DIVIDED BY WARDIVIDED BY WAR

1861-18651861-1865

       1. George Washington - Term of Office (1789-1797)

       2. John Adams (1797-1801)

       3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

       4. James Madison (1809-1817)

       5. James Monroe (1817-1825)

       6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

       7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

       8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)

       9. William H. Harrison (1841)

       10. John Tyler (1841-1845)

       11. James K. Polk (1845-1849)

       12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)

       13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)

       14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)

       15. James Buchanan (1857-1861)

       16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

THE SECESSION CRISISTHE SECESSION CRISIS

Lincoln’s election leads So. Carolina Lincoln’s election leads So. Carolina to secedeto secede

Dec. 20Dec. 20thth 1860 1860Question: Would other states follow?Question: Would other states follow?

Why did the

South Break

Away?

Political Balance Turning to the North

ElectionOf 1860threatenSlave-holdingminority

Angry over

Northern criticism

And interference

ThoughtSecession

would be

unopposed

Wanted to end

dependence

on the North

Morally thought they were right

THE CRITTENDEN THE CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE DEC. 1860COMPROMISE DEC. 1860

John Crittenden proposes a John Crittenden proposes a compromisecompromise

A series of constitutional amendmentA series of constitutional amendmentHopes to convince South not to leave.Hopes to convince South not to leave.

THE TERMS OF THE THE TERMS OF THE COMPROMISECOMPROMISE

Restore the Missouri Compromise Restore the Missouri Compromise Line 36,30Line 36,30

Unamendable amendment to Unamendable amendment to guarantee slavery where it exists.guarantee slavery where it exists.

A special committee formed to work A special committee formed to work out the deal.out the deal.

REPUBLICAN & LINCOLN REPUBLICAN & LINCOLN REJECT THE REJECT THE

COMPROMISE. COMPROMISE. It would violate the It would violate the

Republican Republican Platforms.Platforms.

Compromise is Compromise is defeated in defeated in committee.committee.

Last hope of Last hope of avoiding war is gone.avoiding war is gone.

SIX MORE STATES SIX MORE STATES SECEDE SECEDE

Before Lincoln is Inaugurated.Before Lincoln is Inaugurated.Feb. 18Feb. 18thth, 1861 the confederate , 1861 the confederate

States of AmericaStates of AmericaJefferson Davis elected presidentJefferson Davis elected president

LINCOLN IS INAUGURATED LINCOLN IS INAUGURATED MARCH 1861MARCH 1861

Inaugural Address tries to reassure Inaugural Address tries to reassure the South.the South.

““I have no power or desire to end I have no power or desire to end slavery where it exists”slavery where it exists”

If you want war you will have to start If you want war you will have to start it.it.

PRESIDENT BUCHANAN PRESIDENT BUCHANAN DOES NOTHING.DOES NOTHING.

He was a “Lame Duck” waiting to He was a “Lame Duck” waiting to leave officeleave office

FORT SUMTER FORT SUMTER CHARLESTON, SO CHARLESTON, SO

CAROLINACAROLINA Major Anderson in command of Major Anderson in command of

the Fortthe Fort Lincoln tries to send supplies.Lincoln tries to send supplies. 4:30 am April 12, 1861 Gen. 4:30 am April 12, 1861 Gen.

Beauregard opens fire.Beauregard opens fire. No one killed.No one killed.

LINCOLN CALLS FOR LINCOLN CALLS FOR 75,000 VOLUNTEERS.75,000 VOLUNTEERS.

Virginia, Ark., Tenn., N. Carolina join Virginia, Ark., Tenn., N. Carolina join the Confederacythe Confederacy

The border states are critical. The border states are critical. Maryland and Kentucky.Maryland and Kentucky.

MORE…MORE…

Lincoln: “I hope God is on our side, Lincoln: “I hope God is on our side, but I must have Kentucky.”but I must have Kentucky.”

Lincoln moves to hold Maryland. Lincoln moves to hold Maryland. Suspends Habeas CorpusSuspends Habeas Corpus

Kentucky remains loyal.Kentucky remains loyal.

