on the requirements for each project but

on how each project would be presented to clients.

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Financially, the graphic design industry is consistent. Across the nation, graphic

designers get paid around the same wages depending on whether they are freelancing, part

–time, or full-time for a company. “With the increased use of the Internet, designers will be

needed to create designs and images for portable devices, websites, electronic publications,

and video entertainment media. Graphic designers will take on increasingly important

roles in the marketing of products. For example, graphic designers working in advertising

or for computer design firms may influence the design of websites and publications.

Designers will work with advertising and marketing staff to create graphics for websites,

mobile phones, and other technology” (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Quick Facts: Graphic Designers

2010 Median Pay$43,500 per year $20.92 per hour

Entry-Level Education Bachelor’s degree

Work Experience in a Related Occupation None

On-the-job Training None

Number of Jobs, 2010 279,200

Job Outlook, 2010-20 13% (About as fast as average)

Employment Change, 2010-20 37,300

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Quick Facts: Graphic Designers

From Bureau of Labor Statistics

Chapter Three: Photography

There are photographers for almost every entertainment, sentimental, political, or

personal aspect of life. Some are photojournalists, and some photograph athletics. There

are photographers who take pictures of families, weddings, news, art, nature, and anything

with a purpose or meaning. Each lens brings a different view of the world and the things in

it.

Photography also runs closely with social media. Social media has become more

than just posting thoughts, words, articles, blogs, and feelings. Social media needs strong

visuals in order to catch a passing viewer’s eye. Photography is a necessity for a successful

online page or promotion.

For my Studio Art requirements, I have taken photography. My WPDM classes had

me photograph multiple events and people. My internship with an advertising company

also had me be a photographer and work with video for some of their events, projects, and

clients. I had to put my photographs online and create visuals for professors, employers,

and clients, and my classes have prepared me for the working world.

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Financially, photography can be an unsteady field if not handled properly. A degree

is the difference in a higher pay-grade. A degree helps photographers figure out what is

visually pleasing for clients and how to create portfolios successfully. It can takes years of

practicing without a degree to find out how to be a professional, successful photographer.

Quick Facts: Photographers

2010 Median Pay$29,130 per year

$14.00 per hour

Entry-Level Education High school diploma or equivalent

Work Experience in a Related Occupation None

On-the-job Training Long-term on-the-job training

Number of Jobs, 2010 139,500

Job Outlook, 2010-20 13% (About as fast as average)

Employment Change, 2010-20 17,500

From Bureau of Labor Statistics

After looking at the chart, photography might not seem very lucrative. But if you

consider that the chart is focused on photographers with no degree, there is much room for

financial improvement.

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Chapter Four: Reporting

Reporters’ jobs are in a constant competition. Every employer wants a great writer.

But the job goes beyond writing skills. They have to decide what is appropriate to report.

Some information can put other people’s lives in danger. They get to decide how to spin

tales of right and wrong.

The competition deals with how quickly information can be put out for the public. It

takes seconds for the news to be updated and to inform people on the Internet. Anyone can

report what they see, but reporters cannot just post or report anything. They are held to a

higher standard. Reporters must report with accuracy. They have to be neutral. There can

be no opinion, but there must be multiple sides to the story, multiple examples of a variety

of people. Bias is not allowed in well-reported information.

Another major part of reporting is the Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics was

involved with every writing course of WPDM. The preamble of the SPJ Code of Ethics gives a

well-described synopsis of how journalists should conduct their work:

“Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public

enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. The duty of the

journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing a fair and comprehensive

account of events and issues. Conscientious journalists from all media and specialties strive

to serve the public with thoroughness and honesty. Professional integrity is the

cornerstone of a journalist's credibility. Members of the Society share a dedication to

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ethical behavior and adopt this code to declare the Society's principles and standards of

practice” (SPJ).

There are four sections to the SPJ Code of Ethics: Seek the Truth and Report It,

Minimize Harm, Act Independently, and Be Accountable. The titles of each of these sections

speak for themselves. Although many reporters have strayed from these ethics, the classes

of writing at Columbia College in Columbia, SC. were held to a high standard. The Code of

Ethics was considered for every assignment.

Industry Employment Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage

Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers 39,650 $18.57 $38,620

Radio and Television Broadcasting 9,280 $24.39 $50,730

Other Information Services 1,930 $25.81 $53,690

Internet Publishing and Broadcasting 260 $20.52 $42,690Cable and Other Subscription

Programming 260 $24.36 $50,660

The financial situation for reporters is very competitive, but it is similar to the

graphic design financial concept. Reporting depends on if it is freelancing, for a paper,

online journal, clients, or any other type of employer. It also depends on what type of

reporting you are going into, whether you would go into politics, features, fashion, or any

other type of writing.

