DIVISION SIXDIVISION SIXTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENTTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Ⅰ. General Introduction

Ⅱ. French Philosophy and Literature

Ⅲ. English Literature

Ⅳ. German Literature and Philosophy

Ⅴ. Art

Ⅵ. Music

General IntroductionGeneral Introduction

1. Enlightenment

2. Historical Context

1. Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu1. Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu

a. Persian Letters

b. The Spirit of the Laws

2. Voltaire 2. Voltaire

a. Lettres Anglaise

b. Candide

3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

a. The Origin of Human Inequality

b. The New Heloise

c. Emile, or On Education

d. The Social Contract

e. The ConfessionsLes Charmettes: the house where Jean-Jacques Rousseau lived with Mme de Warens in 1735-6. Now a museum dedicated to Rousseau.

Palazzo belonging to Tommaso Querini at 968 Cannaregio Venice that served as the French Embassy during Rousseau's period as Secretary to the Ambassador

The tomb of Rousseau in the crypt of

the Panthéon, Paris

4. Denis Diderot4. Denis Diderot

a. Philosophical Thoughts

b. Letters on the Blind

c. Encyclopédie

d. Elements of Physiology

e. Rameau’s Nephew

English LiteratureEnglish Literature

1. Alexander Pope

2. Daniel Defoe

3. Jonathan Swift

4. Samuel Richardson

5. Henry Fielding

6. Samuel Johnson

7. Journalism and the Periodical Essay

Alexander PopeAlexander Pope

a. Essay on Criticism

b. The Rape of the Lock

c. Dunciad

d. Essay on Man

Daniel Defoe

Jonathan Swift

a. A Modest Proposal

b. Gulliver’s Travels

Samuel Richardson

Henry Fielding

Samuel Johnson

German Literature and PhilosophyGerman Literature and Philosophy

1. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

2. Wolfgang von Goethe

3. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller

4. Immanuel Kant

1. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing1. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

a. Minna Von Barnhelm

b. Nathan the Wise

c. Laocoon

d. Hamburgische Dramaturgie

2. Wolfgang von Goethe

a. The Sorrows of Young Werther

b. Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship

c. Wilhelm Meister’s Travels

d. Faust

e. Poetry and Truth

3. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller

a. The Robber

b. Cabal and Love

c. Wallenstein

d. Wilhelm Tell

4. Immanuel Kant

a. General History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens

b. Critique of Pure Reason

c. Critique of Practical Reason

d. Critique of Judgment

Art

1. Rococo Art

2. Typical Works and Major Artists

Typical Works and Major Artists

a. Salon de la princesse, Hôtel de Soubise

b. Rococo Painters

ⅰⅰ.. Antoine WatteauAntoine Watteau

L'Enseigne de Gersaint (1720): In one of Watteau's last paintings, the portrait of Louis XIV and his own artworks are being packed away. The painter had no reason to expect that his name would be remembered long.

Watteau's commedia dell'arte player of Pierrot, ca 1718-19, traditionally identified as "Gilles" (Louvre)

La Boudeuse from the Hermitage Museum: "Flirting coquettishly yet innocently, the artist's imaginary heroes – the deliberately indifferent lady and her insistently attentive cavalier – are shown with gentle irony. Their fragile, elegant world is dominated by a lyrical mood with

just a touch of elegiac melancholy."

ⅱ. Francois Boucher

The Toilet of Venus (1751) typifies the superficially pleasing elegance of Boucher's mature style.

The Breakfast (1739).

Marie-Louise O'Murphy c. 1752

Music Music

1. The Musical Enlightenment

2. The Classical Period

a. Johann Sebastian Bacha. Johann Sebastian Bach

Violin Sonata No. 1 in G minor (BWV 1001) in Bach's handwriting

Frontispiece of Bach's Clavier-Büchlein vor Anna Magdalena Bach, composed in 1722 for his second wife

The opening of the six-part fugue from The Musical Offering, in Bach's hand

b. George Friderick Handel

The Classical PeriodThe Classical Period

a. Joseph Haydn

b. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart