do now: please read questions, then read and answer “study reinforces ‘out of africa’ theory...
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Do Now: Please read questions, then read and answer “Study Reinforces ‘out of Africa’ theory on human evolution. Be sure toHighlight, underline, write questions and comments.
Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist
Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist
1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old Stone” “Old Stone” AgeAge
““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old Stone” “Old Stone” AgeAge 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering () & gathering (womenwomen) ) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering () & gathering (womenwomen) ) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans
NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place) NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place)
Made Made toolstools
Made Made toolstools
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
Hominids Hominids --> any member--> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.
Hominids Hominids --> any member--> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.
AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines- AKA “Lucy”- AKA “Lucy”
One of the One of the earliest found earliest found hominid remainshominid remains
AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines- AKA “Lucy”- AKA “Lucy”
One of the One of the earliest found earliest found hominid remainshominid remains
An An Apposable Apposable Thumb Thumb
An An Apposable Apposable Thumb Thumb
HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” or ( “Man of Skills” or “handy-man”)“handy-man”)
HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” or ( “Man of Skills” or “handy-man”)“handy-man”) found in East found in East Africa.Africa.
found in East found in East Africa.Africa. created stone created stone tools.tools.
created stone created stone tools.tools.
Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves.
Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind.
Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??
1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )
HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )
Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology
Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.
First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))
BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM
Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????
Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????
Out of Africa- 1st homo sapiens emigrated out of Africa
Multi-regional-homo erectusleft Africa butEvolved in Europe ,Asia and Africa Differently
Do now: please take out PERSIAN chart on paleolithic and take mc
200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )
HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:
Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)
Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)
First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.
First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.
Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.
Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.
Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.
Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.
NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent
CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )
Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )
By 30,000 BCE theyBy 30,000 BCE they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.
WHY???WHY??? WHY???WHY???
Characteristics of Paleolithic Period
• The people were hunters and gatherers• They lived in small groups of about 20-30 people• Sexual division of labor(women gathered/men
hunted)• Nomadic people who followed game and ripening
fruit• Developed simple tools from stone, bone or wood• Invented clothing• Cave paintings and religious rituals
COT: Paleolithic
• From 2.5 M.YA- 10,000 B.C.E early human evelopments included the development of tools from stone and bone, the intoduction of fire for cooking, heat and light, however, mankind maintained its diet primarily based on what could be hunted or gathered
Comparative thesis
• Similar formula to the COT:• Dates, place, topic
• From 2.5 MYA-10,000 B.C.E in (place) and (other place) _______________ (sim/dif) and ____________(sim/dif) however_____________ (dif/sim)
Ch 1 Strayer’s Ways of the World
• From 12,000 B.C.E-4,000 B.CE in both the San in South Africa and the Chamash in Southern California both relied on hunting and gathering for sustainance, both utlized stone tools. However, the Chumash had a richer environment leading to greater advancements while the San eeked out a meager existence
San and Chumash
Similarities Difference
Both paleolithic sociteiesBoth hunter gatherersBoth division of labor by genderNo written languagenomadic
Chumash developed canoes ( tomol)Chumash richer environmentChumashmore class distinctions while San had more equality between the sexesLiving conditions more elaborate in ChumashSan more vulnerable to nature less stability in food sourcesChumash more permanent dwellings
““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge
““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.
Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.
8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world. Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world.
SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
DevelopmenDevelopment t
of of AgricultureAgriculture
DevelopmenDevelopment t
of of AgricultureAgriculture
?
?
?
?
Why do you think the development of
agriculture occurred around the same time
in several different places?
Why do you think the development of
agriculture occurred around the same time
in several different places?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations.
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged.
9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat
9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat
8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants
8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants
Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor
Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade
Organized religion Organized religion
Small militarySmall military Small militarySmall military
12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops
12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops
An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger
What role did the food supply play in
shaping the nomadic life of hunter-
gatherers and the settled life of the
farmers?
What role did the food supply play in
shaping the nomadic life of hunter-
gatherers and the settled life of the
farmers?