dna “the molecule of life”. do now what is dna? why is it important? who helped to discover dna...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA
“The Molecule of Life”
![Page 2: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Do Now
What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s
structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA looks
like.
![Page 3: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives
To explain the structure of DNA To identify the different types of bases and
which pair with which. To list the scientists involved in discovering
DNA.
![Page 4: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DNA
What do the letters stand for? DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Where is it found? In the nucleus (or nuclear region in
prokaryotes)
What is it used for? Blueprints of your genes/traits
![Page 5: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is DNA Made of?
Repeating units of nucleotides
![Page 6: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA STRUCTURE
Nucleotides: 5 carbon sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate Group Nitrogen base
![Page 7: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nitrogenous Bases
Purines Double ring structure *Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines Single ring structure * Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
![Page 8: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nitrogenous Bases
![Page 9: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Erwin Chargaff
Chargaff’s rule C= G T = A
![Page 10: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Draw in the complimentary sequence
ATGCTAATTCGCATCG
![Page 11: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rosiland Franklin
X-ray Diffraction use of photo 51
X-ray diffraction data helped solve the structure of DNA
Indicated that DNA was a double helix
![Page 12: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
X-Ray Crystallography
![Page 13: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Watson and Crick
Built a model of the double helix that conformed to the others’ research two outside strands consist of alternating
sugar and phosphate molecules cytosine and guanine bases pair to each other
by three hydrogen bonds thymine and adenine bases pair to each
other by two hydrogen bonds
![Page 14: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DNA Structure
DNA often is compared to a twisted ladder.
Rails of the ladder are represented by the alternating deoxyribose and phosphate.
The pairs of bases (cytosine–guanine or thymine–adenine) form the steps.
![Page 15: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Label the parts of the DNA molecule
![Page 16: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Structure Worksheet!
![Page 17: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Do Now
How does DNA get into EVERY cell of our bodies?
Is it the same in every cell? What is RNA? How is it different from DNA?
![Page 18: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Objectives
To understand how DNA is replicated. To compare and contrast DNA vs. RNA.
![Page 19: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
DNA Replication
Allows cells to get an exact copy of DNA.
![Page 20: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Steps to Replication
1- The two DNA strands unwind and separate.
![Page 21: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Steps to Replication
2- Nucleotides in the area around the DNA match up base by base with the nucleotides on each TEMPLATE DNA strand. All of the C’s pair with the G’s and all of the
A’s pair with the T’s.
![Page 22: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Steps to Replication
3- Each new molecule has one strand of new DNA and one from the original strand.
![Page 23: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Replication Animation
http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html
![Page 24: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is DNA responsible for again?
![Page 25: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
RNA is needed to make proteins!
What is RNA? Ribonucleic Acid
How is it different from DNA? Single Stranded Indefinite shape Uses “uracil” Contains Ribose
![Page 26: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Located in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm Brings genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
to make protein
![Page 27: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Types of RNA
Ribosomal (rRNA) Located within the ribosome Helps make the structure of the ribosome
![Page 28: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Types of RNA
Transfer (tRNA) Located in the cytoplasm Brings amino acids to ribosome to build
proteins.
![Page 29: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
DNARNAProtein
Transcription: Occurs in nucleus Create mRNA from DNA
Translation: Occurs in cytoplasm Takes mRNA and makes proteins with the
help of tRNA.
![Page 30: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
DNA vs. RNA worksheet!
![Page 31: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Do Now
What are the 3 types of RNA? What is the purpose of each of them? What are the names of the two processes
involved in making proteins?
![Page 32: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Objectives
To understand how mRNA is made. To determine how proteins are made through
the process of translation.
![Page 33: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Transcription
** Only individual genes are transcribed, not a whole DNA molecule.
What is the first step to making a protein?
![Page 34: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Transcription
Step 1: DNA molecule unwinds and separates just like in replication.
![Page 35: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Transcription
Step 2: RNA nucleotides match up with their complimentary bases on the template strand.
Practice: Write the complimentary mRNA strand from this DNA…
ATCGATGGCAAGCTA
![Page 36: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Transcription
Step 3: mRNA detaches once entire gene is done and the DNA recoils.
*Many copies of RNA can be made from the same gene in a short period of time.
![Page 37: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Translation
What happens in translation?
Where does this happen?
![Page 38: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Translation
Step 1: Translation begins when a ribosome attaches to the beginning end of an mRNA molecule.
*Translation MUST START AT THE LETTERS “AUG”.
* Every 3 letters on the mRNA is called a “Codon” that codes for a specific amino acid.
![Page 39: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
CODON BINGO!!
![Page 40: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Translation
Step 2: A tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid matches up to a complementary codon in the mRNA on the ribosome.
*tRNA molecules contain “Anticodons” which are 3 bases on the tRNA.
![Page 41: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Translation
Step 3: The ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA molecule. Amino acids are attached by PEPTIDE
BONDS.
![Page 42: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Translation
Step 4: The tRNA molecules are released after the amino acids they carry are attached to the growing chain of amino acids.
![Page 43: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Translation
Step 5: The ribosome completes the translation when it reaches a stop codon. The newly made protein molecules in the form of a chain of amino acids, is released.
![Page 44: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Practice!
Translate this mRNA sequence. *Remember to start and stop at the right
places!!
TCACTAUGCGGACGGACATTATCG
![Page 45: DNA “The Molecule of Life”. Do Now What is DNA? Why is it important? Who helped to discover DNA and it’s structure? Draw a picture of what you think DNA](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f215503460f94c399c5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Translation Practice Worksheet!