dm plan sapahar upazila noagaon district_english version-2014
DESCRIPTION
Bangladesh is a disaster prone country in the world. Due to Geographical disadvantage, the environment, losing balance of power, are facing various catastrophe like inundation, Tornados, drought, Erosion of river, earthquake, various cyclone, fogginess, white squall and so on. Bangladesh is river mothered country. The erosion of river for over flow of water, destroy the location of river side and all the inhabitants lose their all sort of livelihood and livestock and took shelter being pauper in the hovel on the high land or roads. Not only that, but also, men and industries’ created catastrophe become the bane for calamity and people use to live in alarming plight. And also, by the horrific effect, all sort of assets, lives, livelihood, livestock and other resources of the locality may fall in danger. It does not destroy only the located people, also create obstacle for National and economical resources of the country. Though it is a disaster prone country but long term’ Disaster Management plan’ has not been prepared for saving the human being, their all sort of resources, livelihood, animals and other asset, rather have been given importance to rehabilitation and on relief. Recently Government of Bangladesh has taken an initiative on the subject ‘Disaster Management Planning’ through CDMP 2. To implement the plan in action, primarily has taken an initiative for indication ‘Disaster Risk’ through conversation with all sorts of local people, Union and Upazila Management Committee. For Preparedness and reducing risk ‘Disaster Management Plan’ has provided to Badalgachhi Upazilla by indicating ‘local disaster risks’ through ‘Disaster Management Plan’ which will be efficacy for the forthcoming days.At the time to providing the Plan all classes of people like male, female, cultivator, landless people, aged person, local elite persons, Union and Upazila Disaster Management Committee Members (UzDMC) were congregated. Locally this conspicuous doings have been done by the hard toiling of Shushilan Staffs and related analysis individuals. Disaster Management Committee of Badalgachhi Upazilla under Naogaon District have provided this plan by efficacy toiling and restless endeavor. All kinds of important heart rending calamities as, awareness creation among family members and locality, to take preparation for facing risk would have to use local recourses, replacement of living assets and people to a safety place, rescue impediment people, necessary goods indication, and relief distribution have been included in the Upazila ‘Disaster Management Plan’. If that plan come into being all kinds of calamities would be reduce and all sorts of materials of the people would be safe. Not only that, but also have included preparation before and after disaster, mitigation disaster by using Local resources, social assets, safety places, indication the causes of disaster, disaster warning sign, mostly disaster prone location, climate changes and its horrific effect, development sectors and name of the local volunteers as well as organization.I am giving thanks from my core of heart to those very persons who have taken part and have given advice, like all Government and Non-Government Organizations and local persons to perform the conspicuous act in good manner. I am confident; this Disaster Management Plan which has prepared by the coherent cooperation of local people, Local Governances and other local organizations should help to Disaster Management Committee and other sectors (Government, International and National NGO, as well as Donor) to perform all acts as a overall plan.TRANSCRIPT
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Preface
Bangladesh is a disaster prone country in the world. Due to Geographical disadvantage, the
environment, losing balance of power, are facing various catastrophe like inundation,
Tornados, drought, Erosion of river, earthquake, various cyclone, fogginess, white squall
and so on. Bangladesh is river mothered country. The erosion of river for over flow of water,
destroy the location of river side and all the inhabitants lose their all sort of livelihood and
livestock and took shelter being pauper in the hovel on the high land or roads. Not only that,
but also, men and industries created catastrophe become the bane for calamity and people use to live in alarming plight. And also, by the horrific effect, all sort of assets, lives,
livelihood, livestock and other resources of the locality may fall in danger. It does not destroy
only the located people, also create obstacle for National and economical resources of the
country. Though it is a disaster prone country but long term Disaster Management plan has not been prepared for saving the human being, their all sort of resources, livelihood, animals
and other asset, rather have been given importance to rehabilitation and on relief. Recently
Government of Bangladesh has taken an initiative on the subject Disaster Management Planning through CDMP 2. To implement the plan in action, primarily has taken an initiative for indication Disaster Risk through conversation with all sorts of local people, Union and Upazila Management Committee. For Preparedness and reducing risk Disaster Management Plan has provided to Sapahar Upazilla by indicating local disaster risks through Disaster Management Plan which will be efficacy for the forthcoming days. At the time to providing the Plan all classes of people like male, female, cultivator, landless
people, aged person, local elite persons, Union and Upazila Disaster Management Committee
Members (UzDMC) were congregated. Locally this conspicuous doings have been done by
the hard toiling of Shushilan Staffs and related analysis individuals. Disaster Management
Committee of Sapahar Upazilla under Naogaon District have provided this plan by efficacy
toiling and restless endeavor. All kinds of important heart rending calamities as, awareness
creation among family members and locality, to take preparation for facing risk would have
to use local recourses, replacement of living assets and people to a safety place, rescue
impediment people, necessary goods indication, and relief distribution have been included
in the Upazila Disaster Management Plan. If that plan come into being all kinds of calamities would be reduce and all sorts of materials of the people would be safe. Not only
that, but also have included preparation before and after disaster, mitigation disaster by
using Local resources, social assets, safety places, indication the causes of disaster, disaster
warning sign, mostly disaster prone location, climate changes and its horrific effect,
development sectors and name of the local volunteers as well as organization.
I am giving thanks from my core of heart to those very persons who have taken part and
have given advice, like all Government and Non-Government Organizations and local
persons to perform the conspicuous act in good manner. I am confident; this Disaster
Management Plan which has prepared by the coherent cooperation of local people, Local
Governances and other local organizations should help to Disaster Management Committee
and other sectors (Government, International and National NGO, as well as Donor) to
perform all acts as a overall plan.
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Table of Content
Preface i
Index ii
List of Table iv
List of Figure v
List of Graph v
List of Map v
Chapter one: Introduction to Local Area 1-11
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objectives of Planning 2
1.3 Introduction to Sapahar Upazilla 2
1.3.1 Geographical Location of Zill/ Upazilla 3
1.3.2 Area of Sapahar Upazilla 3
1.3.3 Demography 5
1.4 Structural and Non-structural Information 5
1.4.1 Infrastructure 5
1.4.2 Social Resource 6
1.4.3 Weather and Climate 8
1.4.4 Others 9
Chapter Two: Disaster, Hazard and Vulnerability 12-28
2.1 History of Disaster 12
2.2 Hazards of the Upazila 13
2.3 Description of Different Types of Hazards with Present and Future
Illustration 13
2.4 Vulnerability and Capability 14
2.5 Most Vulnerable Area 17
2.6 Main Development Sectors 19
2.7 Social Map
21
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2.8 Hazard and Risk Map 21
2.9 Seasonal Calendar of Hazard 24
2.10 Seasonal Calendar of Livelihood 25
2.11 Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood 25
2.12 Sector-wise Risk and Hazard 26
2.13 Climate Change and Its Possible Effect 27
Chapter Three: Disaster Risk Reduction 29-45
3.1. Identification of Risk Reason 29
3.2. Ways of Risk Reduction 31
3.3. NGO Development Planning 34
3.4. Disaster Management Action Plan 37
3.4.1. Pre Disaster Preparation 37
3.4.2. During Disaster Preparation 40
3.4.3. Post Disaster Preparation 42
3.4.4. Preparation for Normal Period 44
Chapter Four: Emergency Response 46-60
4.1. Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) 46
4.1.1. Emergency Control Room Management 46
4.2. Planning for Hazard Period 48
4.2.1. Preparing the Volunteers 51
4.2.2. Warning Announcement 51
4.2.3. Measures for Translocating People 51
4.2.4. Rescue and First Aid Service 51
4.2.5. Shelter Management 51
4.2.6. Preparing Boats 52
4.2.7. Measuring the Damage and Need of Disaster and
sending Report 52
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4.2.8. Management of Relief Activity 52
4.2.9. Collecting and Preserving Dry Food and Life-
saving Medicines 52
4.2.10. Ailment/ Vaccin for Livestock 52
4.2.11. Arrenging Rehearsals 52
4.2.12. Emergency Control Room Management 53
4.2.13. Shelter Centres/ Safe Places 53
4.3. List and Description of Safe Places of Zilla/ Upazilla 53
4.4. Formation of Shelter Management Committee 54
4.5 List of Resources of Zilla/ Upazilla(usable during disaster) 57
4.6. Finance 57
4.7. Updating and Analizing Work Plan 58
Chapter Five: Rescue and Rehabilitation Plan 61-77
5.1 Damage Assessment 61
5.2 Rapid/ advance recovery 62
5.2 .1 Administrative re-establishment 62
5.2.2 Wreckage Cleaning 62
5.2.3 Resumption of public services 63
5.2.4 Emergency Livelihood Assistance 63
Annex 1 Check List of Emergency Plan Implementation 64
Annex2 Upazila Disaster Management Committee 66
Annex3 List of Upazila Volunteers 68
Annex 4 List of Shelter Management Committee 69
Annex 5 Sapahar Upazila at a glance 71
Annex 6 List of some important Broadcast Programs by Bangladesh Betar 72
Annex 7 Feedback of the Upazila Workshop Institutions 74
Annex 8 List of Educational 76
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Annex 9 Hazard Map (Shortage of Rain) 84
Annex 10 Hazard Map (Could wave) 85
Annex 11 Hazard Map (Drought) 86
Annex 12 Hazard Map (Fall of water table) 87
Annex 13 Hazard Map (Flood) 88
Annex 14 Hazard Map (River erosion) 89
Annex 15 Hazard Map (Storm) 90
Annex 16 Risk Map (Could wave) 91
Annex 17 Risk Map (Drought) 92
Annex 18 Risk Map (Fall of Water Table) 93
Annex 19 Risk Map (Flood) (Storm) 94
Annex 20 Risk Map (River Erosion) 95
Annex 21 Risk Map (Shortage of Rain) 96
Annex 22 Risk Map (Storm) 97
List of Table Page
Table1.1: Upazilla Union & Unionwise Name of Mouza 3
Table 1.2: Union basis male, female child, old, Disabled, Households and
voters 5
Table1.3: Maternal and Child Health Care 7
Table2.1: Name of Disaster, Year, Amount of Loss 12
Table2.2 :Hazard & Hazards Identification & priority 13
Table 2.3: Afflictions and Capability 14
Table 2.4: Affliction place, Causes, distressed people.
