dnv lifeboats and rescue boats 2007

STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATION

DET NORSKE VERITAS

NO. 2.20

LIFEBOATS AND RESCUE BOATS

OCTOBER 2007

FOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancyservices relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out researchin relation to these functions.Standards for CertificationStandards for Certification (previously Certification Notes) are publications that contain principles, acceptance criteria and prac-tical information related to the Society's consideration of objects, personnel, organisations, services and operations. Standardsfor Certification also apply as the basis for the issue of certificates and/or declarations that may not necessarily be related to clas-sification. A list of Standards for Certification is found in the latest edition of Pt.0 Ch.1 of the ”Rules for Classification of Ships” and the”Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft”.The list of Standards for Certification is also included in the current “Classification Services – Publications” issued by the Soci-ety, which is available on request. All publications may be ordered from the Society’s Web site http://exchange.dnv.com.The Society reserves the exclusive right to interpret, decide equivalence or make exemptions to this Standard for Certification.

Comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected] information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site http://www.dnv.com

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Standard for Certification - No. 2.20 3

October 2007

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO USERS ............................. 51.1 General .....................................................................51.2 How to use the standard .........................................5

2. THE STANDARD .................................................. 52.1 Applicability.............................................................52.2 Format ......................................................................52.3 Numbering and cross references ...........................52.4 Index and tables of contents ...................................52.5 Amendments ............................................................52.6 Reprints ....................................................................5

3. GUIDELINES, REGISTERS AND LISTS .......... 53.1 General .....................................................................53.2 Registers of Approved Manufacturers and

Type Approved Products ........................................5

4. PREAMBLE TO THE STANDARD.................... 54.1 Introduction .............................................................54.2 General certification................................................54.3 The Standard and in service experience................5

5. THE CERTIFICATION SYSTEM ...................... 65.1 Obligations ..............................................................65.2 Who needs certificates?...........................................65.3 Certification of newbuildings .................................6

6. TYPE APPROVAL AND TYPE EXAMINATION......................................... 6

6.1 General .....................................................................66.2 Request .....................................................................66.3 Documentation.........................................................66.4 Examination and testing .........................................66.5 Certificate.................................................................6

7. PRODUCT CERTIFICATION............................. 67.1 General .....................................................................67.2 Scope .........................................................................67.3 Survey .......................................................................77.4 Product Certificate ..................................................7

8. TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR LIFEBOATS.................................................. 7

9. EXAMPLE OF BUILDING SPECIFICATION MANUAL FOR LIFEBOATS AND RESCUE BOATS ................................................................... 7

9.1 Basic information ....................................................79.2 Boat manufacturer .................................................89.3 Structural construction ..........................................89.4 Accommodation .......................................................89.5 Access openings and windows ................................8

9.6 Hook arrangement .................................................. 99.7 Rudder and steering appliances ............................ 99.8 Engine installation .................................................. 99.9 Fuel system............................................................... 99.10 Electrical installation and lighting......................... 99.11 Bilge systems etc. ..................................................... 99.12 Ventilation system................................................... 99.13 Special air support system...................................... 99.14 Fire extinguishing.................................................... 99.15 Fire protection system ............................................ 99.16 Equipment................................................................ 9

10. GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS............................................... 10

10.1 General requirements for lifeboats and rescue boats............................................................ 10

10.2 External arrangement........................................... 1010.3 Size and floatability............................................... 1010.4 Strength.................................................................. 1110.5 Propulsion .............................................................. 1110.6 Other installations................................................. 1110.7 Equipment.............................................................. 1210.8 Raw materials ........................................................ 12

11. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL BOAT TYPES .................................... 12

11.1 Totally enclosed lifeboats...................................... 1211.2 Lifeboats with self-contained

air support system................................................. 1211.3 Fire-protected lifeboats......................................... 1311.4 Free-fall lifeboat .................................................... 1311.5 Rescue boats........................................................... 13

12. MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS AND WORKMANSHIP OF GRP BOATS ................. 14

12.1 Manufacturing premises....................................... 1412.2 Storage premises ................................................... 1412.3 Materials ................................................................ 1412.4 Workmanship ........................................................ 1412.5 Hand lay-up ........................................................... 1412.6 Spray moulding ..................................................... 1412.7 Lamination of sandwich panels ........................... 1512.8 Laminate properties.............................................. 15

13. SURVEYS, TESTS AND CONTROL OF PRODUCTION .................................................... 15

13.1 Manufacturing of prototype................................. 1513.2 Test of prototype ................................................... 1513.3 Manufacturer's quality assurance of

production.............................................................. 15

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1. Introduction to Users1.1 GeneralFormat and editorial details of the Standard are described in thefollowing to facilitate easy use. This Standard for Certification of Lifeboats and Rescue Boatsreplace previously issued “Certification of Lifeboats (1998).The requirements are established by the Society on the basis ofservice experience and safety records of representative boattypes, size and building materials.The certification systems described in this Standard are some-what different compared with other classification rules issuedby the Society, as this Standard is harmonised with the MarineEquipment Directive.This Standard is applicable if the size, building material andservice of the boats are in compliance with the given limita-tions.

1.2 How to use the standardThe contents of the Standard are such that:

— Sections 1 through 4 - cover introduction — Sections 5 through 10 - cover certification system and gen-

eral technical requirements— Sections 11 through 13 - cover specific requirements de-

pending on type of craft.

2. The Standard2.1 ApplicabilityThis Standard applies to all newbuilding for which applicationfor type approval is received after 2008-01-01.This Standard applies to all existing type approved lifeboatsfrom the date of renewal of the DNV Type Approval Certifi-cate or EC Type Examination Certificate.

2.2 FormatThe first paragraph in each chapter/section will normally betermed General Requirements and will contain subsectionscovering such aspects as application of the Standard, defini-tions of symbols and terms, list of documentation etc.

2.3 Numbering and cross references To identify a specific paragraph it is necessary to give the spe-cific chapter/section, together with the paragraph, i.e. 2.3 - firstparagraph would identify this paragraph.Figures are numbered in increasing order within each chapter/section, e.g. Fig.2-1, Fig.2-2 etc. Tables are numbered in increasing order within each chapter/section, e.g. Table 2-1, Table 2-2 etc.

2.4 Index and tables of contentsA table of contents is given at the beginning of the document,providing the pages for each section/chapter.

2.5 AmendmentsAmendment of existing technical requirements is the result offormal proposals from the technical staff of the Society, basedon practical in service experience as well as comprehensivetheoretical studies, research and development. Such proposalsare commonly discussed with representatives of builders, own-ers, maritime governmental bodies and insurance company as-sociations, before being adopted.Amendments may be undertaken at any time, issued normally

twice a year and made known by highlighting the changes onthe inside cover of the most recent issue.

2.6 ReprintsReprints from the Standard are available from the Society onrequest. There is currently no subscription scheme for reprints.While the Society will publish details of amendments to theStandard in its own magazines, no special notification ofamendments to buyers of reprints will be undertaken.

3. Guidelines, Registers and Lists3.1 GeneralProducts which shall be approved may be granted Type Ap-proval. The Society has issued Registers of Approved Manu-facturers and Type Approved Products containing the namesof manufacturers and types of products which have been grant-ed approval. The approval is time limited and updated registersare normally published annually.

3.2 Registers of Approved Manufacturers and Type Approved ProductsRegister of Approved Manufacturers and Type ApprovedProducts can be found in DNV homepage www.dnv.com

4. Preamble to the Standard4.1 IntroductionThis preamble explains the system of certification, how itworks, conditions of validity, and its interaction with statutorycontrol. This information is to a large extent implied by theStandard, but a brief clarification of the essential points in oneplace is considered useful.This information is not in any way to be understood as a re-quirement.For a better understanding of DNV’s modus of operation, sys-tematics, remuneration and support, reference is also given toDNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.0 Ch.2 and Pt.1 Ch.1.

4.2 General certificationCertification is used within the classification system to verifyconformity with requirements in the design and constructionphase, by application of one or a combination of specified cer-tification modules.The DNV Type Approval Certification system for Boats isbased on the EU Module Certification system. When the client has applied for certification of the lifeboat ac-cording to the Marine Equipment Directive, the Society willfully apply the procedures in the Marine Equipment Directive. The technical requirements in the chapter/ section named:Technical requirements will apply as the Society’s understand-ing of the LSA Code.

4.3 The Standard and in service experienceThe Standard is developed and published by the Society, evenwhen based on and covering mandatory regulations as IMOConventions or EU Directives.In addition to technical requirements, documentation require-ments and certification procedures are also given.The Society will revise the Standard on the basis of availableexperience feedback from service, and will apply additional re-quirements if found necessary.

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5. The Certification System5.1 Obligations Certification according to this Standard and the Marine Equip-ment Directive are aimed at safeguarding life and property atsea and the environment, as a consequence of operation of ves-sels. It implies a process of verifying standards against a set ofrequirements established by the Society.Certification is not performed as a substitute for the client’sown quality and safety control and related duties, nor the cli-ent’s obligations towards third parties, nor to relieve any con-sequences of default.The Society keeps complete files on all boats covering the doc-umentation required by the Standard. Reports will not be dis-closed to any party, apart from the National Authoritiesinvolved, without the owner's consent. The Society also under-takes all reporting to National Authorities required, in connec-tion with the safety certificates.

5.2 Who needs certificates?Certificates serve as a verification system for a number of par-ties who have special interest in the safety and quality of ships,vessels and boats, such as:

— National Authorities, who need assurance that vessels aresafe to use and represent a minimum hazard to their sur-roundings.

— Insurance underwriters, who need to know the standard ofthe vessel in order to assess the insurance fee for the ves-sel.

— Owners, who need the technical standard as basis forbuilding contracts and to document the standard whenseeking insurance or financing, or when hiring out or sell-ing the vessel.

— Building yards and sub-contractors, who use the Standardas a tool for design and construction, as required by theirclient, to avoid technical barriers to trade and to obtain ac-cess to markets which require certificates.

— Manufacturers, who use certification as a part of their doc-umentation when they place their products on the market.

— Finance institutions, which use the classification standardas a documented indicator of the maintenance and value ofthe vessel in service.

— Charterers or cargo owners, who require confirmation ofthe standard before hire.

5.3 Certification of newbuildingsThe builder initiates the process by submitting a request forcertification to the Society. In response to a list of documenta-tion issued by the Society, the builder and sub-suppliers submitplans, specifications, related technical descriptions and data,including specification of materials, as required by the Stand-ard for approval.After examining the above documents, the Society informs thebuilder whether the design and arrangement of structure, ma-chinery and equipment is acceptable. If not, the Society maypropose modifications needed to meet the requirements.During the building period the Society carries out surveys atthe building yard. The method and extent of survey will be de-cided by the Society based on the acceptance of their qualitysystem and the certification system to be applied.The purpose of the surveys shall verify that the construction,components and equipment satisfy the Standard requirementsand are in accordance with the approved plans, that requiredmaterials are used, and that functional tests are carried out asprescribed by the Standard.When the boat is completed and the Society is satisfied that therequirements specified for the boat in question have been met,confirmed by the issuance of certificates and a boat markingplate.

6. Type Approval and Type Examination6.1 GeneralThe DNV Standard for Certification No.1.2 as amended ap-plies as basis for Type Approval. The Society is the certification body.Type Approvals will be listed and published on DNV website.

6.2 RequestRequests for Type Approval shall be submitted by the manu-facturer or his authorized representative to the Society.The request shall include:

— the name and address of the manufacturer and, if the re-quest is lodged by the authorized representative, his nameand address, in addition:

— the extent of approval (i.e. cargo/tanker version)— the technical documentation as specified by the Society.

6.3 DocumentationTo ensure that the technical documentation is in compliancewith the requirements, approval of the documentation is re-quired before issuance of the certificate.

6.4 Examination and testingTo verify that the type has been manufactured in conformitywith the Standard, survey of the type shall be carried out priorto issuing certificate.

6.5 CertificateWhere the type meets the provisions of the Standard, the Soci-ety shall issue a Type Approval or a Type Examination certif-icate to the applicant. The certificate shall contain the nameand address of the manufacturer, conclusions of the examina-tion, and conditions for its validity and the necessary data foridentification of the approved type.A list of the relevant parts of the technical documentation shallbe annexed to the certificate and a copy kept by the Society.If the manufacturer is denied a Type Approval or a Type Ex-amination certification, the Society will provide detailed rea-sons for such denial.The applicant shall inform the Society of all modifications tothe approved product.This additional approval is given in the form of an addition tothe original Type Approval certificate.

7. Product Certification7.1 GeneralIt is a condition that the product is Type Approved or Type Ex-amined to obtain a Product Certificate.The Society is the certification body.

7.2 ScopeThis module describes the procedure whereby a manufactureror his authorized representative checks and attests that theproducts subject to the provisions of this paragraph are in con-formity with the type as described in the Type Approval orType Examination certificate and satisfy the requirements ofthe Standard that apply to them.The manufacturer shall make sure that the manufacturing proc-ess ensures conformity of the products with the type as de-scribed in the Type Approval or Type Examination certificateand with the requirements that apply to them. The Society will carry out the examinations and tests in orderto check the conformity of the product with the requirements

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of the Standard by examination and testing of every product.Based on compliance with the above two latter conditions, themanufacturer shall affix the certification signboard to eachproduct.

7.3 SurveyAll products shall be individually examined and tested as setout in the relevant Standard, or equivalent tests shall be carriedout in order to verify their conformity with the type as de-scribed in the Type Approval or Type Examination certificateand the requirements of the Standard that apply to them.The manufacturer shall keep a record of all complaints and reme-dial actions relative to the products for a minimum of 10 years.

7.4 Product CertificateA Product Certificate is issued for the vessel on the basis of theType Approval or Type Examination Certificate and the sur-veys of the product under 7.3.

8. Type Certification Procedure for Life-boats

9. Example of Building Specification Man-ual for Lifeboats and Rescue Boats (Not to be considered as absolute requirements)

— Basic information— Boat manufacturer— Structural construction— Accommodation— Access openings and windows— Hook arrangement— Rudder and steering appliances— Engine installation— Fuel system— Electrical installation and lighting— Bilge system— Ventilation system— Special air support system— Fire extinguishing— Fire protection system— Equipment.

