do liberals and conservatives think about things in different ways?
TRANSCRIPT
Do liberals and conservatives think about things in different ways?
Morgan, Mullen, & Skitka, 2010• What is the ideo-attribution effect? • When would you expect to get it? • What are personal vs. situational attributions and how do they
relate to automatic/controlled processing?• How do we assess controlled processing?• Does it matter how you operationalize political orientation?• What about social identity and motivation (instead of values)?
Study 1• Knowledge networks• Operational definition of political orientation?• What were the correlates of political orientation (Table 1).• Method and results?
• Differences?• Methods and results?
Study 2
Study 3• Police officers accused of wrongly killing a wild cougar• Environmental vs. security values• Method and results? (stats)
• What are other examples of when lib-con attributional differences may reverse?
• Are they really getting at “values”?
Overall
Nail, Harton, & Decker, 2003• What is the integrated model? • What evidence is there from other research?• What does this model suggest about race and politics? • About values?• What other groups would it apply to? • What other values might be involved?
Previous Research • Links between modern racism and conservatism• Aversive racism studies in liberal environment• Gaertner, 1973—responses to telephone caller• Skitka et al., 2002—attributions about social
welfare• Sniderman et al., 1991—responses to laid off
worker• Reyna et al., 2006—beliefs about affirmative
action• Crandall et al., 1994—conservativism as our
“default”
Liberals and conservatives respond with opposite biases.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Political orientation
Dou
ble
jeop
ardy
ratin
gs
AA Officer
EA Officer
Study 2—Replication and extension
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Political orientation
Dou
ble
jeop
ardy
ratin
gs
AA Officer
EA Officer
The main difference is in the EA officer/AA victim condition.
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AA Victim EA Victim AA Victim EA Victim AA Victim EA Victim
Liberal Moderate Conservative
Dou
ble
jeop
ardy
ratin
gs
AA Officer
EA Officer
SC increases for liberals only.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Political orientation
Tou
ch S
C
AA Experimenter
EA Experimenter
HR increases for liberals only.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Political orientation
HR AA Experimenter
EA Experimenter
Study 5: Will liberals discriminate when there is an “excuse”? • 203 EA community participants• 3 (officer/victim race) X 3 (puncher) X 3 (political orientation)
When the punch is unspecified, we replicate our finding for liberals.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Dou
ble
Jeop
ardy
Rat
ings
AA/EA
EA/AA
EA/EA
When the officer throws the first punch (“excuse”), the liberals show less bias.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Dou
ble
Jeop
ardy
Rat
ings
AA/EA
EA/AA
EA/EA
When the motorist throws the first punch, conservatives tend to show a bias against the AA.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Dou
ble
Jeo
par
dy
Rat
ings
AA/EA
EA/AA
EA/EA
Study 6: Do these differences relate to value differences b/t L and C? • 96 EA community members• 2 (background/values) X 2 (race) X 3 (political
orientation)• Car, home, drug, girlfriend, school, parent details
varied
• What sentence is most appropriate?
Liberals and conservatives respond differently to people from traditional vs. nontraditional backgrounds.
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Sen
ten
ce
EA Trad
EA Non
AA Trad
AA Non
Study 7: Do liberals and conservatives differ in implicit vs. explicit racism?
• 125 EA students• Modern racism scale (McConahay, 1986)• Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., 1998) • Internal/External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice scales
(Plant & Devine, 1998)
Liberals show more difference between their implicit and explicit levels of racism.
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-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
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Liberal Moderate Conservative
Political Orientation
Stan
dard
ized
Pre
judi
ce S
core
Explicit
Implicit
Political orientation predicts explicit, but not implicit, racism. Independent
VariablesImplicit Racism
(IAT)
Explicit Racism(MRS)
Gender .17 -.11
IMS .12 -.41**
EMS -.09 .03
POS .12 .32**
R2 .06 .40**
What about the moderates? • They’re pretty moderate.• Who are they? Why do they show less bias?
Study 8: What about other stigmatized groups? • 77 heterosexual college students pre-tested to be liberal or
conservative• Interacted via the computer with a “homosexual” or
“heterosexual” confederate who either agreed with them on most issues or disagreed on most.
• Reports of desire to help
Liberals were more willing to help unless there was an “excuse.”
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Hom
osex
ual
Agr
ee
Hom
osex
ual
Dis
agre
e
Het
eros
exua
lA
gree
Het
eros
exua
lD
isag
ree
Inte
nt
Mea
ns
Liberals
Conservatives
Other ideas?
• What are other ways to test these ideas? • How can they be integrated with other research
we’ve read about this semester? • What are moderates? What are they like? • What difference would target gender or
appearance make? • Is being colorblind a good thing?
Debate• Make notes on the debate as it relates to issues that we’ve
discussed in class:• Values held by liberals/conservatives• How each present their arguments• Whether and how they dodge questions• Others?
• http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00910.x/pdf