18
Table2.5: Coordination between development sector and disaster risk reduction 19
Table2.6: Month basis disaster calendar 24
Table2.7: Seasonal calendar of livelihood 25
Table2.8 Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood 26
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Table2.9: Sector-wise Risks and Hazards 26
Table2.10: Climate Change and Its Possible Effect 27
Table3.1: Cause of Risk 29
Table3.2 Identification of Ways of Risk Reduction 32
Table3.3: NGOs Development Plan 35
Table3.4: Pre-disaster Management Action Plan 37
Table3.5 During Disaster Preparation Management Action Plan 40
Table3.6: Post Disaster Preparation Management Action Plan 42
Table3.7: Regular Period Preparation Management Action Plan 44
Table4.1:Responsible person of Emergency Operation Center 46
Table4.2: Planning for Hazard Period 48
Table4.3: List and Description of Safe Places of Upazilla 53
Table 4.4 List and Description of Safe Places of Upazilla 56
Table4.5 List of Resources at the Upazilla (usable during disaster) 57
Table4.6: Plan Follow-up Committee contain five member 58
Table4.7: 7-Member Plan Implementation and Management Committee 59
Table5.1:Sector wise Damage Assessment in upzilla 61
Table5.2 Administrative Restoration committee in upzilla level 62
Table5.3: Wreckage Cleaning committee in upzilla level 62
Table5.4 Public Service Resume committee in upzilla level 63
Table5.5 Emergency Livelihood Support committee in upzilla level 63
List of Figure Page
Figure1.1: Sapahar Muktir More, 2014 1
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List of Graph
Page
Graph1.1: The Surface Contour Analysis of last 30 years temperature
Upazilla
9
List of Map Page
Map1.1: Map of Sapahar Upazilla 11
Map2.1: Social Map of Sapahar Upazilla 22
Map2.2: Hazard & Risk Map of Sapahar 23
Annex 9 Hazard Map (Shortage of Rain) 84
Annex 10 Hazard Map (Could wave) 85
Annex 11 Hazard Map (Drought) 86
Annex 12 Hazard Map (Fall of water table) 87
Annex 13 Hazard Map (Flood) 88
Annex 14 Hazard Map (River erosion) 89
Annex 15 Hazard Map (Storm) 90
Annex 16 Risk Map (Could wave) 91
Annex 17 Risk Map (Drought) 92
Annex 18 Risk Map (Fall of Water Table) 93
Annex 19 Risk Map (Flood) (Storm) 94
Annex 20 Risk Map (River Erosion) 95
Annex 21 Risk Map (Shortage of Rain) 96
Annex 22 Risk Map (Storm) 97
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Chapter One
Local Area Information
1.1 Background
Bangladesh is a most disaster-prone countries in the world map. Every District of Bangladesh
is affected by disaster, the sapahar upazila of Naoga disterict is one of them. The main
problems of the upazila is drought and Flood in the Barind areas. There are11upazilas is
Naogaon District, the second smallest upazila is Sapahar. In July 02, 1983, the police satation
is started to promote it to be the standard. There has alleged that the indigenous Santal
community eating snakes for this the area known as Sapahar. Every year, flood has adversed
impact on lives and livelihoods in the sapahar Upazila. Every year, a variety of disasters, but
no such plans at the upazila level were reflected. Disaster management plans is responsible
for overall disaster management in this Sapahar of naogoan district. The joboi bill is situated
in the Sapahar upazila of Naogaon district . This bill is a source of fish production in
Naogaon. Moreover, the most familiar sights in a place of joboi bill. Tourist come in the
sapahar upazila in the monsoon season. Rainfall for the scenic view of the country attracts
many tourists to the region. It is taken directly from the district town Naogaon by bus in the
joboi bill. The poor and helpless people change their socio economic condition through social
forestry in Barind area of noagoan district. The adverse effect of climate changes the poor
and endangers public safety and economic development of the country as well as the
continuation of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 'Comprehensive Disaster
Management Programme (CDMP) as part of the local disaster risk preparedness plan,
designing a versatile pre-decided. The district level disaster management is very important to
reduce the impact of climate change, the future vulnerability and socio-economic
development such as education, health, housing and other infrastructure development and
implementation.
Picture 1.1: Sapahar Muktir More, 2014
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In this document, the first to third chapter is descript the social, economic, natural and
infrastructure description of outlines the underlying causes and potential effects of climate
change of the Sapahar upazilla, different adaptation strategies to increase the capacity in
disaster management and prevention of the details and the ability to attain a 3-5 year brief
outline a plan of action. In the fourth and fifth chapters is descripted the disaster risk
reduction improving by the implementation of disaster management plan through
development workers, social and political activities and ordinary people to increase
participation in disaster management capacity and to achieve resistance in the outline. The
poor is adverse effects by the disaster, so this document is very important for poor people.
Public Safety and the economic development are continuing process of a country, the
Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 'Comprehensive Disaster Management
Programme (CDMP) as a part of disaster risk preparedness plan for the local population,
designing a versatile content for disaster management. The district level disaster management
programe is very fruitful for climate change, future vulnerability and socio-economic
development, education, health, housing and other infrastructure development and
implementation of a developing country.
1.2 Main Objectives of the plan
Climate change has the potential to change the type of natural disaster. In order to deal with
climate change in the context of the disaster field present at any effective policy to optimize
the initiative nationally. Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme of the Ministry of
Disaster and Relief (CDMP) to calculate the local population and to reduce the risk in the
hands of a multi-faceted action plan. Under this program, the Government of Bangladesh-
based disaster relief and rehabilitation, long-term risk is the risk that changes in coping
strategies to deal with the main objectives of which are: activities undertaken.
Families and communities about the risks of disaster risk reduction in all forms of
their families and society in ganasacetanata Union Administration, upazilla and
district level administration to devise practical ways.
Through the use of local resources performing and implement development measures,
removal, recovery, having needs, relief and immediate rehabilitation action plan is
locally made and applied in practice.
Strategic document for a specific area and period of time to create.
Disaster Management Committee and the relevant sectors (government, NGO and
donor nations will act as an overall plan.
Planning and implementation of disaster management by providing guidance to its
partners.
Participate in community disaster planning in earnest, effective partnerships
1.3 Introduction
Naogaon district has 11upazilas; the second smallest upazilla is Sapahar. In July 02, 1983, the
police satation is started to promote it to be the standard. There has alleged that the
indigenous Santal community eating snakes for this the area known as Sapahar. North side of
the Upazilla is India, the Patnitala- porasa south and west India. The upazilla is consisted by
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06 unions and 151 of Mouza. The population of the Sapahar upazilla is 161792 (according to
the Census 2011) and density of population is 588 people per square kilometre.
1.3.1. Geographical Location
Sapahar Upazilla is located 50 1 and 250 13' north latitude and 880-6 'and 880-38'
longitude of east. North side of the Upazilla is India, in the east side Patnitala upazilla south
porasa upazilla and west India. The upazilla is consisted by 06 unions and 151 of Mouza. The
population of the Sapahar upazilla is 161792 (according to the Census 2011) and density of
population is 588 people per square kilometre.Punarbhaba River flows through the Sapahar
upazilla.
1.3.2. Area
According to the census of 2011 the area of Sapahar is 244.49 sq. kilometer. There are 6
unions and 151 mouzas in total.
Table 1.1: Union wise mouza name
Upazilla
name and
GO code
Union
names and
GO code
Union wise mouza name
Sapahar(86)
Sapahar
(71)
Agartala, majidapara, balukadana, badiyapura, bahapura, big
Mirzapur, phakirapara, katapara, gamjapukuriya, baidyapura
Mirzapur, rasuladana, bidiyanandi, purbapara, himalapara,
palapara, binodapara, Binodpur, tolapara, dhabaladana,
Dharmapur, Jaipur, palapara, gucchagrama, karaladana, Okay
laid, gamjakuri, tenarakuri, umcadana, Khidirpur, baunapara,
ksudraranali, pakarahara, katipura, ksudraramabari,
laksmipura, madanasim, manikura, Betul, Madhya Pradesh,
gucchagrama, piculi, naodana, Madhyapara, mulapara,
sinahara, the situation in the Southern neighborhood, Saidpur,
Sapahar, caudhuripara, Sapahar Bazaar, danyipara, Sahapara,
kandara laid, suddhacaripara, tajapura, teghariya, tulasipara,
Their laid. = 58 The total number of acres.