9.1 Basic information

9.1.1 Building specificationThe building specification shall give relevant information inwriting and/or on drawings for all items specified in the fol-lowing. All items in the specifications shall be listed.If the specification is relevant only for some boats of this type,such items shall be specially listed.

9.1.2 Statement by the boat manufacturerThe following statement shall be signed by a representative forthe manufacturer:

"As responsible for the manufacturer, I guarantee that certifiedboats of this type will be built in accordance with this specifi-cation and possible later alterations, and I am acquainted withthe fact that Type certification may be terminated if this is notcomplied with".

Date/PlaceSign._________________________for the Manufacturer

9.1.3 Application for certificationIntended use of the boat type, such as Fire-protected Lifeboat,Free Fall Life-boat with indication of Free Fall CertificationHeight etc. shall be specified. The rules and requirements fromvarious authorities, SOLAS regulations etc. which shall becomplied with and corresponding certificates which are re-quested, shall all be specified.

9.1.4 Basic informationThe following information shall be given under a separate itemof the specification:

Dimensions

Capacities

Table 8-1 Type Certification Process for Lifeboats

Phase 1Approval

— Request from manufacturer— Strength calculations— Quality assurance inspec-

tion system— Approval of specification

with drawings.

Phase 2Construction of prototype

— Survey of manufacturing premises

— Approval of raw materials:— Fire retardant polyester— Tension and bending

strength— Fire retardant laminate

(MSC Circ. 1006)— Buoyancy material— Equipment certification— Survey of arrangement and

installation.

Phase 3Testing of prototype

— According to Res. MSC 81(70), Part 1, reported on forms in MSC Circ. 980.

Boat type …………..............................................Boat manufacturer ………………………………………Address ………………………………………Telephone ………………………………………

Length overall of hull incl. fender (m) ……Breadth overall of hull incl. fender (m) ……Draft incl. keel, rudder, propeller etc. (m) ……Height above water line (lightship/loaded) (m) ……Freeboard midship, loaded (m) ……Weight of boat empty (kg) ……Weight of boat, fully equipped (kg) ……Weight of boat, fully manned (kg) ……

Number of persons (no. persons) ……Tank volume: fuel (litres) ……Tank volume: freshwater (litres) ……Tank volume: stores (litres) ……Tank volume: equipment (litres) ……Quantity of buoyancy material (litres) ……Additional (kg) ……

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Propulsion

Oars, number and length (no.)…………..(m)…………

9.1.5 Drawings with proper scale and revision number, general

a) General Arrangement seen from aft, side and topb) Seat Arrangement c) Hull Lines d) Arrangement of signboards giving operating instructionse) System arrangement drawings.

9.1.6 Calculations of

a) Strength of hull, superstructure etc. with framing and rein-forcements for hooks, foundations, rails etc. where testingto rupture is practically impossible

b) Weight c) Volume of buoyancy materials d) Stability, including effect of buoyancy volumes when the

boat is filled with water (optional as stability always willbe tested).

9.1.7 Instructions Instructions for use of the boat including:

a) Description of launching procedure with specification ofthe jobs to be carried out by the crew

b) Start and operation of engine, when operating waterborneas well as before launching

c) For Fire-protected Lifeboats description of the operatingof the water spray system

d) For lifeboats with a Self-contained Air Support System, de-scription of the operation of this system

e) Description for routine check and maintenance of the life-boat/rescue boat.

9.1.8 Additional informationSalesmen's brochures, etc. to be enclosed, if any.

9.2 Boat manufacturer

9.2.1 OrganisationInformation about conditions on responsibility and organisa-tion of production departments.

9.2.2 Quality assurance systemDescription of the manufacturer's internal quality assurancesystem.

9.3 Structural construction

9.3.1 Materials Specification of materials used, GRP, aluminium, steel etc.and dimensioning strength properties of the respective materi-als for the finished boat.For reinforced plastic materials information shall be givenabout type of resin as well as for the reinforcement adopted.This shall include a type approval certificate. Correspondingly,full information shall be given about type of core materials aswell as foam material for buoyancy elements, seat padding etc.

9.3.2 Mould equipmentDescription and number of the moulds to be used.

9.3.3 Moulding/building procedureA chronological description of the construction of hull, deckand superstructure etc. in the separate moulds specifying layup of materials, adaptation and curing.Description of laminate connections between large sectionssuch as hull/superstructure, hull/double bottom etc. shall begiven, preferably shown on drawings.Where the joining of complete sections, e.g. hull to superstruc-ture, also includes the connection of frames, girders, etc. de-tails of the joints shall be given.Specification of building stage at which the buoyancy volumesare foamed and how.

9.3.4 Drawings requiredThe following structural elements shall be shown on separatedrawings or in combination, if appropriate.

a) Midship section and sections fore and aftb) Longitudinal sectionc) Deck pland) Double bottom structuree) Engine foundation etc. f) Reinforced areas in way of hooksg) Buoyancy elementsh) Fender arrangement, rails, handholds, safety lines etc.

Drawings shall show plate/laminate thicknesses and scantlingsof framing.For reinforcements in way of lowering hooks etc., the transmitof forces to the neighbouring hull elements shall be indicated.If tanks for fuel, equipment etc. are recessed into the mainstructure, the appropriate elements shall be detailed.

9.4 Accommodation

9.4.1 Seat construction Drawing showing shape of seating and scantlings includingconnection to hull.Type and thickness of padding, including material characteris-tics.

9.4.2 Seat belts etc.Type of safety harness to be used. Strength and type of materi-al, lock etc. to be given.

9.4.3 Helmsman’s position and seating Arrangement for operation of the boat from helmsman's seat tobe specified.

9.4.4 Equipment Location and access to equipment onboard to be specified.

9.4.5 Stretchers Location of stretchers, stowed and with people.

9.5 Access openings and windows

9.5.1 Hatches, doors Drawings showing type, dimensions and scantlings of hatches/doors in sides/deck for embarkation, for direct access to helms-man's seat and for the operation of towing hooks forward andaft. Packing arrangement for watertightness. Securing ele-ments for open as well as closed position.

Engine type ……Engine installation (kW) ……Speed loaded (knots) ……Fuel consumption at max. speed (litres/hour) ……

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9.5.2 Windows Type, scantlings, size and connection of all windows. Clearview in all directions from the helmsman’s seat to be indicated.

9.6 Hook arrangement

9.6.1 Hook arrangement Arrangement of release hooks to be given. Release system forhooks, ordinary as well as emergency operation, to be detailed.

9.6.2 HooksDrawing of hooks with material specification and calculationof critical welds etc.Specification of hook type approval certificate, tests includingdescription of connection of hook to testing machine, andspecifying when yielding will take place in elements which arecritical for the release of the hook.

9.6.3 Ramp for free-fall lifeboatsDrawing of sliding ways with description of how to vary thelaunching angle, if possible.