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From the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Chapter Five: Social Media Specialist

Social media is constantly growing and changing. Every action, product, decision,

and thought are projected through the social media sites. Advertising and social media

work hand in hand. Almost every product is promoted with social media. Knowing how to

maximize the use of social media in order to successfully sell a product is a valued skill in

the advertising market. Jessica Bosari, a contributor to Forbes, writes about social media,

“Social media, although a relatively recent phenomenon, is becoming an increasingly

important part of any business’s marketing and client base development platform. The

perception of social media marketing has shifted quickly—no longer viewed as a trendy or

passing fad, having a flexible and well-managed presence in each of the “big three”

(Facebook, Twitter, and Google+) has become a must for any business seeking to secure a

place in both the traditional and digital marketplace. What could once be accomplished by a

traditional website now needs to be supplemented by a robust and responsive utilization of

the tools social media offers.”

My WPDM courses are flooded with social media techniques and ideas. From

creating blogs to posting tweets for companies, my classes have given me plenty of

experience. My Studio Art classes compliment my WPDM courses by giving me ideas of

different set-ups with each project in order to create a more visually pleasing piece.

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Financially, social media jobs are climbing. Every major or minor company has to

have some type of social media. It a new necessity for each company.

“This diverse occupational group is projected to add 342,500 new jobs between 2010 and

2020, a growth rate of 12.6 percent. The group includes a variety of occupations:

• Art and design workers, such as graphic designers, merchandise displayers and window

trimmers, and art directors.

• Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, such as coaches and scouts,

musicians and singers, producers and directors, music directors and com- posers, and

actors.

• Media and communication workers, such as public relations specialists, writers and

authors, editors, interpreters and translators, and reporters and correspondents.

• Media and communication equipment workers, such as photographers, audio and visual

equipment technicians, broadcast technicians, and film and video editors” (Lockard 95).

Chapter Six: Public Relations Specialist

These jobs vary considerably. Each client brings on a different list of necessities.

Some clients need a public relations specialist who can help avoid bad publicity. Other

clients need someone who can successfully promote them and/or their businesses. A public

relations specialist’s goal is to create positive attention for their client’s business and to

create a monetary influx for that business. There are some differences between advertising

and public relations:

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“The public relations role in a company is different from advertising in a couple of

key ways. First, ad placements are paid for, while PR communication does not involve

paid messages. Additionally, PR efforts are often less measurable than advertisements.

Your primary responsibility as a PR specialist is to keep the company's name active in the

public and to guard against any messages and activities that damage the company's

reputation. A bachelor's degree in PR, marketing, journalism or communication is usually

required” (Kokemuller).

For one of my classes in my WPDM track, my class did nothing but PR work. We

focused on the company’s needs and how to get them interacting with the community

better. That experience came in handy with my internship. I was able to promote each

article I wrote, and I was able to give the proper tone and output of information in each

one. My PR work helped me work through questions that popped up with my internship.

My classroom experiences definitely helped me with my real world work experience.

Financially, public relations specialists can be a very lucrative business if you are

good at promoting. The jobs in this field are constantly climbing as companies grow. Public

relations specialists are offered higher positions because they help keep reputations under

control and constantly put a positive light on their clients and their clients’ projects.

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Industry Employment Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage

Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services 34,720 $33.48 $69,630

Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations 19,590 $29.83 $62,040

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 17,020 $25.26 $52,540

Local Government (OES Designation) 10,270 $26.31 $54,720

Management of Companies and Enterprises 9,590 $29.83 $62,040

From Bureau of Labor Statistic

Chapter Seven: Production Artist

Starting off as a production artist is a very realistic situation for any art major with a

graphic design interest. A production artist is not the designer. The production artist works

with a designer in order to create a successful piece for a client. The production artist

normally does minor tweaks to the design pieces but never alters anything majorly. Their

purpose is to send the designed pieces to clients. Though this sounds simple, there are

many different sizes, formats, and adaptions that needed to be made before sending a

designed piece out to clients. Pieces might be emailed or sent to clients, printers, other

producers, or designers. Each person needs it sent in a different format and size in order to

use it the way they want. Eventually, production artists would move up to the designer

position.

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In my graphic design classes, my professor has made my classmates and me send

our projects to her in multiple ways in order to understand their different purposes.

Although it was somewhat of a struggle to learn, it was very useful. Multiple parts of

creating designs and turning them in to professors became a major part that I learned with

my design classes. Adapting each piece made me realize that becoming a production artist

was possible.

Production artists can make a decent living if they work for a larger company with a

wide clientele base. Also, most production artist jobs are in bigger cities. The bigger city

you work in, the more you get paid.

Industry Employment (1)

Percent of industry

employmentHourly mean

wageAnnual

mean wage (2)

Motion Picture and Video Industries

9,130 2.55 $40.58 $84,410

Computer Systems Design

and Related Services

4,290 0.27 $30.64 $63,730

Software Publishers 3,720 1.31 $31.79 $66,130

Advertising, Public Relations,

and Related Services

2,940 0.68 $31.10 $64,690

Specialized Design Services 1,180 1.01 $30.16 $62,730

From the Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Chapter Eight: Brand Management Specialist

A brand management specialist can be similar to a marketing manager. Brand

management can involve marketing products and the output of designs and ideas to help

create a successful business plan and sales for that business. The brand of a company is the

image and idea you think of when immediately hearing about the company. For example,

when you think of Nike, you might think of the Nike swoosh symbol and the sweaty

athletes you see sporting all their gear on commercials. Or you might think of their

equipment and their running shoes. That is a type of branding.

