do enzymes play role in gut health?
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09/03/2015, Bangkok, Thailand
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Do enzymes play role in gut health?
AJAY AWATI
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Higher purpose!
4/20/2015
1960 2010 2050
Achieved Dream
Food on plate for extra 4B people Extra 3B still to feed
Approximates Based on 2011 Hunger report, www.bread.org
How animal production contributed to this achievement?
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Based on Rauw 1998 & Ross recommendations
How animal production contributed to this achievement?
4/20/2015
Based on Rauw 1998 & Ross recommendations
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Otte et al., 2007
How animal production contributed to this achievement?
Then why ‘dream’ is still distant?
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Environ-
ment
Animal
welfare
Animal
health
Public
Health
Quality of
animal
products
Improved
growth Improved
efficiency
Improved
growth
Improved
efficiency
Most of these issues are gut health related
Bad news is AMGPs are going away, we must think beyond
Today’s argument:
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Enzymes with their impact on gut health,
can be an alternative during transition to
post AMGP era
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When, how and why AMGPs work?
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Control
Antibiotic
Co
nve
nti
on
al
Ge
rm-f
ree
Ora
l
Inje
cte
d
New
Old
Res
po
nse
Rela
tive
to
Co
ntr
ol
Animals
Mode of
Administration
Facilities
Anderson, 1999
- AMGPs work more effectively
in gut
- AMGPs work more effectively
under stress
Stress and gut microflora
Stress
Intestinal motility
is affected
Enzyme
production is
affected
Favourable
conditions for
microbiota in small
intestine
Microbial
Overgrowth
NSP contents in diet contribute further to the problem
unconventional
cheap
ingredients with
high NSP
contents
40
9
43 40
25 29
Barley Corn Oats Rye Wheat Wheatbran
Concentration of soluble NSPs g/Kg DM
Soluble
NSP levels
are high
Bach Knudsen, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67:319-338
Animal diets
contain
Cereals
Soluble NSPs in diet and gut health
Soluble
NSPs
Increased
viscosity in
Small Intestine Increased
digesta retention
time in Small
Intestine
Decreased
nutrient
digestibility
Decreased
oxygen tension
in Small
Intestine
Increased
microbial growth
in Small
Intestine
Decreased
Performance
s were effective by reducing
microbial overgrowth in the small intestine
caused by stress & soluble NSP content of
the diet.
Enzymes can be part of the solution
Small Intestine Large Intestine
-De-polymerisation of soluble NSPs
-Reduction in viscosity
-Increased nutrient digestibility
-Digesta transit time is better
regulated
-Lesser microbial overgrowth
-Better nutrient absorption
-De-polymerisation of soluble NSPs
produce smaller oligomers which
utilized by healthy microflora
-Increased energy availability by higher
VFA production
-Lower pathogen pressure
Choct 1997
Enzymes: Small Intestine
Romero et al. 2011
Enzyme source: Combination XAP
Enzymes: Small Intestine
Apajalahti and Bedford1998
Enzymes: Large Intestine
Amerah et al. 2012 Choct et al. Brit. Poult. Sci. 37: 609-621
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Enzymes and Necrotic Enteritis challenge
BWG, d0-42, g/bird FCR, d0-42, g/g
Mortality by NE*, % Lesions scores
Romero et al. 2012, unpublished Enzyme source: combination XAP
Enzymes and Salmonella challenge
42 45
42
25
8.3
33
27 25
17
108 107 106 105 104
-21%
-40% -40%
-32%
-100%
ND
Control + Enzyme
S enteritidis inoculation, cfu/bird
S. enteritidis-positive birds (birds with >105 cfu/g), %
Study done at Bristol University, UK Enzyme source: combination XAP
Enzymes show synergy with other feed additives-DFM
4/20/2015 Romero et al., 2013
2960c
2995c
3042b
3093a
Control Bacillus XAP Bacillus +XAP
AMEn (kcal/kg DM)
Animal: Broilers
Enzyme: XAP; Probiotic: 3 Bacillus strains
35 82
133
Enzymes show synergy with other feed additives-Essential
Oils
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P <0.05
Amerah et al., 2012 Challenge: Salmonella Heidelberg d1
Enzymes in post AMGP era
AMGPs prevent
microbial overgrowth in
small intestine by
antimicrobial activity
Enzymes prevent
microbial overgrowth in
small intestine by
substrate reduction
Appropriate use of either single or combinations of enzymes through the effects on gut health
can play a vital role in sustainable animal production in post AMGP era
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Thank you for your attention
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4/20/2015