THE SOUTHERN POSITIONTHE SOUTHERN POSITION

ConfidentConfidentFighting for independence, not Fighting for independence, not

slavery.slavery.Only had to defend to winOnly had to defend to winYankees had no character would quit.Yankees had no character would quit.

THE NORTHERN POSITIONTHE NORTHERN POSITION

Confident of VictoryConfident of VictoryNorth was stronger than SouthNorth was stronger than SouthFighting to preserve the UnionFighting to preserve the UnionSecession was treason!Secession was treason!

THE MILITARY BALANCE THE MILITARY BALANCE SHEET.SHEET.

Southern military traditionSouthern military traditionSoutherners highly motivatedSoutherners highly motivatedHad best officers at start of the warHad best officers at start of the warFighting on home ground.Fighting on home ground.

THE NORTHTHE NORTH

Larger populationLarger population4 times as many soldiers4 times as many soldiersMore factoriesMore factoriesMost railroads in the NorthMost railroads in the NorthA navy blockade in the SouthA navy blockade in the South

CIVIL LEADERS PRES. CIVIL LEADERS PRES. LINCOLNLINCOLN

Lincoln had no military experienceLincoln had no military experienceNot respected by many Not respected by many Clever and wise politicianClever and wise politician

JEFFERSON DAVIS JEFFERSON DAVIS

Political experiencePolitical experienceWest point grad, veteran of Mexican West point grad, veteran of Mexican

WarWarSec of WarSec of WarNot a skilled politician.Not a skilled politician.38 vetoes, all but one overridden.38 vetoes, all but one overridden.

MOBILIZING FOR WAR.MOBILIZING FOR WAR.

Both sides rely on volunteersBoth sides rely on volunteersUnion pays bountiesUnion pays bounties““Bounty jumping”Bounty jumping”1863 Congress passes a draft1863 Congress passes a draftMen 20 to 45Men 20 to 45

MORE…MORE…

Draft was unfairDraft was unfair$300 could buy exemption$300 could buy exemptionYou could hire a substituteYou could hire a substituteSouth passes draft in 1862South passes draft in 186218 to 45 years old.18 to 45 years old.Large slave owners exemptLarge slave owners exemptAfrican Americans Fighting African Americans Fighting

PAYING FOR THE WARPAYING FOR THE WAR

South sold bonds (40% of costs)South sold bonds (40% of costs)Rest paid by printing moneyRest paid by printing moneyCaused runaway inflationCaused runaway inflationNorth passed income taxNorth passed income taxTaxed manufacturers and sold bonds.Taxed manufacturers and sold bonds.

MORE…MORE…

By 1862 War cost $1.75 million per dayBy 1862 War cost $1.75 million per dayNorth passes the Legal Tender Act: Issues North passes the Legal Tender Act: Issues

paper money called “greenbacks”paper money called “greenbacks”National Banking Act 1863 – Banks must National Banking Act 1863 – Banks must

buy federal bonds.buy federal bonds.

MOVING WEST AND DEATH OF MOVING WEST AND DEATH OF COTTON KINGCOTTON KING

Homestead Act 1862Homestead Act 1862Gold and mining (62’)Gold and mining (62’)Morrill Land Grant Act (62’)Morrill Land Grant Act (62’)Pacific Railway Act (63’)Pacific Railway Act (63’)BlockadeBlockade

BENDING THE CONSTITUTIONBENDING THE CONSTITUTION

BlockadeBlockade Increasing Army and NavyIncreasing Army and NavyExtended enlistmentExtended enlistmentSecurity MoneySecurity MoneyHabeas CorpusHabeas Corpus ““Supervised” votingSupervised” voting

BRITAINBRITAIN

Trent AffairTrent AffairUnofficial naval base for ConfederacyUnofficial naval base for ConfederacyLaird RamsLaird Rams

FRANCEFRANCE

Napoleon IIINapoleon IIIConquer MexicoConquer Mexico