9.7 Rudder and steering appliances

9.7.1 Rudder and stern frame Drawing of rudder and stern frame with information about ma-terials and scantlings.

9.7.2 Steering appliances Drawing of steering appliances, including information aboutemergency steering.

9.8 Engine installation

9.8.1 Engine Information about engine/gear/drive/propeller to be used. Pro-tection of propeller against damage, noise reduction etc. to bespecified.

9.8.2 Emergency start etc. Information on emergency start appliances. Type and capacityof engine heater.

9.8.3 Exhaust Type and location of exhaust installation, pipes and silencer.

9.8.4 Engine compartment insulation Type of insulation. Insulation of hot components.

9.8.5 Cooling system Components, hoses etc., and locality of sea water intake andoutlets. Temperature monitoring of engine.

9.9 Fuel system

9.9.1 Tank Tank with foundations, location, connections and survey ac-cessibility to be described. Drawing of tank with materials andscantlings to be enclosed.

9.9.2 Pipe/hose arrangementTypes, arrangement, mounting and survey accessibility to bedescribed including any below-waterline valves.

9.10 Electrical installation and lighting

9.10.1 Wiring diagram Wiring diagram showing location and section of every circuitand location of components. Location onboard of componentslike master switch, fuses etc. to be given. Type and capacity ofwires, batteries and arrangement of same.

9.10.2 Light Information on arrangement and type of lighting equipment in-side and outside, including Type Approval certificate.

9.10.3 Radio Equipment for radio, including batteries.

9.11 Bilge systems etc.

9.11.1 Bilge system Location/capacities of pumps and valves.

9.11.2 Drainage of open areas Details of self-drainage arrangement or pumping arrangementto be specified.

9.11.3 Drainage of boat when stowed Drainage of boat when in state of readiness.

9.12 Ventilation system

9.12.1 Ventilation of engine compartment Mode of action and capacity of both natural and mechanicalventilation.

9.12.2 Ventilation of accommodation Location, areas and mode of action.

9.13 Special air support system

9.13.1 Capacity and instrumentation For lifeboats with a self-contained air support system, draw-ings and full information/calculation shall be given on how theair supply will be maintained within the required pressure var-iations, and the instrumentation necessary for verification.

9.14 Fire extinguishing

9.14.1 Fire extinguishing equipment Type, size, location of hand held fire extinguisher(s).

9.15 Fire protection system

9.15.1 Sprinkler system For lifeboats with a fire protection system, drawings and fullinformation shall be given on type and capacity of pump andpiping, inboard as well as outboard, with arrangement of noz-zles, and including operation details for the system. Fresh wa-ter flushing arrangement to be included.

9.16 Equipment

9.16.1 Towing and mooring equipment Information on towing arrangements forward and aft, and de-tails on how the forward tow may be released from inside anenclosed boat.

9.16.2 Detachable fender arrangement If an additional fender arrangement is required during launch-ing, arrangement and scantlings for the system shall be given,including specification of the release operation.

9.16.3 Store tanks Specification of type, size and location of the following to begiven:

— equipment tanks — food tanks — water tanks — water tight battery boxes.

9.16.4 List of equipment List of standard equipment onboard shall be given.

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10. General Technical Requirements10.1 General requirements for lifeboats and rescue boatsAll lifeboats shall be designed and built according to the LSACode, IMO Res. MSC 48(66) as amended.

10.2 External arrangement

10.2.1 MarkingThe number of persons for which the boat is equipped shall bemarked outside the boat.The lifeboat identification shall consist of the signal letters ofthe parent ship and the number of the lifeboat. Both shall bepainted or pasted on the top of the covering. The letters shall be not less than 80 cm and 8 cm of height andwidth of the letter respectively or as large as possible. This isnot required for rescue boats.The lifeboat shall at the top and on the sides of the superstruc-ture be supplied with right angle crosses, each consisting of 2reflex bands of approved type and size at least 5 x 30 cm.Crosses to be distanced not more than 1.0 m apart measuredfrom the centre of the crosses.Retro-reflective material shall be included on the bottom of theboats which are not self-righting.

10.2.2 AccessThe non-skid finishing shall at least have the same effect assand in the topcoat or painting.

10.2.3 LifelinesThe middle of the aftermost beckets of the lifeline shall beplaced approximately 1.5 m forward of the propeller.The lifelines shall be properly fastened as close to the gunwaleas possible.

Note:The distance between fastening points shall be approximately600 mm. The beckets shall reach approximately 75 mm abovelight waterline.

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10.2.4 HandholdsThe handholds at the bottom of non self-righting boats shallhave a diameter of approximately 25 mm. They shall be fittedapproximately 75 mm above the covering and extend at leasthalf the length of the boat and be above the water-level whenthe boat is capsized.

10.2.5 External fendersFenders and skates shall be made of material that will maintainits qualities for the expected lifetime of the lifeboat, in heat andcold and repeating impact. Furthermore the material shall beresistant to corrosion, moisture, oil, fungus attack etc.If such fenders will disturb the propulsion and manoeuvrequalities of the boat, the fender shall be easily releasable frominside the boat.

10.2.6 Release arrangementThe manual power necessary to operate the release arrange-ment shall be reasonable, not too heavy and not too light.If the release handle has been activated and the mechanismhereby is opened, back-guiding of the release handle shall notbe possible, unless the boat hooks are reverted to its closed po-sition. The release mechanism shall not be possible to put in a

position between the opened or closed position, which means,that the hook shall be either completely open or completelyclosed. After release the release mechanism shall remain open,until it manually is put in closed position.The time from activating until the release system is ready forrelease shall be maximum 15 seconds. The actual release shallbe immediate and from a single operation.The release mechanism is subject to a separate approval in ac-cordance with the LSA Code.The manufacturer shall provide detailed maintenance instruc-tions for the on-load release gear for annual and 5 yearly serv-icing.Both on-load and off-load operating instruction shall be postedinside the boat visible for the helmsman.

10.2.7 FittingsThe lifeboats shall be supplied with all necessary fittings formoorings, catch-line, sea-anchor, canopy, antennas etc.

10.3 Size and floatability

10.3.1 SeatingThe area around the seats shall be fitted with padding or equalarrangement to protect the persons onboard. The minimum height of 350 mm between seat and footrestshall also be kept between seat and floor, except for free-falllifeboats.

10.3.2 Height insideThe vertical heights specified in LSA Code 4.4.1.8 shall bemeasured at the gangway or where walk is intended.The vertical height above seats, benches and thwarts and theinside of the superstructure or canopy shall be at least 900 mm.

10.3.3 Hatches and helmsman’s towerThe superstructure shall be supplied with an adequate quantityof boarding hatches each with a free opening of at least 900 x600 mm.A combination of deck and side hatches can be approved.Hatches on the sides shall not have hinges on the lower edge.The hinges shall be of a non-corrosion material and be of self-lubricating type.Sliding hatches may be approved.On the superstructure a helmsman’s tower shall be arrangedwith windows or port-lights, which allow free sight in all direc-tions from the steering position.The helmsman’s tower shall at the top have a hatch with freeopening of at least 600 x 600 mm, respectively 700 mm in di-ameter.The aft part of the superstructure shall be arranged with a hatchwith free opening of at least 600 x 600 mm, respectively 700mm in diameter, from where it will be possible to connect theaft lifting hook.The hatch can be omitted if the aft hook can be safely operatedfrom the hatch at the top of the helmsman’s tower without dis-turbing the helmsman.The fore part of the superstructure shall be arranged with ahatch with a free opening of at least 600 x 600 mm, respective-ly 700 mm in diameter, from where it will be possible to con-nect the forward lifting hook. Under this hatch it shall bepossible to stand with a part of the upper body out of the hatchto throw and recover a sea anchor. This does not apply for free-fall lifeboats.

