Do Now

If you could choose the physical features of your child would you? Why? (3 Sentences)

Do-Now

How would you feel if you were this person? (3 Sentences)

Do NowDefine “Race”. Is it right to distinguish between people because of their ethnic background? (3 Sentences)

Answer these questions on the back of your article

1. Identify what “Race” means in Biological Terms?

2. Determine if Susie should have been classified as “Black” and why.

3. There is an 85% genetic variation between two people from the same race. Compare this fact to your prior knowledge of race. Are you surprised? Why?

Modern Human Variation

Biological Anthropology

Homo SapiensThe species that you and all

other living human beings on this planet belong to is Homo sapiens. During a time of dramatic climate change 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens (modern humans) evolved in Africa

This is supported by mitochondrial DNA, or MTDNA

Compared to other Hominids our face teeth and jaw size has been reducing, while our cranial capacity increases

The resulting human brain produces heat, uses about 20% of our calories, and is relatively difficult to get blood to.

Modern humans also have a very advanced cooling system (hairless)

Homo SapiensModern humans have very large brains, which the average size is approximately 1300 cubic centimeters.

Housing this big  brain involved the reorganization of the skull into what is thought of as "modern" -- a thin-walled, high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead. Modern human faces also show much less (if any) of the heavy brow ridges. Our jaws are also less heavily developed, with smaller teeth.

Processes in Human Variation and Adaption

In any given human population, individuals vary in external features (skin color/height) and internal features (blood type/susceptibility to disease)

Physical differences may be caused by:GeneticsPhysical environmentCultural Environment

Mutations, changes in genetic structure, are the ultimate source of genetic variation

Adaptations are genetic changes that give their carriers a better chance of survival and reproduction

Adaptation through natural selection does not account for neutral traits

Genetic Drift and Gene Flow doGenetic Drift- isolationGene Flow brining population together

Acclimatization

Physiological changes to environmental condition, they occur over time

Humans can adapt to an environment in two waysBiologicallyCulturally

Physical Variation in Human Populations

Bergmann’s Rule-slender population of a species inhabit warmer climates of it’s geographic range, more robust species inhabit cooler areas

Do-Now

Watch the following video. Why do you think children chose the white doll? (3 Sentences)

Allen’s Rule-Protruding body parts are relatively shorter in cooler areas

Glogger’s Rule –populations of birds and mammals living in warmer climates have more melanin, therefore darker skin, fur, or feathers. Melanin regulates the body’s absorption of Vitamin D from sun light

Adaption to High Altitude

Hypoxia-breathing problem at high altitudes

Population living near the Himalayas and the Andes seem immune to hypoxia

Height

Allen’s rule impacts heightWeight impacts heightNutrition, stress, and disease have all been linked to height

Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases

Certain population seem to have developed inherited resistance to particular infectious diseases

Sickle-Cell Anemia

Normal blood cells assume a sickle shape, damaging organs

Sickle cells are resistant to malaria

Lactase Deficiency

The inability to digest milk sugar (lactase)

Common in most of the world (Asia, Africa, North/South America)

Uncommon in cultures that have readily accessible milk (Northern Europe, Russia)

Immunity

Many diseases such as the flu or measles grant some degree of immunity with exposure. Making them more deadly to groups that lack exposure (Native Americans/ Columbus)

The Future of Human Variation

Laboratory fertilization, cloning, and genetic engineering are increasingly practiced on non-human organisms

Humans modify and control their environment like no other animal

What does this mean for the future of humans?

Type 3- Due Monday (20 Sentences)

Considering genetic diseases and harmful mutations, should the human race use genetic engineering to create children? (20 Sentences)

FAC- 1) Topic sentence and Conclusion.- 30% 2) Explain ideas with sufficient details-

50% 3) Use content-specific vocabulary

accurately- 20%

Race and Racism

Race is not a useful scientific category

Populations (Africans/Europeans) vary more among themselves (genetically) than they do in comparison to people else where

93-95% of all genetic variation is due to the individual, not the “race”

Only 3-5% is due to differences among populations

Race is a social construct

Race and Civilization

Some views hold that “civilization” began in Europe and continues today in developed, first world, western nations

This ignores the fact that today’s under developed nations were once centers of great civilization

Piltdown Man

Racially motivated fake “find”

Race has no link to intelligence, behavior or civilization

Rwandan GenocideA product of recent historyThe people of Rwanda were

divided by the Belgians into two groupsHutu’s- Majority of populationTutsi’s-

When the Belgians left they gave power to the Tutsi’s

Rwandan Genocide

A Hutu leader eventually took power, and small militant groups of Hutu’s began to kill the Tutsi’s

800,000 people were killed

Do-NowDoes the United States have a responsibility to stop world-wide genocide? Why? (3 Sentences)

Do Now

Do you think the Europeans should have evacuated the Rwandans from the hotel? Why? (3 Sentences)