Tilna(94)
Anathapura, babupura, duyanipara, badyamadama,
baduparaila, baghamari, barado-fiber, behetara, Godagari, Laks
tenatuliya, cacahara, cakagopala, candura, damaila, Damdama,
Deopara, De 'Fuzz, dokuri, gotapara, Haripur, Hosenadana,
ilimapura, Jamalpur, jinarapura, malatipura, mamuriya,
Narayanpur, oranapura, maradana, podalapara, siuli, sinapara,
sundara, tilana, canakuri, dighipara, melapara, sutarapara,
khomcapara, boramapara, dhanatipara, hindupara, komcapara,
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Upazilla
name and
GO code
Union
names and
GO code
Union wise mouza name
ucalapara, uttarakalapara . = 45 The total number of acres.
Goala(39)
The old model, the old Aladin, alinagara, bring flowers, , bring
flowers, triad laid, laid up, poor appearance, Beldanga,
daksinabelagana, Beldanga, belagana, bhikana, Birampur,
plaza, look, look, South kacakuliya, phayajullahapura,
dairyman, kadamadana , laksmitala, mandalapara, kharibona,
hapaniya, andharadighi, siyalamara, hujarapura, kahenda,
kaibartagrama, kamasapura, khottapara, kocakuruliya,
krsnasada, maipura, mirapara, Nishchintopur, ramanandabati,
rodagrama. Senapura, sridharabari. = 41 The total number of
acres.
Aihai (17)
East neighborhood, collar neighborhood, Dighi neighborhood,
central neighborhood, the South neighborhood, baghapukura,
basunda, Mullah laid, laid in earth, laid katani, South laid, laid
thinker, thinker, laid, laid Okay, asaranda, North parahamsa
ponds, chatahara, chatahara, samotalapara, cakacandi,
gauripur, sarakarapara, West neighborhood, Kalyanpur,
bholakidana, khalishpur, kucinadrari, madhuli, malipura, the
answer lay, lay in the middle, manraila, Mirzapur, naopara,
naopara, jorapukura, paharapukura, Rasulpur, khala ponds,
Dakshin, thakurapara, Madhyapara, purbapara, sarali, badiya
laid, sukaraila, sundaraila, the answer lay, laid Ghosh. = 49
The total number of acres.
Patari (63)
Workshop adatala, baikunthapura, baikunthapura adatala,
baikuntha jalasukha, baikuntha kaoyabaiyasa, baikuntha
haripala, Beldanga kuramadana, kuramadana, kariyapara,
patari, puramaidana, ramasrama, ranamatiya, tilani. The total
number of acres = 15.
Shironti
(79)
Gopalpur, Islampur, bakharapura, batakara, view, biniyakuri,
erenda, sacrifice, kaikuri, kasitara, kherunda, khanjapura,
kucinda, lalacanda, parasaila, ramaramapura, Raipur,
sahadalapara, siranti, sitaladabaga, Tait, umaila. X = the total
number of acres.
Source: BBS, 2011
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1.3.3 Population
According to the population census of the year 2011, total population of the upazilla 161792
people, 81304 in men and women 80488, ratio of the population 1: 1.16 and the population
density are 662 per square kilometer. Muslim population of the upazilla is 150882, Hindu
7877, Christians 739, Buddhists 50, and a variety of other tribes, such as Santal, banuya,
coaches and s Rajbangshis has 2293. The population is descripted in following table
Table 1.2: Union wise men, women, children, elderly, disabled, families and voters.
Union
No. Male Female
Children
(0-15)%
Elderly
(60+ %)
Disabled
(%)
Total
Pop.
House
hold Voters
17 10567 10512 33.5 5.9 1.9 21079 4842 13650
39 17878 17926 34.6 6.2 1.5 35804 7918 22748
63 12670 12658 37.1 5.6 2.8 25328 5240 15221
71 14632 14105 28.7 6.3 1.3 28737 6805 18721
79 14179 13801 33.2 5.9 2.3 27980 6130 17760
94 11378 11486 27.6 7.8 2.9 22864 5297 15896
Total 81304 80488 32.45 6.28 2.11 161792 36232 103996
Source: BBS, 2011
1.4 Infrastructure and non-infrastructure information
Sapahar is an agricultural district. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the
majority of people. So here is an average of several agro-based industries. All wards upazilla,
union rural electricity coverage. Several districts are small and cottage industries and large
industries. In the meantime, poultry farms, cattle farms, auto rice mill, printed ditch, Welding
Factory, koldastoreja, brick-kilns and cottage industries of various types. There are different
types of mills and factory in sapahar upazilla. Communication systems are very easy,
including bus terminals and petrol pump have been spread largely because there is better
trade.
1.4.1 Infrastructure
Embankment
The sapahar Upazilla is very high from the sea level, so there is low impact of flood of this
upazilla. However, during the rainy season due to the sudden flash floods in the hills,
especially in the central district Jabai bills and bills Sapahar adjacent area is flooded. Flood
prevent sudden goala union 1 km, aihai Union 1 km, 10 km earth and concrete dam patari
Union has been built.
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Sluice Gate
In the Sapahar upazilla, rainfall is very low as a result drought is impact seriously on
agriculture. So, agricultural activities and use for daily household activities there has 77
cross-dams in this upazilla.
Bridge and Culverts
There are 39 culverts and 90.2 Miter Bridge in this upazilla, without that there are 2 pre stock
bridges in this upazilla.
Roads
In Sapahar upazilla, there are 8 upazilla roads and total length is 396.75 kilometers. During
disaster period these roads are used as an open shelter.
Irrigation System
Irrigation system is very important issue in the Barind area of this upazila. In this upazila, the
joboi bill is very important for irrigation. There are also large and numerous lakes. There are
323 deep tubewall and 850 ponds of sapahar upazila. There are 45 drinkable water tanks in
this upazila.
Hats
In the Sapahar upazilla is very important for agricultural production. Agricultural products
are exported to different parts of the country. There are 8 hats in the sapahar upazilla.
1.4.2. Social assets
Housing
Under the consequences of Borendra, the nature of earth of this upazilla is hard, sticky and
crimson colored, so from the pristine there is a tradition of constructing two storied mud
house. For tribal psychology and technique there are structural differences of house from
plain land house. To store cereal and for absolute weather housing pattern of this area is
different. Bamboo, Tali, Tin, Brick, etc. is used for building housing. Among the housing
infrastructures 3.5% are Pucca, 5.4% are semi-pucca and 89.3% are Katcha and 1.8% are
cottage types.
Water
By the contractor in accordance with the annual program of the Public Health Engineering
Department of Sapahar water sources (wells, rimoyela) is placed, and the establishment of the
public water source to provide technical advice, water skill (Arsenic, Iron, etc) to be tested,
health awareness, and inspire people about the natural Disaster for dealing with pure water
supply during disasters, various improvement of water supply and sanitation services through
NGOs prakalpabhukta areas to ease the work, etc.. Due to the geographical location of the
underground water level goes down Sapahar districts that dry season scarcity of drinking
water. Barind Multipurpose project of deep tube wells in the dry season, irrigation districts,
323 as well as 45 different places to set up the tank of water, which is supplied through pipe
lines.
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Sanitation
Executive Engineers office, Public Health Engineering is producing ring-slab as well as
distributing those equipment among the people living under poverty. The authority also
selling the sanitary equipment to the people at a feasible price to build healthy sanitation.
At the time of disaster like flood, cyclone local administration takes necessary steps to
continue the water supply and sanitation system. During flood local authority supplies Water
purifying tablets and bleaching powder.
Educational Institute/ Library
There are 94 primary schools, 30 secondary schools, 6 lower secondary schools, 1 school and
college, 4 colleges, 7 Fajil Madrasa, 6 Alim Madrasa, 27 Dakhil Madrasa and 1 autonomous
Madrasa in Sapahar upazila.
Religious Institution
There, lives Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and Tribal community, though the upazila is Muslim
based. The biggest festival of Hindu community is Durgapuja. They can observe their rituals
without any interruption. On account of different religious festivals, different temple
organization organizes traditional folk songs in their temple yard. From the pristine time
people of various religions live here maintaining their social bondage. There are 260
mosques, 16 Madrasa and 13 temples in this Sapahar upazila.
Health Care
There are only a govt. hospital in Sapahar upazila. Here 3 doctors and 11 nurses work
consistently to provide health care to the inhabitant. There are 1 UAPO(situated at IHI
union), 4 union health and family planning center and 17 community clinics. There are also 2
private hospitals here.