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10.3.4 AccommodationThe inner part of the hull, the superstructure and fixed equip-ment etc. shall not have sharp edges or projections.The inner side of the superstructure and its installations andequipment shall be of a light colour.The helmsman’s position shall be arranged under the towerand the helmsman shall be able to manoeuvre the boat safelyboth sitting in his chair and standing with the head and a partof the upper body out of the hatch at the top of the tower.

10.4 Strength

10.4.1 General strengthFor boats with maximum speed 10 knots or more, the hullstrength, scantlings and reinforcements of the lifeboat shall beaccording to DNV Rules for Certification of Craft 2007 asamended.Strength of boats with maximum speed below 10 knots will beverified by speed, drop and impact tests only.

10.5 Propulsion

10.5.1 Engine operating systemUse of 220 V heaters when the boat is in its stowed position isacceptable, provided the heaters are connected to a separatesupply. Hence, the battery charger supply voltage is kept be-low 50V and in compliance with the LSA-Code requirement.

Note:Limitations on shipboard arrangements must be adhered to.

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At the helmsman’s position the following engine functionsshall be operable: Start and stop of engine, manoeuvre for-ward, aft, neutral, regulation of revolutions per minute of theengine and activation control for fire-protecting- and air sup-ply systems if fitted on board. At the helmsman’s position there shall also be instruments,lights etc. showing temperature, lubricating oil pressure andnumber of revolutions per minute.

10.5.2 Engine casingFire insulation shall be applied inside the engine casing if notGRP laminate which has passed tests as described in MSCCirc. 1006 is used. The material shall have surface preventingoil or similar products penetrating into the insulation. The in-sulation material shall be approved as non-combustible mate-rial, which means, that it shall be approved in accordance withIMO FTP Code, Annex 1, Part 1.

10.5.3 Engine installationEngine air intake in partially enclosed boats shall be drip-proofup to a height of at least 0.50 m above the gunwale amidships.In totally enclosed boats the air intake shall be watertight up toa height of at least 0.10 m above lower edge of the boardinghatch, or at least 0.10 m above the connection between hull andsuperstructure, whichever is the higher.Exhaust pipes shall be led outboard such that the exhaust gaseswill not inconvenience the persons onboard and such that wa-ter will not enter the engine when the boat is water filled orcapsized.The exhaust pipe outlet shall minimum be 50 cm above thegunwale.All pipes which have connection to the sea under the fullyloaded waterline shall be supplied with valves mounted direct-ly on the hull side easily accessible from inside.

10.5.4 Propeller and shaftThe propeller shall be screened by at least 3 longitudinal rodson each side bound to a circular ring around the propeller, or a

similar arrangement accomplishing at least the same protec-tion.Shafts and other moving parts inside the boat shall be screened.

10.5.5 Steering arrangementAt 6 knots forward speed the turning diameter of the fully load-ed boat shall be maximum 2 boat lengths. At astern speed the turning diameter of the fully loaded boatshall be maximum 10 boat lengths.The rudder shall be permanently fitted and secured to the boat.It shall, however, be possible onboard the ship to demount therudder of the boat for repair without affecting the boat’s struc-tures.The rudder shall be arranged with adequate rudder stop and befitted in a protected position. It shall be demonstrated by a testwith the boat backing at full power that the rudder arrangementis not harmed by overload when the rudder is turned to maxi-mum angle.If the emergency tiller can be demounted it shall be securedwith a suitable strap fastened to the boat.The tiller shall be able to be used without any risk of hurtingskin in frosty weather.

10.5.6 Fuel systemThe fuel system shall be pressure tested to at least 0.2 bar.

10.6 Other installations

10.6.1 Bilge and draining systemAll lifeboats shall be provided with at least 1 fixed hand pumpof adequate capacity.Boats with a length of 8.5 m and more shall be provided withat least 2 pumps.The suction end shall be provided with a strainer. This is notrequired for membrane pumps.Handgrips shall be suitable for use in frosty weather.

10.6.2 Electrical installationThe electric cables shall be double isolated. Hull, machinery-/engine parts shall not be used as return cir-cuit.Cables in the fixed installation shall have a cross section, largeenough to prevent a drop of voltage exceeding 6 per cent; thecross section shall, however, be at least 1.5 mm2.All cables shall be made up of multiple copper wires in accord-ance with 2007 DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.4Ch.8 Sec.9 A103 as amended or of a type with similar capaci-ties acceptable to the Society.Batteries shall be of a type where the electrolyte cannot escapein case the boat is capsizing.For connection to the ship, a solid and approved socket shall beplaced on the outside of the boat. It shall be placed near one ofthe ends, be clearly marked and not influence or delay the prep-aration and embarkation of the lifeboat.The electric installation shall be so arranged that water fillingof the boat to the deepest waterline by leakage will not put theelectric installation out of function (see the Note below).

Note:This requirement shall be verified by inspection, not by water ac-tually filling the boat.

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Weather exposed equipment shall minimum be of IP grade 56.Non-weather exposed equipment shall minimum be of IPgrade 44.

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Fuses shall as a minimum be included between the batteriesand the charger, and for all consumers.

10.6.3 LightsThe lamps mentioned in LSA Code 4.4.7.10 can be lamps withown batteries.

10.6.4 RadioThe battery for radio installation shall not be used as energysource to the starting system for the boat engine.

10.7 Equipment

10.7.1 Lockers and containersWatertight containers shall be of such size and constructionthat the prescribed food rations can be kept safely. The con-tainers may be made as integral parts of the construction of theboat or as separate tanks, satisfactorily fastened to the boat.Containers made of steel shall be galvanised. Alternatively,corrosion resistant materials shall be applied. Hatches shall besuch that they can be easily opened and closed without use oftools.The steps of the boarding ladder shall be rigid.

10.8 Raw materials

10.8.1 GeneralThe raw materials for GRP hull construction shall be approvedfor use in lifesaving appliances. Relevant standards may be ob-tained by contacting DNV, MTPNO378 Materials Technologyand Pressure Equipment. Alternatively they may be found at:http://inside.dnv.com/orgunit/maritime/cmc_portal/ Services_and_disciplines/ Technical_disciplines/ materialtechnology/Type_Approval_K.asp

11. Additional Requirements for Special Boat Types11.1 Totally enclosed lifeboats

11.1.1 EnclosureThe superstructure shall be made watertight and shall have awell rounded shape to prevent damage during launching of theboat.The superstructure with deck and openings shall be so con-structed that boarding both from the ship and from the sea canbe easily done and permit persons to be lifted from the boat bya helicopter.At the top of the superstructure hand rails with a diameter ofapproximately 25 mm and with a free distance to the super-structure of approximately 75 mm shall be arranged all alongthe deck. The hand rails shall extend as far forward and aft aspossible. The hand rails shall not have ends or constructions,which will be of obvious danger at for example helicopter op-erations. Water-spray pipes may be accepted as hand-rails.Around the boarding hatch hand rails with a diameter of ap-proximately 25 mm and with a free distance to the superstruc-ture of approximately 75 mm and with an extension to providesafe boarding shall be arranged.

