dna, protein synthesis and heredity terminology. dna deoxyribonucleic acid two strands found in...
TRANSCRIPT
DNA• Deoxyribonucleic acid• Two strands• Found in nucleus of eukaryotic cell• Found in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell• Contains instructions for making an
organism’s proteins• Shaped like double helix- twisted ladder
RNA• Ribonucleic acid• One strand• Contains the base uracil instead of
thymine• Two types of RNA- messenger and
transfer• Contains the sugar- ribose
Transfer RNA• Type of RNA that carries an amino acid to the
ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain
Mutation• A change in the order of the bases in an organism’s DNA• There are three types of mutations: insertion, deletion, substitution
Mutagen• A substance or agent that can damage or
cause changes to DNA• Radiation is a one environmental mutagen
that may cause direct changes in a cell's DNA. For example: X-rays can break DNA sequences in many places, leading to chromosome rearrangement.
DNA BASES• A base is a part of a nucleotide- which is
a subunit of DNA• Bases make up the rungs of the ladder in
DNA• There are 4 bases: cytosine, guanine,
adenine and thymine
Meiosis• Cell division that produces sex cells
Four unique daughter cells from one parent cellEach daughter cell contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell