dna/genetics study guide chapter 16- section 1. asexual reproduction is when a single parent has...
TRANSCRIPT
DNA/Genetics Study Guide
Chapter 16- Section 1
Chapter 16- Section 1
Asexual reproduction is when a single parent Has offspring identical to the parent
Three types of asexual reproduction are Budding Fragmentation Regeneration
Sexual reproduction is when offspring are formed when Genetic information from more than 1 parent
combines
Chapter 16- Section 1
Female parent produces sex cells called eggs
The male parent produces sex cells called sperm
A zygote is the first cell after fertilization Human body cells have 46 chromosomes Meiosis is
The division of 1 cell (46 chromosomes) into 4 cells (23 chromosomes)
Chapter 16- Section 1
In humans, meiosis is the division of one cell (46 chromosomes) into four cells that have 23 chromosomes each
Genetics information is found in genes
Genes are located On chromosomes
During fertilization, the egg and sperm Each contribute chromosomes to the zygote
Chapter 16- Section 1
External fertilization is When sperm fertilized the eggs outside of the
female body An example of external fertilization is
Clown fish, frogs Internal fertilization is
Sperm & egg join inside the female body An example of internal fertilization is
Most mammals
Chapter 16- Section 1
All mammals reproduce sexually or asexually?
EXPLAIN: Monotreme: lays eggs/hatch Marsupial: birth to partially developed live young Placental mammal: birth to developed live young
DNA/Genetics Study Guide
Chapter 16- Section 2
Chapter 16- Section 2
Pollination happens when Pollen is moved from the anthers to the stigmas
Pollen contains sperm
Explain how fertilization occurs in flowering plants…After the pollen lands on the stigma A tube grows from each pollen grain
Chapter 16- Section 2
Chapter 16- Section 2
Another word for dormant is Inactive
Seeds need water, air, and warm temperature to sprout
Three structures that asexual plants use are Plantlets Tubers Runners
DNA/Genetics Study Guide
DNA/Genetics Packet
DNA/Genetics Packet
Another name for trait would be Physical characteristics
Name two traits that giraffes have Colors / patterns / long necks / long legs
Define gene A section of DNA on a chromosome that controls
a trait T / F No two living things that are produced
by sexual reproduction-except identical twins-have exactly the same genes
DNA/Genetics Packet
What are some traits that make you unique Hair color, eye color, straight/curly hair, ear lobes,
height, blood type Who is credited with the discovery of the
structure of DNA James Watson and Francis Crick
The ladder of DNA is made of bases. These 4 bases are represented by the letters: A, T, G, and C
DNA/Genetics Packet
Which bases fit together A and T fit together G and C fit together
The difference in the sequences of base pairs in the genes allow The genes to give the cell an almost endless set
of instructions for controlling all the characteristics of an individual
DNA/Genetics Packet
Why is the information coded in the DNA of a giraffe so different from the information in your cells It’s different because the way in which the base
pairs are arranged on the rungs of the DNA ladder is different in a giraffe than it is in your body cells
DNA / Genetics Packet
DNA / Genetics Packet
How do organisms inherit traits?
From parents to offspring
Zygote 23 chromosomes and
23 chromosomes from the mother
The appearance of each child in the family results from the specific combination of genes
Pink snapdragons Roan calves Completely hiding the
effect of another gene Capital letters A gene whose effect
is hidden by another gene
Lower case letter
No title!
Purebred Hybrid Widow’s peak, rolling
tongue Freckles, red hair Mutation Albino
Sexual Determination
X and Y X X or Y Y-carrying Boy- XY X-carrying Girl-XX
X chromosomes Equal Y chromosomes Half Boys girls
Stem cell
Protozoa and bacteria Design and function Tissues Organs and systems Cells that continually
reproduce themselves
Marrow Blood, skin and other
organs Adult stem cells They can be found in
a cluster called blastocyst which is a developing human embryo
Why are scientists interested in stem cells
Leukemia, lymphoma Healthy stem cells Either a patient or a
donor Multiply and divide Healthy, disease-free Blood and immune Stem cells Treat and cure
Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer
Embryonic stem cells help sick and injured?
Because they are so flexible- they can effectively replace the damaged cells that cause many diseases and injury
Where do we get stem cells for research and medical use?
Umbilical cord Person’s body A microscopic, early
embryo Fertility treatments Nucleus Unfertilized Divide and multiply blastocyst
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Why are stem cells in the news so much?
Because the cells come from a microscopic human embryo, which is destroyed when the stem cells are extracted
How could stem cells cure disease?
Heart Left with scar tissue
on the heart and often face long term health problems
Produce new heart muscle cells. These are transplanted into the scarred area of the heart and regenerate damaged heart tissue
Solutions?
Produce new insulin producing cells. These cells would be transplanted into the patient where they would produce insulin inside the body