11.1.2 AccommodationEach seat shall be supplied with 4 points safety belt with 1 lockwhich can be operated even in the dark and wearing workinggloves.

11.1.3 VentilationA ventilation arrangement shall be arranged so that under allweather conditions, when hatches and windows are closed,there will be sufficient fresh air supply for the number of per-

sons for which the boat is approved and for engine combustionair and, if necessary, cooling air for the engine at full power.To obtain proper air circulation the forward ventilation open-ing shall supply air as low as possible into the boat. At 6 knotsspeed, the air changes shall be minimum 10 litre per person perminute in calm weather conditions. Ventilation openings shall be automatically closed in case ofcapsizing.Minimum one ventilation valve shall be fitted in the forwardpart of the boat. Minimum one ventilation valve shall be fittedin the aft part of the boat.

11.1.4 PropulsionAn installation to prevent air formation in the fuel system incase of capsize shall be arranged.The ventilation arrangement for the fuel tank shall be such asto prevent the fuel from flowing out and water from enteringthe tank in case of capsizing.

11.2 Lifeboats with self-contained air support system

11.2.1 CapacityThe air system shall have a capacity of at least 10 minutes sup-ply for the total number of people and engine, when the follow-ing conditions are accomplished:

1) The engine shall run with maximum load on propeller,pumps, generators etc.

2) The overpressure inside the boat shall remain between 5and 20 mbar.

3) For calculation of air capacity a maximum pressure in thebottles of 18 MPa (180 bar) shall be assumed and the bot-tles shall be regarded as empty at 1.2 MPa (12 bar).

4) The working pressure of the air bottles shall be maximum20 MPa (200 bar).

The capacity shall be calculated based on minimum air con-sumption as 10 litres per minute per person.

11.2.2 ArrangementBottles shall be arranged so that it is possible to assess theircondition. The bottle pressure and the reduced air pressure shall be read-able from the helmsman’s position. It shall also be possible toread the pressure on the bottles individually without manipula-tion of the piping system.From the helmsman’s position it shall be possible to read andadjust the pressure in the atmosphere inside the boat in relationto the outside pressure.The pipe system shall be so arranged that the bottles can be re-filled without being removed from the boat.At least 2 air nozzles shall be arranged as far forward and aft,respectively, as possible in the boat.The nozzles shall have screens.The air system in the boat shall be capable to operate at any an-gle of heel up to 180 degrees to each side.The superstructure of the boat shall be fitted with an overpres-sure valve, which shall open at an overpressure of maximum20 mbar.The superstructure of the boat shall be fitted with an underpres-sure valve, which shall open at an underpressure of maximum20 mbar.

11.2.3 ComponentsAny pipe installed shall be tested to a pressure at least 5 timesthe working pressure.

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11.2.4 Air bottlesThe air bottles shall be approved by a national authority and bemarked in accordance with the standard applied by the approv-al of the bottles.

11.3 Fire-protected lifeboats

11.3.1 Water spray systemThe water spray system shall be permanently installed andshall be capable of working effectively for at least 8 minutesand shall cover all the areas of the superstructure and hullabove the waterline.The suction of the water spray system shall be positioned aslow as possible in the boat.Start and stop of the water pump shall be an easy operation by1 person near the helmsman’s position.The pipe system should be arranged inside the boat in suchway that only the nozzles are placed outside the boat. Pipes to the nozzles arranged outside the boat can be acceptedif the free distance to the superstructure is less than 100 mm.The pipes shall be of corrosion resistant material. Inside flexible hoses may be accepted, if it can be shown thatthe heat conduction through a nozzle and its connection cannotdamage the hose or stop the water spray function.The system shall be easy to operate, and shall be so installedthat periodical testing can be undertaken when the boat isafloat as well as out of the water. The water pump shall not suf-fer damage, when the system is used without water.

11.4 Free-fall lifeboat

11.4.1 ArrangementExcept when the free-fall functions require special arrange-ments, outer and inner arrangement and equipment shall be asfor totally enclosed lifeboats.The release of free-fall launching, start of engine and manoeu-vre shall be activated from a position with good view inside theboat and adequate sight externally both forward, astern and toboth sides.If the lifeboat shall be entered in sloping position, all the floorplates shall have non-skid surface, or arranged with steps tomake the boarding easy.If necessary, the entrance to the seats shall be arranged withhandles and hand rails.To ensure adequate lighting in order for the occupants to beseated and fasten the seat belt properly, the inner side of theboat shall be well-illuminated, and be so arranged that light al-ways is switched on when the boat is in the davit.All portable equipment shall be safely secured against themaximum loads which can occur during free-fall launching.

11.4.2 Construction and strengthThe lowering and free fall hook arrangement, towing-cleatsetc. shall be tested to the same criteria as for lifeboats in gen-eral.The strength of the hull and superstructure, windows, hatchesetc. shall be designed with a safety factor of 6 against the freefall certification height load.Calculations on the hull verifying stresses of maximum 1/6 ofthe material strength shall be carried out by the manufacturerand submitted for information.Hull strength of free-fall lifeboats will be verified based onfree-fall impact testing only.

11.4.3 Seat arrangementFor optimum distribution of the load the seat back shall have acurvature with a radius of approximately 1 100 mm except forthe lowest 50 cm of the seat back which shall be straight. Asupport of the feet shall give an angle between the thighs andthe back of between 80 degrees and 100 degrees. The seat shallgive good support for a person’s seat and thighs in this posi-tion. The neck part of the seat shall give side support for thehead. The backrest part of the seat shall be located towards theforward end of the boat. The design of the seats shall be asshown in Fig. 11-1.

Figure 11-1Seat design

The seats shall be fitted with padding, distributing the weightof the body over the whole part of head-, back and seat. Thepadding shall have a thickness of between 25 and 50 mm. Thecompression of the padding shall not be more than 15 mmwhen loaded with an evenly distributed pressure of 1.5 kp/cm2.The surface of the padding material shall be easy to clean, bewatertight and have good mechanical strength.To each seat there shall be a restraint harness to prevent verti-cal, longitudinal and transverse movement of the person. Thecolour of the harness shall contrast the colour of the padding.There shall be a simple regulation system to make the harnessfit properly for persons of all sizes with survival suits on.If a head strap is used, the head strap may be made of a flexiblematerial keeping the head firmly against the padding.

11.5 Rescue boats

11.5.1 GeneralFender or buoyancy arrangement should be approved accord-ing to relevant ISO-standard.

11.5.2 ArrangementA stretcher area of 2.0 x 0.5 m shall be required, suitably for aperson lying flat.“Seaway” in respect of having sufficient mobility and manoeu-vrability as described by LSA Code 5.1.1.7 is wind force 7 andopen sea.A totally enclosed lifeboat may be approved as rescue boat,when all requirements in 1300 and LSA Code Ch. 5 are com-plied with. The boat shall have a deck where at least 2 personscan work and retrieve persons from the water, and bring per-sons on stretchers into the boat. The freeboard to this deck shallmake it possible for 2 persons taking a person under his arms,when lying in the water, simulating a condition of full exhaus-tion, and not wearing an immersion suit or life jacket.