Table 1.3: Maternal and Child Health Care
Maternal and Child Health Care
Prenatal care; Common disease services;
Normal delivery services; Health educational services;
Garbhottara services; Provide basic health education;
Emaara services; Counseling about the mother and child nutrition;
Newborn services; Women twang of a bow Services;
Children under 5 years of service; Arsenic patient identification;
Sexually transmitted disease services; Detection of tuberculosis and the leper;
Sources: Upazilla e- Portal, 2014
Bank
Sapahar upazila has 7 Banks. Notably Bangladesh Krishi Bank, Janata Bank, Sonali Bank,
Agrani Bank, Grameen Bank, Islamic Bank, Mercantile Bank.
Post Office
Sapahar upazilla has 11 branches post office. The currently popular as a means of
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communication for mobile phones has 6 towers.
Club / cultural center
there are 35 clubs and cultural centers.
NGOS and voluntary organization
There are different types of NGOs are working in the Sapahar upazila such as BRAC, ASA,
caritas in education, health and micro-lending projects are formulated and conducted.
Bangladesh Lutheran Mission (BLMF), hope, resources in Atrigresana Agency (Rick),
Thyangamara female Green Sangha (TMSS), claims the basic development agency, shelter,
BRAC, CARITAS, Web Foundation, sucking, ghasaphula, Barind land social development
measures, Tree implants, medical services, education loans, health awareness about the use of
latrines, prevent child marriage, not yautukake called eicaaradiesa, hamsi burala
development, Social development and S B M SS Sapahar Foundation entities, lending,
medical services, plantation and arsenic test.
Playground
There are 12 playgrounds, generally used for sports and gathering of people and for arranging
annual fair. But at the time of disaster these playgrounds are used for shelter.
Graveyard
There are 23 cemeteries but 2 of them sometimes flooded. At the time of natural disasters
these are used to get rid of the dead.
Communication and transportation system
The distance of Sapahar from the district is about 59 kilometer. By road is the main
communication system of this upazilla. People use rickshaw, van and motor vehicle to move
from village to village in different unions.
Forest and Afforestation
There are 1171 acres of forestation in Sapahar upazila. In these woods the main trees are
Mahogany, Akashmoni, Shishu and Babla. Aside this there is many little forests under
Borendro. People succeeded to change their economic condition through these forests. There
are also rain tree in these forests. From 1982 about one and half thousand people, livings
under poverty are getting privileged from these forests. After certain times they are earning
money selling their trees. In Sapahar uopazila 23 hundreds of social forestation have been
built here. In the meantime many jobless youth got 5 to 7 lakh money from Sapahar,
Potnitola, and Porsho.
1.4.3 Weather and Climate
The annual average rainfall of this upazilla is below 45inches. Nevertheless, this rate is
changeable. It will not be overstated if this area is called the ideal tropical monsoon area
because of extreme warm weather, excess humidity, medium rainfall and seasonal variation.
Summer starts from April and May. Then the maximum temperature remains 90 degree
Fahrenheit and the minimum temperature remains 65 degree Fahrenheit. The highest
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temperature remains within April, May and the first half of June and the lowest temperature
remains within January. The average maximum temperature is 76 degrees Fahrenheit and the
minimum average temperature is 30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Rainfall
2013 was the year when there was the highest rainfall about 1522 cm. and the lowest rainfall
was 343 cm.
Temperature
At winter and summer temperature shows indifferent to the tradition. At December 1984,
when the temperature of Naogaon fell about 44.6 degrees Fahrenheit, then after a year at 16th
April 1985 the temperature rose up to 111.2 degree Fahrenheit. The average temperature is 8-
10 Celsius in December and January, and the highest temperature prevails in April-May
when the average temperature keeps above 41 Celsius. According to Bangladesh
Meteorological department, Rajshahi, the analysis of surface Contour in Graph 1.2 shows that
the highest temperature of last 30 years remains in between 30-40 degrees. But, in the last
few years, temperature has become highest or lowest each 2-3 years later. The analysis also
shows that in the last 6 years average temperature has risen by 2 degrees due to climate
change. The bio-diversity of this upazilla will be affected if average temperature continues to
rise.
Graph 1.1: The surface contour analysis of last 30 years temperature Source: Meteorological Department, Rajshahi
1.4.4. Others
Land and Land Use
The Land use pattern of Sapahar is miscellaneous. This upazilla is mainly agriculture based
so there are a lot of agro lands. The total area of agricultural land is around 81% that refers to
19890 acres. There are 3190 hectares single crop land, 9540 hectare double crop land, and
7160 hectare triple crop land. There are total 28575 farmer family in this upazilla. One of the
wonderful features of Sapahar is Joboi Bil that is connected directly to Punarvaba. The
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agriculture of this area is extended by Joboi Bil. Besides there are lot of pond abandoned with
fish. Moreover innumerous mango orchard fills the taste of Sapahar.
Agriculture and Food
Sapahar mainly agriculture based upazilla. And for this the rising industries are based on
agriculture. Katarivog, Kalajira are one of the expensive rice that Sapaha produces. IRRI,
BORO, Aman, Wheat, Mango, Cereal, the many other seasonal vegetables like onion,
Watermelon that produces here a lot. The total food demand of this upazila is 23722 metric
ton and total produced food is 118410 metric ton and the annual food residue is 94688 metric
ton.
River
Punarvaba goes through Sapahar upazila. The origin of this river from the west Dinajpur of
India. After Kolmudanga Punarvaba enters into Bangladesh but from Patari to Rokonpur Bil
it is extended all over Naogaon.
Pond
There are 850 ponds in Sapahar upazila, among these 450 Khash pond and 126 are re-
excavated. As there are problem of water layers, most of the time the pond remain dry and
the fisheries get affected.
Canal
According to LGED Sapahar, there are 25 canals in this upazilla which totals 97.328
kilometers. Dohar Khari is of 6.5 kilometers and Chad Khari is of 2.2 kilometers.
Wet land
The famous wet land of Sapahar named Joboi Bil and Rokonpur Bil are situated in the 4
unions of Sapahar named Shironti, Patari, Goala, and IHI. The area of these wet lands is 403
hectares. At rainy season the water levei of these wet lands rises and that combines the whole
area and turn into a single extended water source. Including Rainy season, 4 or 6 months of a
year these huge area remains under water. There are two types of wet land 1; more than
twenty acres 2; less than twenty acres. There are three wet lands which possesses more than
twenty acres 1;Joboi bil (996 acres) 2; Bil tirail (25 acres) 3;Jamirtola bil(44 acres)
Arsenic Pollution
Arsenic level in this upazilla is 0-20%. Different tests of tubewell water like arsenic level,
cloraid, iron, manganese, PH level, electric conductivity and other biological tests can be
served in return of certain fees in the local laboratories. Besides, some free basic tests of
water sources are executed with field kits.
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Chapter Two
Disaster and vulnerability
2.1 History of Disaster There is no serious impact of disasters in Sapahar upazilla. However, every year the district is
no longer exposed to disasters. Low water level, floods, river erosion, cold wave, drought,
drought and north-western wide variety of endangered and cause danger to people living in
this upazilla. Water comes down from India in the rainy season as a result the flood is floated
over the union. There is the main river of the Sapahar upazilla and Joboi bill is very important
for irrigation in the upazilla. Drought is the main problem in this Sapahar upazilla, which is
less than the depth of the river. Agricultural crops and homes base culture were heavily
damaged due to water in the north-western side, and many people were starvation for long
time. River erosion is another important issue for agricultural damage, houses, life is upset.
Extensive damage to crops due to the winter cold wave and dense fog is attained. In the
Sapahar upazilla sallow water level is near the surface above 28 miters. This is a serious
problem in public life Deforestation, population growth and environmental imbalance may be
due to the disaster Sapahar upazilla. Disaster damage, loss occurs, duration and are given
below in Table.
Table 2.1: Name of Disaster, Year, Damage and Sector
Name disaster Year Which sectors are affected
Highest Medium Lowest
Water
Substrates
Every year
Floods 1986, 1987, 1988, 1995, 1998 Agriculture
Fish
Homes and
livestock
River erosion 1985, 1987, 1988, 1994,
1998, 1999, 2000, 2004,
2005, 2006
Agriculture Plants and
Houses
Fish
Drought 1976, 1979, 1989, 1992,
1996, 1999, 2004
Agriculture Fish Plants
Kalbaisakhi
Storm
1988, 1992, 1995, 1997, 2005 Plants Houses Agriculture
Inundation 1976, 1979, 1989, 1992,
1996, 1999, 2004
Agriculture Homes Fish
Met 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Agriculture Fish Plants and
Livestock
Source: field Visit, Sapahar, 2014
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2.2 Hazards of the Upazilla
Hazard is an unusual event, which can occur naturally or from man-made technical faults and
can damage the lives and livelihoods of human beings. Despite of being under Barindra
tracts, Sapahar upazilla has some small and big swamps and Atrai and Lottle Jamuna River
flows through it. The area was rough already due to geographical reasons but it is gradually
losing sustainability because of climate change. People are suffering because of irregular
water flow, downward water level and climate change. The hazards responsible for the
suffering are given below following the priority of damages of people:
Table2.2: Hazards and Priority of Hazards
Hazards of the unions of this upazilla Identifies hazards and priority of hazards
Nature caused hazards 1. Ground Water
2. Flood
3. River Erosion
4. Storm
5. Low Rainfall
6. Cold Wave
1. Flood 11. Drizzling
2. Drought 12. Ground Water
3. River Erosion 13. Low Rainfall
4. Hail Rain 14. Seasonal Storm
5. Heavy Mist 15. Tornado
6. Cold Wave 16. Thunder
7.Excessive rain 17. Rat Attack
8. flatulency 18. Insect attacks at crops
9.Arsenic
10. Earthquake
Man-made hazards
19. Fire 21.Land Possession
20. Unplanned
Infrastructure
Establishment
22. Paddy wastes
emitted from rice mills
Source: field Visit, Sapahar, 2014
2.3. Detail image of various danger and its current and future
1. Ground Water Level
As for sapahar upazilla, low ground water level is the most serious hazard that reinforces
drought and affects every sphere of human live. The common people of this area have to
maintain a constant struggle for water, the most fundamental element of life. This hazard
affects all the development sectors of sapahar. The people of sapahar upazilla believe that
immediate measures from govt. and NGO level are needed to alleviate this hazard.
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2. Flood
sapahar upazilla is a extreamly flood prone area. Flood prevails here from June to October.
Consuquently, agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure, households, education, communication
and other sectors get heavily affected by flood. Though it happens each year, the floods in
1986,1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2007 were the most terrific ones.
3. Drought
Drought commonly occurs in February , March, April and May. The acuteness and duration of
drought are gradually increasing. t has not been rainning even in June and July for last
several years. As a result, damages are increasing because of drought. f this situation
continues, severe environmental disaster would appear in near future .
4. River erosion
River erosion is a part and parcel of people of sapahar upazilla. t is increasing day by day.
The denizens believe that low nevigavity causing a raise of water and a fall of current speed
and water capacity consequently leads to river erosion. They stated that it would further make
people suffer devouring a lot more areas if this situation goes on.
2.4 Vulnerability and Capability
Vulnerability is the possibility of a population or parts of it to be affected by hazards and the
level of possible damage to common lives and society due to the hazard. It has come into
light through field meeting and analysis of various information and data that two-third of the
population of Sapahar upazilla are vulnerable to hazards like flood, river erosion, drought and
cold wave. Moreover, animals, fisheries and infrastructures are not out of vulnerability. The
objectives of removing hazards are to identify the possibility of a hazard, when a hazard will
occur, how much area will be affected. Therefore by measuring the severity of a hazard and
vulnerability, they are trying to achieve capability by adopting their own ways.
In which area is vulnerable for which reasons are shown below:
Table 2.3: Hazard based vulnerabilities
Dangers Vulnerability Capacity
Floods
Be on the navigability of
rivers and canals
less than demand and weak
beribamdha
The two sides of the trees
was not Badher
To improve the navigability of rivers
and canals, dredging machines have
planting trees and repairing Badher
beribamdha two sides to strengthen.
There is a new place to beribamdha
medium Sapahar Punarbhaba River
drainage district.
Sapahar districts 23kimi Cross the
dam and the dam is raised.
Water
substrates
climate change
unplanned use of water
There are 323 deep tube wells.
77 have cross dams for water
retention.
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Dangers Vulnerability Capacity
There are more than tree planting
arrangements.
For drinking water in 45 tanks.
River
erosion
sarbasanta people are due to
river erosion.
aihai, patari, replied northern,
north-pascimansasaha jabai
sirantira Punarbhaba
nadisanlagna Bill and
agricultural areas, houses,
buildings, roads, vegetation is
largely deliver the riverbed.
weak ewe-Dam
Extensive plantations lie by
the river
aihai, patari, replied northern,
north-pascimansasaha jabai
sirantira dam bills and do not
have adequate areas
Punarbhaba nadisanlagna.
Everything that has sheep,
monkey, different parts of it
are broken.
Sapahar district has two dams with a
length of 5 km ..
Bamboo River in a comprehensive
manner (sikara bistrita) is the national
tree planting opportunities. Which will
help you to grab.
Dam / two-sides of the street have the
opportunity to plantation.
To prevent breakdown of river
embankments have the opportunity to
build with blocks.
poor people have the opportunity to
move on land owned by the river.
Salt-tolerant plants have the opportunity
to apply
sirantite Sapahar district has a shelter.
have the opportunity to be tolerant of
houses in the tornado.
To prevent wind stopped tornadoes
around the building with bushes and
forest / fruit trees have a chance.
The dam is surrounded by rivers into the
block to have the opportunity to
strengthen and Badher and street trees on
both sides have a chance.
have the opportunity to strengthen
sanitation.
khas land for the construction of shelters
and killa.
animals (cows, goats, buffalo, sheep)
have the opportunity to build stronger
habitats.
Sapahar upazila disaster management
committees and volunteer groups based in
the Union.
Drought
Having inadequate trees
and plants
Sapahar district has two dams with a
length of 5 km ..
Bamboo River in a comprehensive
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Dangers Vulnerability Capacity
manner (sikara bistrita) is the national
tree planting opportunities. Which will
help you to grab.
Dam / two-sides of the street have the
opportunity to plantation.
To prevent breakdown of river
embankments have the opportunity to
build with blocks.
poor people have the opportunity to
move on land owned by the river.
Salt-tolerant plants have the opportunity
to apply
sirantite Sapahar district has a shelter.
have the opportunity to be tolerant of
houses in the tornado.
To prevent wind stopped tornadoes
around the building with bushes and
forest / fruit trees have a chance.
The dam is surrounded by rivers into the
block to have the opportunity to
strengthen and Badher and street trees on
both sides have a chance.
have the opportunity to strengthen
sanitation.
khas land for the construction of shelters
and killa.
animals (cows, goats, buffalo, sheep)
have the opportunity to build stronger
habitats.
Sapahar upazila disaster management
committees and volunteer groups based in
the Union.
Kalbaisakhi
Storm
Due to poor infrastructure
and unplanned homestead
homestead is damage
ghurnijhare
divide-house around the
bushes and trees of the plants
have not been affected due to
Sapahar district has two dams with a
length of 5 km ..
Bamboo River in a comprehensive
manner (sikara bistrita) is the national
tree planting opportunities. Which will
help you to grab.
Dam / two-sides of the street have the
opportunity to plantation.
To prevent breakdown of river
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Dangers Vulnerability Capacity
the divide-house ghurnijhare
destroys trees.
Poor sanitation (Green) is a
result of having been tampered
with ghurnijhare.
habitat for birds and animals,
lack of tolerance ghurnijhare
tornado damage.
lack of adequate shelter is
ghurnijhare ruin lives.
In the absence of killa
animals during tornado
damage. Ghurnijhare women,
children and disabled people
are the ones affected.
embankments have the opportunity to
build with blocks.
poor people have the opportunity to
move on land owned by the river.
Salt-tolerant plants have the opportunity
to apply
sirantite Sapahar district has a shelter.
have the opportunity to be tolerant of
houses in the tornado.
To prevent wind stopped tornadoes
around the building with bushes and
forest / fruit trees have a chance.
The dam is surrounded by rivers into the
block to have the opportunity to
strengthen and Badher and street trees on
both sides have a chance.
have the opportunity to strengthen
sanitation.
khas land for the construction of shelters
and killa.
animals (cows, goats, buffalo, sheep)
have the opportunity to build stronger
habitats.
Sapahar upazila disaster management
committees and volunteer groups based in
the Union.
Inundation
in the absence of adequate
number of plants
Bill and Punarbhaba rivers jabai
Sapahar districts.
Salt-tolerant plants have the
opportunity to apply
Met climate change Ejiodera government response
Source: field visit, 2014
2.5 Most Vulnerable Areas
Due to geographical location, lack of water is seen in Sapahar upazilla in dry seasons. So, all
the fields and lands dry up and all the people, fisheries, animals and infrastructure become
vulnerable. Again, farmlands and infrastructures submerge into water while water flowing
down from hills causes sudden flood. Sometimes, people living nearby riverbanks become
homeless because of river erosion. Vulnerability and causes of vulnerability are not the same
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for everywhere of the upazilla. So, most vulnerable areas and vulnerable population based on
hazard are shown by the following table:
Table 2.4: most vulnerable areas, Reasons of ulnerability and vulnerable population:
Danger Most vulnerable area Factors of vulnerability Vulnerable
population
Water
substrates
Siranti, goala and the
entire BMW tilanasaha
Climate change and unplanned use of
water
82850
Tentative
Floods
Aihai, patari, replied
northern, north-
pascimansasaha jabai
Bill and Punarbhaba
nadisanlagna areas
sirantira
Agricultural land due to flooding of
the river is falling. Besides
agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure
and human resources, and may cause
damage.
69960
Tentative
River
erosion
Aihai, patari, replied
northern, north-
pascimansasaha jabai
Bill and Punarbhaba
nadisanlagna areas
sirantira
Over 10 years, thousands of acres of
arable land due to river erosion in this
area is mixed. Many people are
becoming destitute. The agriculture,
fisheries and human damage is.
45630
Tentative
Drought
Aihai, patari, siranti,
replied eastern and
Sapahar daksinansasaha
whole district
headquarters
May be due to drought damage
krsisampadera plenty.
