diversity within the european territory

8/7/2019 Diversity within the European territory

1/26

Diversity within the European territoryA selection of new European maps

ESPON Briefing 1November 2004

Co-financed by the European Community through the Interreg III ESPON Programme


2/26

Theme

The dynamics of economic performance

Hotspots of demographic change

Polycentricity in the European urban system

The diversity of rural-urban relations

Accessibility complex core-periphery patterns

The diverse impacts of EU transport projects oncohesion

The roll-out of Information and CommunicationTechnology

Innovation capacity and R&D with high diversity

Areas of concentrated risks and hazards

An initial analysis of Europes globalcompetitiveness

Corresponding map

Development of the gross domestic product,1995 2001

Components of population development,1996-1999

Potential polycentric regions in Europe

Urban-rural typology

Potential accessibilit y mult imodal, 2001

Change of GDP per capita when implementingTEN/TINA and higher transport costs,2001-2021

Households telecommunications uptake,2002

The importance of Research & Development,2002

Large river flood events recurrence, 1987-2002

World economic potential

Page

4-5

6-7

8-9

10-11

12-13

14-15

16-17

18-19

20-21

22-23

Selected t hemes


3/26


4/26

Concept/methodology/measurementGDP per capita is one of the main indicators ofEuropean Cohesion Policy used for illustratingthe state and pace of economic convergence.Current debates on the economic performanceof countries illustrate that it is not only theabsolute values of GDP per capita that are ofinterest here, but also their dynamics and devel-

opment rates. The map reflects the averageannual change in GDP per capita for the timeperiod 1995 to 2001.

Map findingsWithin the EU 15, the four Cohesion Countriesof Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain aredominated by regions with comparable highannual change rates, i.e. mostly above 6 percent.

Ireland in particular stands out here with almostall of its regions showing growth rates above 10percent, though in Greece too, a considerablenumber of regions had growth rates of 10 per-cent or more. Note should also be made here ofthe fact that regions with such high growth ratesare rare in other parts of the member states ofthe EU 15.

Another observation deriving from the map iscertainly the higher than average growth rates inregions of the new EU Member States comparedto regions of the former EU 15. It seems herethat the capital regions of the new EU Member

States in general are doing well. In addition, ina few countries such as Poland, Lithuania andSlovakia other regions can be characterised ashaving a good performance and overall havinga balancing effect on the national territories.

As regards the accession countries, the growthrates of Romania have the lowest values as

compared to Bulgaria, where the regions alsostart from a rather low level, however theannual growth rates are somewhat higher.

ConclusionsConsidering not only the nominal GDP percapita, but also the dynamics in terms of annualgrowth rates, helps to better illustrate whichregions are in the process of catching up,

while also pointing out those where there arepotential concentration zones of wealth (regionswith high GDP per capita and high growthrates). This information is of particular interestfor understanding other aspects of territorialdevelopment, which are themselves ofteninterlinked with the economic performance.

The dynamics of economic perf ormance

Page 4 ESPON Brief ing 1


5/26

P roject 3.1, BB R, 2004

Development of the grossdo me st ic prod uct , 1995 2001

Average yearly development of GDP per capita in

Purchasing Power Standards in percent 1995 to

2001*

to below 2

2 to below 4

4 to below 6

6 to below 8

8 to below 10

10 to below 12

12 and more

ESPON Briefing 1 Page 5

EuroGeographics Association for the administrative

boundaries

Origin of data: Eurostat - Regio online, National

Statistical Offices

Regional level: NUTS 3

*Romania 1998 - 2001

Source: ESPONDatabase

This map does not

necessarily reflect the

opinion of the ESPONMonitoring Committee


6/26


7/26

Paris

Bruxelles/Brussel

London

Luxembourg

Bern

Amsterdam

Lisboa

MadridRoma

Valletta

Kobenhavn

Oslo

Stockholm

Riga

Vilnius

Tallinn

Helsinki

Minsk

Kishinev

WarszawaBerlin

Praha

Wien Bratislava

Budapest

Ljubljana

ZagrebBeograd Bucuresti

Sofiya

Sarajevo

Skopje

Tirana

Athinai

Ankara

Nicosia

Dublin

Reykjavik

This map does not

necessarily reflect the


ESPON Brief ing 1 Page 7

Population development by components

Population increase with

positive migratory balance and

positive natural balance


negative natural balance

negative migratory balance and


Population decrease w ith

negative migratory balance and



negative natural balance

negative migratory balance andnegative natural balance

no data

NB: Cyprus and Malta are not covered by t his map

as there is no comparable migration data available

for the period 1996-99.

Components of populationdevelopment, 1996-1999


boundaries

Origin of data:

EU15 and CCs: Eurostat, Norway and Switzerland:

National Statistical Offices

Regional level:

NUTS 2 for AT, CH, DE, FI, GR, MT, NL, PT, SE, UK

NUTS 3 for other countries

Source: ESPON Database


8/26


9/26

Project 1.1.1, Nordregio, 2004 Partly made with Philcarto

This map does notnecessarily reflect the


ESPON Brief ing 1 Page 9

Difference between the European rank of

individual cities and the European rank of the

corresponding Potential Integration Area (PIA)

considering t he main city of each PIA only

The Potential Integration Area includes

neighbouring cities with overlapping potential

commuter areas, w hich could gain f rom co-

operation and a common use of comparative

functional advantages

+516

+100

PIA rank > FUA rank

+50

0

-50

PIA rank < FUA rank

-100

-338

Population of cities according to national

definitions of functional urban areas.