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12. Manufacturing Conditions and Work-manship of GRP Boats12.1 Manufacturing premisesManufacturing premises shall be so equipped and arrangedthat the material supplier's directions for handling the materi-als, the laminating process, and curing conditions can be fol-lowed.The air temperature in the moulding shops shall not be less than+18°C. The stipulated minimum temperature shall be attained forat least 24 hours before commencement of lamination, and shallbe maintainable regardless of the outdoor air temperature. Thetemperature shall not vary by more than 3°C during lamination.Higher temperature is, however, allowed during curing.The relative humidity of the air shall be kept constant so thatcondensation is avoided and shall not exceed 80 per cent. In ar-eas with spray moulding, the air humidity shall not be less than40 per cent. The stipulated air humidity shall be maintainableregardless of outdoor air temperature and humidity.Air temperature and relative humidity shall be measured regu-larly and shall be recorded. In larger shops there shall be atleast one thermo-hydrograph for each 1 500 m2 floor areawhere lamination is carried out. The location of the instrumenton the premises shall be as neutral as possible.Draught through doors, windows etc. as well as direct sunlightis not acceptable in places when lamination and curing are inprogress.Manufacturing premises shall be kept clean, and as free fromdust as possible, so that raw materials and moulds are not con-taminated.The ventilation plant shall be so arranged that the curing proc-ess is not affected.

12.2 Storage premisesStorage premises shall be so equipped and arranged that thematerial supplier's directions for storage and handling of theraw materials can be followed.Storage premises for glass-fibre shall be kept clean, and as freefrom dust as possible, so that the raw material is not contami-nated. Glass-fibre parcels are also to be protected against rainand moisture. Polyester, gel-coat and the like shall not be stored at tempera-tures that will affect the qualities of the material. Raw materi-als stored at temperature lower than +18°C shall be heated tothe temperature in the moulding shop before use. Tanks forpolyester shall be equipped and arranged so that the contentcan be stirred every day.The glass-fibre material is, before being transferred to themoulding shop, to be stored at premises with a lower relativehumidity than the air of the moulding shops, and at an air tem-perature of at least +2°C higher than in the moulding shops. Ifsuch a storage of glass-fibre material is not possible, the mate-rial shall be stored for at least two days at premises with air ofthe same condition as in the moulding shops.

12.3 MaterialsRaw materials shall be approved by a recognised organisation.The fracture elongation of the applied gel-coat shall not be lessthan the fracture elongation of the applied polyester.In the submerged part of the hull the reinforcement layer nextto the gel-coat shall contain as little water-soluble bondingcomponents as possible, and normally spray-roving or powderbounded mats shall be used.The boat manufacturer has to keep all documentation related tothe raw materials, and has it available at request for inspection.The storage periods and the storage temperatures for polyestermaterials shall be within the limits specified by the supplier.

Curing/acceleration systems shall be selected with due regardto the reactivity of the polyester and in accordance with thesupplier's directions. Heat development during curing shall bekept at a safe level. The quantity of curing and accelerationagents shall be kept within the limits specified by the supplier.Core materials used in strength members shall be of approvedtype. Solid timber shall not be covered by laminate. Plywoodshall comply with all the requirements of British Standard1455-1972.Details of metal, which shall be laminated into the material,shall be corrosion resistant.

12.4 WorkmanshipAll laminates and stiffeners shall be protected by gel-coat andtopcoat. Edges of sandwich panels shall be moulded and pro-tected with gel-coat or topcoat.Gel-coat shall be applied in a thickness of at least 0.3 mm andnormally not more than 0.6 mm. The gel-coat is as far as prac-ticable to be applied by spraying. Downwards spread of thegel-coat is not acceptable. The gel-coat shall not be allowed tocure more than 24 hours before commencement of laminating.Structural parts should preferably be laminated by hand lay-upand/or spray moulding. Other lamination methods may be ac-cepted if extensive tests are carried out with satisfactory re-sults. Even polyester stored in drums shall be stirred beforeuse.Moulding of important hull members shall be carried out onlyby skilled workers under the supervision of a foreman experi-enced in the judging of the workmanship and the quality of thefinished laminate. The foreman is also to ensure that the pro-duction is in accordance with the Standard.Large structural parts shall be properly supported after remov-al from the mould.Moulding-in of stiffeners, equipment etc. is as far as possibleto be carried out in wet laminate. Laminate which has cured formore than 24 hours has to be cleaned to remove possible de-posit of wax and grinded so that the fibres are exposed prior toany further lamination of structural parts.After completion of lamination, the laminates shall be curedfor at least 48 hours at an air temperature of minimum +18°C.Curing at a higher temperature and shorter curing time may beaccepted on the basis of control of the curing rate.

12.5 Hand lay-upThe glass reinforcement shall be applied in approved se-quence. Next to the gel-coat a layer of mats or cloth of maxi-mum 450 g/m2 shall be applied; on surfaces with smallcurvatures up to 600 g/m2 may be accepted.Overlap of reinforcement material shall be at least 50 mm.Polyester resin should be applied between each layer of rein-forcement. Gas and air pockets shall be worked out of the lam-inate before the next layer is applied. Based on material testingit can be accepted that two or three layers can be applied be-tween each complete rolling. Rolling of each layer shall bemade carefully, paying attention to sharp transitions and cor-ners.The time interval between application of each layer of rein-forcement shall be within the limits specified by the materialsupplier. For thicker laminates care shall be taken to preventexcessive heat generation.

12.6 Spray mouldingThe term spray moulding shall be understood as simultaneousspraying of polyester resin and fibreglass reinforcement. Man-ufacturing premises for spray moulding method are subject tospecial approval.When approval of the manufacturing premises for spraymoulding methods is considered, special attention will be paid

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to production arrangement, ventilation equipment, internalproduct control and other factors of significance to the result.Spray moulding of hull, deck and other strength structuresshall be carried out only by spray operators which can verifythat they have skills and knowledge about materials, sprayequipment and workmanship.The equipment used for spray moulding shall give an even ho-mogenous build-up of the laminate with constant glass qualityover the whole exposure area. Any dosage devices shall ensurea smooth application of additives to the polyester resin. Cut fi-bres have to be at least 20 mm in length.During spray moulding there shall be an even application overthe entire surface. Regular rolling of the sprayed-on layersshall be carried out. Next to the gel-coat, rolling shall be donefor maximum 1.5 mm thickness of laminate thickness, subse-quently for at least 2.5 mm of the laminate thickness. The roll-ing shall be done thoroughly and with special care taken atsharp transitions and corners.

12.7 Lamination of sandwich panelsSandwich panels can be fabricated by lamination on the corematerial or by application of the core material against wet lam-inate. Bonding of the core material against cured laminate isconsidered in each individual case.Cellular plastic core with open cells in the surface, shall becoated with polyester before it is laid against wet laminate. Thewet laminate shall be reinforced by at least 450 g/m2 in planesurface and by at least 900 g/m2 The manufacturing process and workmanship shall be suchthat joints and gaps in the core are filled up with polyester orfiller materials.The laminate in which the core material is laid, shall set and gelbefore further moulding on the core material is permitted.