161792
Tentative
Kalbaisakhi
storm
Patari, dairyman, aihai,
Union, and the district
headquarters siranti and
Sapahar
These areas are the ones in
mahadebapurera mango production.
Lots of storm damage which may be
examples of communicating. Also
fish, can cause damage to human
resources.
161792
Tentative
Inundation
Patari, dairyman, aihai,
Union, and the district
headquarters siranti and
Sapahar
Soil due to drought, farmers' financial
loss caused by the rupture is caucira
may be.
161792
Tentative
Met
Aihai, patari, the
milkman, the Union of
Sadar Upazila siranti
and Sapahar
Met may be due to the loss of crops,
livestock are at risk, may cause life in
suffering, children, pregnant, disabled
and brddhara risk.
161792
Tentative
Source: field visit, 2014
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2.6 Main Development Sectors
Sapahar upazilla depends in agricultural production. Economy of this area depends on
agriculture. So, although importance is given on agriculture in development planning,
importance should be given on fisheries, livestock, health, livelihood and infrastructure to
reduce hazard and risk.
It is discussed by the following table:
Table 2.5: Combination with Development Sector and Disaster Risk Reduction
Major
sectors A detailed description Disaster risk reduction coordination with
Agricult
ure
Sapahar sub total 19890 hectares of
crops are produced 118410 tons
mettika. Meets the needs of 94688
tonnes of crop udbrta mettika
Sapahar under which brought great
success for the economy. As a
result of new initiatives in
agriculture, farmers will continue.
So Sapahar krsisampada districts,
considered as a major area of
development.
90% of the people depend on farming
districts Sapahar laborer 50%, 5% small
farmer class, middle class, 10% of farmers,
large farmers, 5% of class. This is 79.75%
of income from agriculture. If as a result of
weather and climate change to drought,
cold wave, ghanakuyasa and drought, the
agricultural crops, farmers will face
financial losses, combined with the
reduction of disaster risk in agriculture
Sapahar district requires further
modernization. Causing a disaster, which
will be extended to the agricultural district
Sapahar helpful.
Fisheries Sapahar subdistrict canals, Bill,
rivers and wetlands to the total
1997.08 acres of land for the
production of fish. To the economic
success of the people of life-
jibikasaha. Aquaculture fish
farmers through new initiatives
come forward. Possible
development of the fish resources
of the district. So Sapahar upazila
fisheries resource, can be regarded
as a major area of development.
If as a result of climate change and extreme
weather, droughts, agricultural crops, then
farmers will face financial losses, if they
are, as well as fish farming, much of the
farmers to be able to protect them from
damage. Moreover, integrated farming of
rice and fish, rice, fish production lost
during the disaster, but will help them to
maintain financial solvency. There is no
substitute for the fish farming
jhumkihrasera disaster. So it can be said
enough jhumkihrase fisheries sector to
coordinate disaster.
Livestoc
k
0-less than 5 years ago Sapahar
districts, almost every household
had cattle. Livestock feed and
fodder grass in the absence of the
need is much reduced. Currently 3
If as a result of climate change and extreme
weather, flooding much of the fish farmers
and farmers will suffer losses, if they play
well, then the animal will be saved from the
immediate financial loss and disasters will
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Major
sectors A detailed description Disaster risk reduction coordination with
livestock farms, 38 farms and 30
broiler chicken and duck farms,
which contributes to the economy
makes people self-reliant.
now maintain their financial solvency.
Livestock is why there is no substitute for
jhumkihrasera disaster. Livestock is to say
enough to coordinate disaster jhumkihrase.
Health Sapahar public hospital districts, 1,
1, satellite clinic 4, union health
and family planning center and has
17 community clinics. There are
also two private hospitals. Health of
the people of these confirmation
Sapahar continued their normal
activities.
This district disaster Sapahar disease
increases, so sbasthasebara need more
modernized enough to be able to coordinate
the disaster is jhumkihrasera.
Liveliho
od
Sapahar districts, 90% of people
involved in agriculture (dairies,
50%, 5% small farmer class,
middle class, 10% of farmers, large
farmers, class 5%). Districts,
because their economy is very
prosperous bhinnarupa Sapahar
livelihoods. Very low proportion of
people in this subdistrict. Reliable
because they are mostly involved in
the profession. Improve the lives of
people living under the Sapahar.
Districts Sapahar climate change, floods,
droughts, nadibhangana, ghanakuyasa,
storm, hail, drought, etc., if you out to
organize disaster krsisampada result,
fisheries resource, livestock ksatigrastasaha
tremendous impact on people's lives and
livelihoods. But if people are responsible
for alternative livelihoods, the immediate
disaster is disaster. Will maintain their
financial solvency and the disaster at the
moment. So there is no alternative
livelihood options for disaster
jhumkihrasera. Alternative livelihood
systems to coordinate disaster jhumkihrase
enough.
Plants Sapahar districts have considerable
reputation for mango cultivation.
This subdistrict is everywhere
triumphant allowing plenty filled
with green plants in the region,
there is no shortage. Akasamani
plenty of mango, children, apple,
eucalyptus, arjun, akasiya, acacia
and plum trees. Officially there are
1171 acres of forestry districts
Sapahar Sapahar district plays a
special role in the economy.
Sapahar districts, climate change, floods,
droughts, nadibhangana, storm, hail,
drought, etc., if you out to organize disaster
krsisampada result, fisheries resources,
livestock are damaged. The building of the
effects of the storm, damage to
infrastructure is attained rastaghatasaha
lots. Tremendous impact on the lives and
livelihoods of the people to protect the
environment is difficult. There is no
substitute for dealing with the large amount
of trees. So Sapahar districts should be the
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Major
sectors A detailed description Disaster risk reduction coordination with
slogan "a large amount of trees and saving
the environment" in which the disaster
jhumkihrase considerable role.
Infrastru
cture
Districts, of which there are plenty
of resources to infrastructure
Sapahar 5 km Dam, there are 3
bridges and 542 culverts. The
upazila, union and join
gramyapatha Total 3829 km Roads,
irrigation, deep nalakupasaha 78
krasadyama currently has 323.
Besides, the people of which 8 Hats
meet their needs by providing
essential commodities are. These
infrastructure assets under Sapahar
leading role in the economy as well
as the development work.
Sapahar districts, flood, drought,
nadibhangana, storm disaster in a variety of
useful resources for infrastructure, such as
the dam is located on the banks of the river
Yamuna as upazila protect from erosion.
Kalabhartagulo flood, storm is used for the
water supply. It would benefit a lot of
agriculture. Irrigation water use during
droughts and other mausumasaha
nalakupagulo krsisampada lots are
acquired. District of road / district in
relation to contact. Hats of disasters is
essential to meet their needs by providing
goods. A lot of resources to deal with
disasters, infrastructure plays an important
role. Infrastructure and resources for
disaster jhumkihrasera so there is no
alternative to strong enough.
Source: field visit, 2014
2.7 Social Map
In context of the discussion of the Sapahar upazilla disaster management committee
members with the common people of various occupations of different villages describing the
objectives and importance of making a social map, The social map of Sapahar upazilla has
been prepared with their help. The location of unions, villages, infrastuctures, different
institutions, land use, roads, rivers, canals, wet lands, buildings, hospitals, embankments and
other important matters are included in the social map. The entire condition of this upazilla is
shown in the social map.
2.8 Hazard and Risk Map
In context of the discussion of the Sapahar upazilla disaster management committee
members with the common people of various occupations of different villages showing the
map of Sapahar upazilla and describing the objectives and importance of making a Hazard
and Risk Map, Hazard and Risk Map of Sapahar upazilla has been prepared with their help to
identify the hazards. Which hazard affects which union is shown in the map by the
participants. Moreover, land infertility, land utilization, movement of river such matters is
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22
-
23
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24
considered here through geographical information management. The entire condition of this
upazilla is also shown in the hazard and risk map.
2.9 Seasonal Calendar of Hazards
Although Sapahar upazilla is a drought prone area, different hazards are seen throughout the
year. Drought continues to grow in the month of March, but it takes the extreme form in
April. Field and lands dry up, no water remains in most of the tube well. At this tie, ground
water level is low; therefore water can be lifted only through deep tubewell. Besides, one
river runs through Sapahar upazilla. Areas and public adjacent to the river face a huge
amount of losses at any time between the months June to October in case of sudden floods.
Moreover, outbreak of cold wave and heavy mist prevails from November to February which
hampers winter crops production.
Seasonal Calendar of Hazards is presented through the following table:
Table 2.6: Calendar of Hazards based on months
No Hazards
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
1 Flood
2 Draugh
3 River Erosion
4 Cold Wave
5 Heavy Mist
6 Hail Rain
Source: field Visit, Sapahar, 2014
Seasonal calendar of Hazards analysis:
In which months of a year hazards occur in this area and in which months the effects are
more or less are shown in the graph of the seasonal calendar. It is known through discussions
with the participants as part of the Pre-C.R:
Flood: flood generally occurs due to river filling and the lack of drainage. Rivers fill up due
to sediment accumulation in the riverbed and rising of chars which causes excess water
pressure to overflow and cause flood. Sapahar upazilla is flood prone from mid-July to the
end of September.