Branding can involve totally changing a brand name or adapting one that is already

in place. There are complications to both sides. Carmen Nobel, senior editor of HBS

Working Knowledge, writes about a survey comparing the differences between changing a

brand name or creating a new one:

“In one experiment, 78 participants considered a hypothetical scenario in which a well-

known firm is preparing to launch a new version of its color printer. The participants, who

were split into two groups, received a list of seven successive model names. For the first

group, the entire series of printers was branded in a sequential fashion, from 2300W to

2900W. For the second group, the first four models were named sequentially—2300W to

2600W, but the last three models reflected a brand name change—MagiColor, MagiColor II,

and MagiColor III.

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Based on the names alone, on a scale of 1 to 7, participants gauged the likelihood of

significant changes and improvements for each successive model. Even though participants

had no information about the actual features of the products, participants predicted much

greater change when the latest version was named MagiColor than when it was named

2700W” (Nobel).

Part of branding is coming up with logos. Not all brand management specialists

design logos and projects for clients, but I could do that. I consider that an upper hand. My

graphic design courses have allowed me the experience of creating logos. My WPDM

classes gave me the opportunity to working on marketing strategies in order to promote

products, ideas, and different brands. During my internship, the company I interned at

specialized in branding and recreating new brands for companies. I learned how to change

and adapt brands that are already in place in order to make the client’s business more

successful.

The brand management specialist can be a very lucrative career. It depends on the

company you work for. It takes a few years of experience in order to make a great deal of

money, but the climb of the positional ladder is quicker than most jobs. But keep in mind

that this job needs a certain level of creativity and constant adapting to marketing needs.

Quick Facts: Advertising, Promotions, and Marketing Managers

2010 Median Pay $108,260 per year $52.05 per hour

Entry-Level Education Bachelor’s degree

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Work Experience in a Related Occupation 1 to 5 yearsOn-the-job Training NoneNumber of Jobs, 2010 216,800Job Outlook, 2010-20 14% (About as fast as average)Employment Change, 2010-20 29,400From the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Mini-Chapter Nine: New Jobs

Outside of the WPDM and Studio Art tracks, with the addition of one or two more

computer courses, a whole other array of jobs open up. Other jobs to look into include web

design, app developer, web content specialist, or any other media/web related jobs.

There are so many new jobs considering the constant change in the Internet, and it

is hard to find information about them because they are so new. Being a part of the WPDM

track, make me stay accountable for remaining updated on the Internet and the

technological world.

Chapter Ten: Conclusion

After researching into multiple job fields and narrowing down my interests, I have

come to a personal conclusion. I believe the key to being successful with a liberal arts

degree is being able to give the employers or clients what they desire. So many “artists” get

caught up in ideas they form instead of how to create an idea or concept for a client. If you

can push past what you personally think is visually pleasing and create something that is

visually pleasing for someone else, you can be very successful.

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In school, so many students are taught to create certain types of materials or to

create whatever they want. But not all students realize that what they want might not be

what a client wants. That thought process might stall the beginning of a graduate’s career.

So if you have a liberal arts degree, think about what employers are asking for.

“Today, the skills of liberal arts graduates are in increasing demand around the world.

Surveys in China and Japan, cultures long held as supporting regimented learning, have

begun to show that employers there are complaining about the inflexibility of a workforce

educated without a focus on creativity or problem solving. Facing the same pressures of

internationalization and innovation that have generated increased scrutiny of educational

styles in the United States, universities in Asia are adapting liberal arts education as an

economic necessity” (Christ).

Sometimes classes can prepare a student for work outside the classroom, and

sometimes it could hinder them and their ideas of what they think the clients want. The

opportunities for internships I had benefitted me greatly. My WPDM track and Studio Art

classes helped me prepare for multiple careers that I did not consider until recently. I was

able to learn how to create products and promote them in a successful manner. If you are

an employee, you are expected to create work that pleases your employer. Learn to create

your work in order to please your employer or client, and you can be very successful no

matter what degree or field you decide to pursue.

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Berrett, Dan. "Employers and Public Favor Graduates Who Can Communicate, Survey

Finds." Chronicle of Higher Education. (2013): n. page. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.

<http://chronicle.com/article/EmployersPublic-Favor/141679/>.

Bosari, Jessica. "The Developing Role of Social Media in the Modern Business World."

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role-of-social-media-in-the-modern-business-world/>.

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Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections." (2013):

n.pag. United States Department of Labor. Web. 11 Nov 2013.

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Christ, Carol T. "Myth: A Liberal Arts Education Is Becoming Irrelevant." American Council

on Education. 2012: n. page. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. <http://www.acenet.edu/the-

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Company?." Demand Media. (2013): n. page. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.

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>.

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