dna sequencing. taste test how can you run multiple tests on a small sample size?
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Replicate DNA regions• Quick process• Occurs within lab– No nucleus required
• 3 main steps– Denaturation– Annealing– Elongation
Gel Electrophoresis
• Chromatography-like• Uses chemical and physical properties of DNA• Separates fragments of DNA• Negative and positive terminals
Chain Termination Method
• Frederick Sanger– Sometimes referred to as Sanger method
• Labelled dideoxynucleotide (ddNTP)– Used as dyes– Stops elongation process
• Fluoresce under laser light
Whole-Genome Shotgun Method
• Craig Venter• Faster and longer sequences• DNA randomly cut– Passed through pressurized syringe
• Cloned in plasmids• Sequenced using Sanger method• Computer analyzes partial sequences
Bioinformatics
• Analyze sequences• Structural genomics– Locate genes within genome
• Functional genomics– Role proteins play
• Nanopore sequencing– Tiny sub-microscopic holes
• Microarray– Use probe to locate gene