Drought: Drought is the main hazard of this area. The presence of drought is seen from mid-
March to mid-June. Excessive drought causes extensive damage to agriculture here. Though
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25
the effects of drought are moderate in early March and late June, but effects are somewhat
lower during the rest of the year. Many of the crops are lost due to lack of irrigation as the
effect of drought. Again, the production of crops which are getting irrigation is reduced due
to lack of sufficient water. Again, water of stored pond dries up due to drought which leads to
extreme shortages of drinking water.
River Erosion: homes, roads, crops, livestock and aosial and educational institution of
Sapahar upazilla are disappearing every year because of river erosion. River erosion is not
manifest From April to July here, but River erosion takes extreme form during early August
to mid-September.
Cold Wave: Cold Wave occurs every year in Sapahar upazilla. t appears here so much
because of close proximity to the river Chhota Jamuna. As a result, it affects common lives
and ruins the production of mango, lichee, pees and other winter crops.
Hill Rain: According to the denizens of Sapahar upazilla, a drastic change in rainfall is
observed in this area. Hail rain occurs quite frequently. t seems like a negetive effect in the
weather pattern. t makes a huge damage in agriculture.
2.10 Seasonal Calendar of Livelihood
Although this upazilla is dominated by agriculture, but fishing is also an income source here
as some big and small canals are here. Besides, there are landless workers who earn their
living as day laborers. As there are quite a few hats and bazars, the trader professions have
arisen for exporting huge amount of agricultural products.
Seasonal Calendar of livelihood is presented through the following table:
Table 2.7: Seasonal Calendar of Livelihood
No Source of
Livelihood
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
1 Agriculture
2 Fisheries
3 Daily Labor
4 Businessman
Source: field Visit, Sapahar, 2014
2.11 Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood
Pre-discussed hazards and disasters hamper the normal lifestyle. Farmers, fishermen, day
laborers, businessmen all become vulnerable.
Vulnerability on Life and livelihood is presented through the following table:
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26
Table 2.8: Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood
Sl
no: Livelihood
Hazards/ Disasters
Low
water
level
Flood River
Erosion
Drought Seasonal
Storm
Lack
of
rain
Cold
Wave
01 Agriculture
02 Fisheries
03 Daily Labor
04 Businessman
Source: Field Visit, 2014
2.12 Sector-wise Risks and Hazards
The vulnerable sectors of Sapahar upazilla are crops, plants, livestock, fisheries, homes,
roads, bridges, culverts, educational institutions, health care and shelter. The sectors are
endangered because of the pre-discussed hazards. After performing hazard identification of
each union and its corresponding vulnerable sector, elements and area selection, the list of
risks have been prepared and written. Two representatives from each of the groups (farmers,
landless, women and fishing) has been selected and divided into four groups. Risks have been
given priority by voting on unacceptable risks (voting through Zipstick) after evaluating the
risks described separately by each groups consisting of 6 members with a total of 24
representatives. The possible ways of reducing the risk to the local level including risk
analysis has been set from the list of risks obtained by incorporating the highest risks voted
by four groups. Following are the preferred risks. These risks have been validated later by the
indirect stakeholders at the presence of the representatives of the group. The following table
identifies vulnerable sectors of Sapahar upazilla:
Table 2.9: Sector-wise Risks and Hazards
Hazard
Vulnerable Social Elements
Cro
ps
Tre
es
Liv
esto
ck
Fis
her
ies
Hom
es
Road
s
Bri
dges
an
d
Culv
erts
Educa
tional
inst
ituti
on
Hea
lth
Shel
ter
Flood
Drought
River
Erosion
Cold
Wave
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27
Hazard
Vulnerable Social Elements
Cro
ps
Tre
es
Liv
esto
ck
Fis
her
ies
Hom
es
Road
s
Bri
dges
and
Culv
erts
Educa
tional
inst
ituti
on
Hea
lth
Shel
ter
Heavy
Mist
Hail rain
Source: Field Visit, 2014
2.13 Climate Change and Its Possible Effect
Assessing the daily weather, the result of general condition of physical factors of wind sphere
(air heat, air pressure, wind direction and speed, air humidity, amount and type of clouds and
rainfall) of a place or region (30 years or more) is the climate of that place or region. Every
day the sun reaches the earth, the earth absorbs it. Absorbed sunlight emits or reflects back to
space again. Therefore, any type of exploitation of natural laws creating obstacles or barriers
to this radiation process leads to climate change.
Some sectors which are affected by climate change are described in detail below:
Table 2.10: Sector Related Climate Change and Impact
Sectors Description
Agriculture Flood-like climate change in 1988, when the district Sapahar 13260 hectares
of arable land under crops may be a large number of people could be in
danger. 6 to 48 square kilometers of land due to erosion union crops may
suffer many families economically. Like 001 of the 13945 hectares of crops
could be fierce drought, many families may suffer economically. Glossary of
Meteorology climate change districts Sapahar suddenly attack people in
14230 hectares of crops ruined many families may suffer economically.
15680 hectares of land in crop losses due to drought, causing crop districts
Benchmark Sapahar may occur. Ghanakuyasara due amasaha (buds due to the
storm) 7725 hectare orchard and other crops could be lost.
Fisheries Severe drought in 850 districts Sapahar aquaculture fish pond can cause
damage and can lead to financial loss. This may be causing the lack of meat.
Districts, like the flood of 1988, when 470 Sapahar Fish Ponds can be flooded
and washed away. The food, nutrition and protein deficiency can occur.
Plants In 003 districts, like climate change Sapahar storm collapsed the plants may
be abundant. Protect the environmental balance could be upset. The most
abundant vegetation in the river due to erosion caused unions may be 4. This
may disrupt the balance of the environment.
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28
Sectors Description
Health Approximately 60% of the fires, like districts Sapahar 1988 pregnant women
at delivery banyakalina left and communication systems due to their
pranahanira threatened to endangered. The outbreak of water borne diseases
can occur. Approximately 65% of the 001 districts, the people like the
drought of the skin may occur Sapahar. The health of a variety of diseases
can occur due to drought.
Livelihood Districts Sapahar climate change, floods, droughts, nadibhangana,
ghanakuyasa, drought, etc., if you out to organize disaster krsisampada result,
a tremendous impact on the livelihoods of fisheries resource in the lives of
people and livestock ksatigrastasaha. All you out at 38% of people under the
Sapahar karmasunya can become. This may be caused by the severity of the
economy under Sapahar.
Water Effects of climate change, drought and groundwater Sapahar garbhasta BMW
6 union drastic water level due to lack of water may occur. 14560 hectares of
crops may be lost as a result, many families may suffer economically. The
severity of the disease can be spread in a variety of carmarogasaha and
krsisampada, fisheries resource and livestock may be affected.
Infrastructure In 003, when a sudden storm like climate change and religious institutions in
about 35% of the education infrastructure could face losses, which may
disrupt education. A large number of mud homes have been destroyed in the
attack of the storm 80% could be economically ksatigrasthasaha shelter. If
1988 is about 27575 km beyond the flood damage and may be impassable.
Which may impede communication. 4 Approximately 65 km of erosion union
roads, schools, colleges and other infrastructure can be erosion. 6% of the
submerged mud homes could be a lot of people in the household
economically ksatigrasthasaha shelter.
Source: field visit, 2014
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29
Chapter Three
Disaster Risk Reduction
3. 1. Identification of risk factors
Risk factor of a upazila is very important for income, assets and environment. Disaster risk reduction means to reduce the loss of life or aset and
invironment. Risk factors are identify by the following table
Table 3.1: Risk Factors
Description of risk Causes
Immediate secondary Final
Severe drought in Sapahar, 28575 hectares
of crops affected peasant families 146429
people could be economically
Paryapta not have
irrigation
Bore well related shortage
gabhira
-Useful Not for canal excavation
Sapahar districts sudden attack north-wester
14230 and 28575 hectares of crops have been
lost over 114300 people in the family
economically
Brksanidhana and do not have
enough trees
-Small Be filled Yamuna River
Could be compromised Lack of public
awareness
Going down panira level Tree planting of larger
deforestation and violation of a
public policy
Suddenly, due to the flooding districts
Sapahar 13260 and 28575 hectares of crops
affected families may be economically
Panira strong pressure
dam flooded
-Weather Messages arrive at the
right time
- Dredging through government
policy measures have not
Sugarcane and rice Sapahar square down slope in tide Navigability of rivers, loss of
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30
Description of risk Causes
Immediate secondary Final
kilometers of land in 48 districts of erosion of
the number of crops farmers may suffer
economically
fringe slowly nadira breaks
Sapahar districts of ghanakuyasara
amabaganasaha (buds due to the storm), and
7725 hectares of other crops of orchard
farmers may suffer economically
Panira strong pressure - Do not place the dam have Lack of depth is low and fair
observations nadira
Met the district Sapahar 17372 28575
hectares of crops affected families may be
economically
Absorbent srabana
month
Nadira less depth Lack of supervision and
implementation of dam nadira
9600 homes due to erosion erosion Sapahar
districts may suffer economically
-Weather Messages
arrive at the right time
Do not provide adequate pest-
killing lie with government
Severe drought in 850 districts Sapahar pond
water is affected by different diseases 11385
quintals of fish production could be affected
by economic disruption
Lack janasacetanatara lack of training -National Stage is not aware of
fuzzy weather
Sapahar districts were submerged due to
flooding 80% of the raw 28960 homes
economically affected families and may be
bleak
North West side of the
blowing wind
Do not be concerned with the use
of pesticides according to
requirement.