12.8 Laminate propertiesFully cured laminates shall be tested and shall comply with atleast the following requirements to mechanical properties:

Tensile strength and tensile modulus shall be determined inboth directions.Flexural strength and flexural modulus shall be determined inboth directions.The mean value of the measurements shall comply with the re-quirements. No single value shall be lower than 80 per cent ofthe value, used for the calculation.The glass content in cured laminate shall be minimum 27 percent and maximum 45 per cent by weight, measured in accord-ance with ISO/R 1172-1975. The glass content shall not varyby more than 4 per cent from the mean value. All individualvalues shall comply with these requirements.

13. Surveys, Tests and Control of Produc-tion13.1 Manufacturing of prototype

13.1.1 Documentation and approvalThe manufacturer shall submit building specification.The specification shall describe how the prototype is built,which materials and components are used, and the assembly ofthe boat.

Strength calculations of hull and hooks with fastenings shall beenclosed, showing that safety factors given in the Standard areobtained.The specification for the prototype shall correspond with therequirements for the boat type in question. The prototype shallbe representative for the boat type.The building specification will be the basis for the survey ofthe prototype manufacturing.

13.1.2 Survey of manufacturing premisesPrior to the manufacturing of the prototype the manufacturingpremises shall be surveyed to verify that production conditionsare representative for the intended series production and thatthey fulfil the requirements of the Standard.Survey of manufacturing premises shall be reported separate-ly.

13.1.3 Survey of laminationSurvey of lamination shall be reported separately.Thickness measurements shall be carried out on prototypes ofGRP. The number and location of the measuring points shallbe decided for each boat type.The requirements to laminate thickness are given in mm ex-cluding the thickness of gel and topcoat. The thickness of thelaminate measured on individual points shall not differ fromthe approved thickness by more than +30 per cent and –5 percent.

13.1.4 Material testingFor GRP boats material testing shall be undertaken to decidebending-and tensile strength and glass per cent of the laminate.The testing shall be carried out according to 12.8.

13.1.5 Survey of arrangement and installationsBefore the prototype testing a survey shall be carried out toverify that the arrangement and installation of the prototype arein accordance with the approved building specification.The survey shall verify that the arrangement and installationsare accessible for operation and maintenance.The survey of arrangement and installation shall be reportedseparately.

13.2 Test of prototype

13.2.1 GeneralPrototype tests shall be conducted according to IMO Res.MSC.81(70), Part 1, as amended.Tests shall be reported on non-edited forms in IMO Circ. 980.

13.2.2 Stability and self-rightingTo satisfy the requirement in LSA Code 4.6.3.3 the boat shalleither be self-righting in loaded and water filled condition andwith all boarding hatches in open position, or float with at leastone hatch above the water when 100 kg is loaded on the hatchopening.

13.3 Manufacturer's quality assurance of production

13.3.1 GeneralIf the manufacturer holds a MEDD-certificate according to theMarine Equipment Directive, the requirements in 13.1.2 isconsidered fulfilled.

13.3.2 Quality control standardsThis Standard is based on the following standards for controlof quality:

— AQAP-41 NATO Inspection System Requirements for In-dustry. Edition 2

— tensile strength, σs 80 N/mm2

— flexural strength, σb 130 N/mm2

— tensile modulus, Es 7 000 N/mm2

— flexural modulus, Eb 6 000 N/mm2

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— BS5750 Part 2 1979 Quality Systems Specifications forManufacture and Installation

— NS5802 Requirements to quality assurance. System forquality control.

The above mentioned standards do not consider product devel-opment and construction as these aspects are presumed fin-ished at an earlier stage for type certification. In manycountries it is, however, required that product developmentand constructions are subjected to a system of quality assur-ance. It is recommended that lifeboats are developed, producedand delivered in accordance with a complete standard for qual-ity assurance, e.g. NS 5801.The system of quality assurance shall be systematically estab-lished, approved and documented. Personnel engaged in workof importance for quality, shall have necessary qualifications.

13.3.3 OrganisationOne person within the organisation with defined responsibili-ty, authority, resources and freedom from the organisation toperform the following quality control shall be appointed.The responsibility and authority of this person shall be docu-mented.The quality control shall be so organised that the one who car-ries out the work, while making sure that the quality is ob-tained, the verification of achieved quality shall be carried outby another person.A flow chart of the Organisation shall show who has responsi-bility that the requirements of quality control are carried out.Instructions and schemes for every control function shall exist.The instructions shall give basis for real understanding and ef-fecting of the quality control, as well as continuity in the workeven with personnel changes.

13.3.4 SubcontractorsThe manufacturers shall ensure that products and servicesfrom subcontractors are in accordance with the specificationfor the boat type in question.At reception and storage of delivery from subcontractors, themanufacturer shall be able to identify the different parts, thecorrect use and for which boats they shall be used.Certificates for materials, components and equipment shall bekept available on request from the surveyors.It shall be possible to identify the items used for each boat.

13.3.5 Fibreglass workIn the shop where the moulding work is carried out, there shallbe a building specification for the boat in question.Those who carry out the work shall be competent to understandand carry out the work in accordance with the building speci-fication. The spray operator for each boat shall be identifiableand have documentation on his qualifications.

Before top coating, hull and deck thickness of every boat shallbe measured at least at 3 sections, forward, amidships and aft.The manufacturer shall have relevant and calibrated equipmentfor thickness measurement, and the measurement report shallalso state the approved minimum thickness for the boat type inquestion.Every hull and superstructure shall either be weighed after be-ing moulded, or the materials to be used shall be weighed be-fore moulding.Material testing shall be carried out at regular intervals verify-ing that the conditions at type certification are complied with,at least every time new material grades or new productionequipment are to be used.The air temperature and humidity in the premises shall be re-corded at regular intervals documenting that the requirementsof the Standard are complied with.It shall be verified that volumes which should be filled withfoam really are filled with foam of good quality and that cor-rect quantity of foam is used.It shall be confirmed by signature that the building specifica-tion for moulding and stiffening, and the requirements of theStandard are complied with.

13.3.6 InstallationsEach installation carried out in accordance with the buildingspecification, shall be confirmed by signature.

13.3.7 Final inspectionWhen the boat is ready a final control shall be undertaken byother persons than those who have done the work.Each new lifeboat and rescue boat shall be tested in accordancewith IMO Res. 81(70), Part 2, as amended.The final inspection shall also include a review of the qualitycontrol required in 13.3.2, 13.3.3, 13.3.4 and control of the fol-lowing:

— the weight of the boat— function and tightness of openings and closing appliances— alignment of the propeller installation— function of all installations— inspection of signboards and outside markings.

Verification documentation that the final inspection is carriedout shall follow the delivery of the boat.

13.3.8 Random inspectionThe certification authority shall carry out random inspection ofthe production.In connection with the random inspection the certification au-thority shall be kept informed about the number and types oflifeboats in production during the period.

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