Lorella Battelli, PhD

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

TMS over M1

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Plasticity over 1 session:

- MEP amplitude after tRNS over M1

Terney et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2008

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

a-tDCS

-Active Stimulation20 minutes @1mAanode EVA(OZ), cathode (CZ)

-Sham Stimulation

hf-tRNS

-Active Stimulation20 minutes @1mABilateral EVA (O2, O1)

-Sham Stimulation

n=12

n=12

Measuring Cortical excitability

Florian Heprich

Federica Contò

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Phosphene threshold

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

tRNS tDCS Sham

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

** ** ** ** ** ** **

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Herpich et al., in prep

** ** ** ** ** ** **

Terney et al., 2008

tRNS = 1 mA – 20 min – bilateral stimulation tRNS = 1 mA – 10 min – unilateral stimulation

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

 

 

 

 

 

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Perceptual Learning

Process by which training leads to improvement in abilities to detect, discriminate and identify sensory stimuli

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Single cell recordings revealed that visual experience modifies neuronal connections in early life.

Wiesel and Hubel, 1963

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

•  Traditionally, brain plasticity has been thought to occur only during infancy and early development

•  Although plasticity effects are strongest during childhood, the last two decades of research demonstrated that the adult brain is plastic

ConclusionsConclusions

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Coherent Motion Detection in Noise

Post Training

15% 50% 100%

Weak Signal Moderate Signal Strong Signal

Perf

orm

ance

Signal Strength

Pre Training

Threshold

0%

100%

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Time

Learning Threshold

SimpleSensory Input

Stimulus Presentation

Effic

acy

Optimization of Sensory Input

Attention Reinforcement (Reward - Punishment)

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation

Conclusions

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Anodal

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

•  Visuo-perceptual functions can be trained both in healthy adults (Hang et al.,

2014) and in the neurological population (Huxlin et al., 2009; Das et al., 2014)

•  Can we use tRNS to boost PL processes to improve visual function in healthy subjects? (Miniussi et al., 2011)

•  Can we use tRNS to boost PL in stroke patients?

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Pre-Training Baseline

6 Months Follow Up

N = 45 220 Mins. @ 1mA.

Fixation

500 ms

ttES

1000 ms

Florian Heprich

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Stimulation Protocol

a-tDCS tRNS Parietal tRNS

Sham Behavioral

n = 9 n = 9 n = 9 n = 9 n = 9

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 4 6 8 103 5 7 9Session

Per

cent

impr

ovem

ent a-tDCS

ControltRNS

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

0

20

40

60

a-tDCSControltRNS

Post-test 6-month follow-up

Am

ount

of l

earn

ing

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Can tES promote recovery in stroke patients?

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

•  Damage to V1 in one hemisphere

•  Blindness in the opposite hemifield

•  Spontaneous recovery limited to the first weeks

hMT+

hMT+

OS/OD

-20

-10

0

10

20

Deg.

visua

l an

gle

Subjects with unilateral V1 damage

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Deg. visual angle

hMT+N=25

Age: 59+14 yrs(6 >70 yrs)

Time sincedamage:

39+62 mths Hemianopic patients

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

•  No established validated clinical therapies exist for the restoration of visual field deficits

•  But the CB retain residual visual processing abilities (“Blindsight”, Weiskrantz 1974)

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Huxlin et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2009

•  Stroke patients with V1 damage

•  Trained on global direction discrimination in cortically blind field

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Huxlin et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2009

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Pre-Training Baseline

Baseline Visual Perimetry

Fixation1000 ms

Procedure

Visual Perimetry

Visual Perimetry

500 mss

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

tRNS

Sham

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

R2 =.601 R2 =.057

IntroductionNeuroplasticity Materials &

MethodsExperimentsResults

Materials & MethodsExperimentResults Results

ExperimentsMaterials & Methods

Perceptual LearningNIBS

Conclusions

r =.23 r =.78

tRNS Sham

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

tRNS Visual Perimetry

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Sham Visual Perimetry

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Plasticity over multiple sessions:

- Perceptual learning during tRNS over Parietal Cortex

Cappelletti et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2013

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

• Can we promote learning with tRNS and make it more efficient? (Cappelletti et al., 2013)

• Short-training paradigm?

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Research report

Functional connectivity of parietal cortex duringtemporal selective attention

Sarah C. Tyler a,b,*, Samhita Dasgupta a, Sara Agosta b, Lorella Battelli b,c

and Emily D. Grossman a

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

The ‘When network’

•  Temporal Attention: ability to perceive the order and structure of events

•  Control of temporal attention, the ‘When Network’

Crucial role of the Parietal lobe

HypothesistRNS modulates parietal cortical activity and consequently improves

temporal attention

(Battelli et al., 2007; Tyler et al., 2015)

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Federica Contò

Sarah Tyler

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

     

 

   

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

BehavhMT+ParietalSham

Tyler et al., JoCN, in press1 Session

Blocks

Average performance Improvement by condition

Behavioral Improvement in One Session

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Dual-task Training

Optimize Training + Stimulation

•  Extend the effect in time multi-session stimulation

•  Efficiency of training paradigm double-training (Szpiro et al.,

2014)

Neurophysiological effect

•  Detecting changes in functional connectivity

•  Is the effect local or wide-spread across the attention network?

Grace Edwards

Federica Contò

Sarah Tyler

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Orientation Discrimination

+

Time1000 ms

Time1000 ms

+

+

SOAs

+

Temporal Order Judgment

Training on two tasks

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Experimental Procedure

Dual-taskPre-Test

Dual-taskPost-Test

Dual-task training + tRNS

MRI Stimulation MRI

t

Multi-Session Between Subjects Design

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Task Design

Orientation Discrimination (OD)

Temporal Order Judgment

(TOJ)

Conditions:Parietal (N = 10)hMT+ (N = 10)Sham (N = 10)

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Day 1 Day 6

Per

cent

Cor

rect

hMT (n=10)

Sham (n=10)

Parietal (n=10)

**

Orientation Discrimination

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Functional Connectivity

Computed FC between these nodes of the attentional network

Individual ROIs

R,L FEF

R,L IPS

RL, TPJ

R,L hMT

FEF

MT

IPS

TPJ

F

T

IPS

TPJ

PSF

FEF

IPS

TPJ

hMT

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

FEF

IPS

TPJ

hMT

Day 6 vs Day 1

Parietal difference between session 1 and session 2

IPSR

IPSL

hMTR

hMTL

FEFR

FEFL

TPJR

TPJL

IPSR

IPSL

hMTR

hMTL

FEFR

FEFL

TPJR

TPJL

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

hMT difference between session 1 and session 2

IPSR

IPSL

hMTR

hMTL

FEFR

FEFL

TPJR

TPJL

IPSR

IPSL

hMTR

hMTL

FEFR

FEFL

TPJR

TPJL

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

Parietal Day6 vs Day1

hMT Day6 vs Day1

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Transcranial Direct Current StimulationFacilitates Associative Learning and AltersFunctional Connectivity in the Primate BrainMatthew R. Krause,1 Theodoros P. Zanos,2 Bennett A. Csorba,1 Praveen K. Pilly,3,5,* Jaehoon Choe,3

Matthew E. Phillips,3 Abhishek Datta,4 and Christopher C. Pack1,*

Current Biology

Article

B

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY

Conclusions

•  tRNS over the Parietal Lobe promotes and speeds up learning within few training sessions

 Neural processes sufficiently stimulated while in a sensitized state Double training coupled with tRNS can maximize learning

•  tRNS may be changing functional connectivity among critical nodes of the attention networks

•  Potential clinical applications

PLEASE D

O NOT C

OPY