Cutting trees
3 districts, educational institutions Sapahar
erosion due to erosion in 3950 may disrupt
Panira strong pressure Climate change Environment pollution
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31
Description of risk Causes
Immediate secondary Final
the learning activities students
Met Sapahar districts of livestock died from
the 13438 and 36232 families may suffer
economically
Absorbent srabana
month
Sita and Drizzle
Sapahar districts due to drought, the farmer's
family 32940 15680 164700 hectares of crops
affected people may be economically
-Weather Due to
changes
Lack of depth is low and fair
observations nadira
Because of a severe drought affected districts in
the 26140 Sapahar families may suffer
economically
adequate rain in time Nadira less depth Committee for Implementation of the
dam monitoring nadira
Source: Field survey, Sapahar, 2014
3.2. Way to mitigate the risks identified
Backyard meetings and important persons on the basis of districts Sapahar Union came to discuss the possible risks and ways to mitigate the
risks discussed in detail in the table below to find the:
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32
Table 3.2: Possible ways to mitigate the risks
Description of risk Possible way of risk reduction
Short-term Mid-term Long-term
Severe drought districts Sapahar
13945 and 28575 hectares of crops
affected peasant families 146429
people could be economically
irrigation measures Inadequate
measures to
measures of deep
wells
-digging canals
-increasin the depth of Barnoi river
Sapahar districts sudden attack
north-wester family 161792, 36232,
14230 hectares of crops affected
people may be economically
Brksa not culled
and adequate
Planting
-big trees should not be cut organizing the tree plantation
program with govt. policy
Suddenly, due to the flooding
districts Sapahar 13260 and 28575
hectares of crops affected families
may be economically
Janasacetanatara be
prescribed
Reach the right time
and the correct
interpretation of the
message is -
Weather
-bank of the river should be wrapped with block by the
govt. policy.
Sugarcane and paddy land due to
erosion districts Sapahar 57barga
kilometers large farmers crops may
suffer economically
Badhon supervised Nadi to dredging - River dressing and monitoring the implementation
committee.
-construction of the embankment over the river
-budget allotment
Sapahar districts of ghanakuyasara
amabaganasaha (buds due to the
Closely tied to the
sides of the stones
-provision of adequate incepticides
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33
storm), and 7725 hectares of other
crops of orchard farmers may suffer
economically
on the fringe nadira -creating public awareness about dense fuggy nationally.
Met the district Sapahar 17372 and
28575 hectares of crops affected
families may be economically
Tina, bamboo, and is
arranged to prevent
water pressure by
sandbag
Forest Department and the environment through the
planting of trees adequate balance
9600 homes due to erosion erosion
Sapahar districts may suffer
economically
-Using Advance to
arrange for the
message to reach
Nadira to increase
navigability
Easier to administer and implement the Committee nadi
drejinkara
Severe drought in 850 districts
Sapahar pond water is affected by
different diseases 11385 quintals of
fish production could be affected by
economic disruption
Janasacetanata be in Badhon measures Bank build and budget allocations
Sapahar districts were submerged
due to flooding 80% of the raw
28960 homes economically affected
families and may be bleak
If the crop flow
forecasts saitya knows
best
Given the importance of the reform of the pond from the
stage -National
3 districts, educational institutions
Sapahar erosion due to erosion in
3950 may disrupt the learning
activities students
Measures Samayopayogi used
insecticide
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34
Source: Field survey, Sapahar, 2014
3.3 Development plan of NGOs
Danger due to the slow speed of districts identified Sapahar disaster mitigation measures are seen to neglect. Recently, it has increased disasters
due to climate change, but the trend. Some NGOs have started to work on the disaster, which is very scarce compared to the needs.
Met Sapahar districts of livestock
died from the 13438 and 36232
families may suffer economically
Tina, bamboo, and is
arranged to prevent
water pressure by
sandbag
Krsi training system government infrastructure by implementing policies
Sapahar districts due to drought, the
farmer's family 32940 15680
164700 hectares of crops affected
people may be economically
Pani is irrigated Janaganake Met
Because of a severe drought
affected districts in the 26140
Sapahar families may suffer
economically
Be aware of Sarakarera accept the policy and will bastabayana
Sapahar districts sudden attack
north-wester 43200 students in 108
educational institutions have been
destroyed may disrupt educational
activities
Badhon sandbag into
the water to prevent
the system
Livestock medical center put by govt. Policy
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35
Table 3.3: NGOs in the Development Plan
Sl No. NGO What issues they work No. of beneficiary Amountof taka Project duration
01 Bangladesh
Lutharence
Mission
Finance
(BLMF)
Foundation by the agency, medical services,
public awareness and development of plantation
and arsenic tests, including training activities 2300-2500
(assumption) 3500-4000 tk. Running
02 ASA Lending, tree planting, medical services,
education, financial, health and awareness
about the use of latrines
3000-3200
(assumption) 5000-5500 tk. Running
03 Resource
integration
organization
Small loans to operate 1500-
1700(assumption) 6000-10000 tk Running
04 Thangamara
Mohila Sobuj
Songho (TMSS)
Employment and training programs for micro-
credit activities and 2800-3000
(assumption) 3000-4000 Tk Running
05 Dabi Moulik
Unnayan
Songstha
Small loans to operate 1900-
2000(assumption) 5000-6000 Tk Running
06 Ashroy Sanitation, prevent child marriage, not the
yautukake
2400-2600
(assumption) 4000-5000 Tk Running
07 Brac Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities, non-formal education activities
2700-
2900(assumption) 5000-6000 Tk Running
08 Karitas Public awareness activities 2500-
2600(assumption) 5500-6000 Tk Running
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36
Sl No. NGO What issues they work No. of beneficiary Amountof taka Project duration
09 Web
Foundation
Democratic Local Governance to strengthen
project
1500-1700
(assumption) 3000-4000 Tk Running
10 Aloha Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities
1300-1500
(assumption) 3500-4000 Tk Running
11 Ghasful Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities
1900-2000
(assumption) 3500-4000 Tk Running
12 Borendravumi
Somaj Unnayan
Babostha
Mulch works in agricultural development 2600-2900
(assumption) 5000-6000 Tk Running
13 HRDS Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities
1600-1900
(assumption) 4500-5000 Tk Running
14 Hasi Bural
Development
Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities
1900-2100
(assumption) 4000-5000 Tk Running
15 Sapahar Somaj
Unnayan
Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities, non-formal education activities
2400-2600
(assumption) 4500-5000 Tk Running
16 SBMSS Micro-credit activities, social, developmental
activities
2200-2400
(assumption) 3500-4500 Tk Running
Source: upazila parishad, sapahar, 2014
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37
3.4. Disaster Management Plan
3.4.1. Pre Disaster Preparation
Table 3.4: Pre-disaster functions, Target, Budget, implementation and integration
Sl
No.
F
unct
ion
Tar
get
s
Poss
ible
Budget
Wher
e p
erfo
rms
Imple
men
tati
on D
ate
Who perfoms and
how amount
Integration with Development Plan
Upaz
ila
- ad
min
istr
atio
n
Com
munuty
UP
NG
O
1 River Dressing 12 km.
9-10
crore
tk.
Punarvaba
river
October-
january
100
In order to reduce the risk of disaster
operations in the area immediately east
of the preparation in making people
aware of that initiative. As a result,
people's lives and help reduce property
damage. Operations if properly
implemented, will contribute to the
overall socio-economic and national
development.
2 Construction of
bank side the river 25 km.
10-12
crore
tk.
Gopalgonj
bazar-
Hapania
bazar
November-
January 35 1 25 25se
3
Setting deep
tubewell and
proper
investigation
Total 30,
depth:220-250
ft.
3 crore
and 80
lac tk.
Tilna,
Sapahar and
Goala union
Any timeof
the year
60 2 10 28
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38
Sl
No.
F
unct
ion
Tar
get
s
Poss
ible
Budget
Wher
e p
erfo
rms
Imple
men
tati
on D
ate
Who perfoms and
how amount
Integration with Development Plan
Upaz
ila
- ad
min
istr
atio
n
Com
munuty
UP
NG
O
4
Organizing
agriculture training
Ward wise 65
training 2-3 lac
tk.
Upazila agri
office
August-
october 40 5 15 40
5
Sending weather
message properly
from the national
level
Creatin
awareness with
helping the
member
5-6 lac
tk.
Every ward of
the each union
January-
february
20 1 60 20
6
During the disaster
period to make the
people rational
about warning
description
Ward wise
forming a team of
20 membersrain
them
30-35
lac tk.
Different ward
of every union May-june 15 5 20 60
7
By excavating
pond to store
water(with govt.
pond)
Depth 20 ft.
exists 10 ft.
50-60
lac tk.
Different ward
of every union