11 175 000

7 650 000

2 900 000

850 000

13 000

Potential polycentricregions in Europe


boundaries

Origin of data: Eurostat, National Statistical Offices,

national experts, Nordregio

UTH delimination: RRG

PIA identification: Nordregio



10/26


11/26




Urban-rural typology, based on population density,

ranking of Functional Urban Areas and land cover

High urban influence, high human intervention

High urban influence, medium human intervention

High urban influence, low human intervention

Low urban influence, high human intervention

Low urban influence, medium human intervention

Low urban influence, low human int ervention

no data

NB: Cyprus, Malta and Norway are not covered by

this map as there is currently no comparable data

on land cover available (cf. CORINE database).

Urban-rural typology


boundaries

Ranking of Functional Urban Areas (FUAs):Origin of data: Eurostat, National Statistical Offices,

national experts

Source: Nordregio, ESPON Database

Population density:

Origin of data: EU25: Eurostat, Norway and Switzerland:

National Statistical Offices

Time reference: 1999

Land cover types:

Origin of data: EEA, Corine Land Cover



12/26


13/26




Accessibility index (EU25+2 = 100)

0 < 20

20 < 40

European

40 < 60 accessibility

below average

60 < 80

80 < 100

100 < 120

120 < 140

European

140 < 160 accessibility

above average

160 < 180

180 and more

In this map, potential accessibility describes the

opportunities (population) to be reached in

Europe, weighted by the time it takes to reach

them. Multimodal accessibili ty expresses the

combined effect of alternative transport modes,

i.e. an aggregated picture of road, rail and air

accessibility for a certain location.

Potential accessibilitymultimodal, 2001


boundaries

Origin of data: Spiekermann & Wegener (S&W)



14/26


15/26




Change of equivalent variation in % of GDP

-1.0 -0.8

-0.8 -0.6

-0.6 -0.4

-0.4 -0.2

-0.2 0.0

0.0 0.2

0.2 0.4

0.4 0.6

0.6 0.8

0.8 1.0

1.0 1.2

no data

Change of GDP per capitawhen implementing TEN/TINAand higher transport costs,2001-2021


boundaries

Origin of data: CGEurope model results




16/26


17/26




Level of telecommunications uptake

very high

high

moderately high

moderate

low

very low

no data

The map focuses on households, combining fixed

telephones, mobile phones, PC access, internet

access and broadband internet access.

Households telecommunicationsuptake, 2002


boundaries

Origin of data: CURDS



18/26


19/26


20/26


21/26

Project 1.3.1, Geological Survey of Finland, 2003




Flood recurrence

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Large river flood eventsrecurrence, 1987-2002


boundaries

Origin of data:

Large flood areas Dartmouth Flood Observatory

Flood areas ESA - Earth observation - Earth online

Rhine At las 2001 IKRS-CIPR-ICBR




22/26


23/26

Project 3.1, CNRS-UMR G ographie-cit s-GDR Liber g o, 2003

NORTHERN

AMERICA

WESTERN

EUROPE

EASTERN

ASIA

South-Eastern

America

Southern

Africa

South-Western

Pacific

This map does not

necessarily reflect theopinion of the ESPON

Monitoring CommitteeESPON Briefing 1 Page 23

GDP 1995 located in a gaussian neighbourhood

span of 1000 km in billions of US $

5000

2500

1000

50 0

25 0

10 0

50

25

10

5

2. 5

1

0

The economic potential of a point at the surface of

the earth is the sum of all local economic

concentrations of GDP weighted by a decreasing

function of distance. The function used in this

analysis is a gaussian function f(d) = exp(-a.d )where f(250 km) = 0.5

World economic potential

Map contour and projection: SAS-MAP revised

by UMR G ographie-cit s

Source of data: World Bank - World population datasheet

Computation of potential ID-IMAG / The Hypercarte Project

Source: ESPONDatabase


24/26

The ESPON programme will seek to furtherdevelop the knowledge available on both thewider trends and the actual impacts of policies.The maps and interpretations presented in thisbriefing therefore present examples of researchactivities and studies that may potentially supportpolicy development at the European as well asthe transnational, national and regional/local

levels.

As the recently adopted (but still not ratified)EU Constitution mentions territorial cohesion asan objective for the European Union, it thusbecomes a challenge to consider the provisionof thorough and continuous knowledge andmonitoring of the dynamics of the Europeanterritory.

The initial findings of ESPON have been includedin policy documents such as the Third CohesionReport, published by the European Commission,and in documents related to meetings organisedby countries holding the EU Presidency. Thevariety of ESPON research themes decided uponby the ESPON Monitoring Committee is intendedto support further policy development and to

detail the new concept of territorial cohesion.

Applied territorial research and other connectedstudies are the building blocks of a systematic

observation of territorial trends and policyimpacts, which allows us to deduce well-foundedpolicy recommendations and implement policymaking that relies upon a broad knowledgebase.

The ESPON programme will strive to provide asolid and innovative framework for a European

research network in the field of territorialdevelopment. The participation of more than100 research institutions has fert ilised theESPON approach and broadened the roots ofESPON thinking and activities throughout theEuropean research community that has shown abroad interest in the European territorialresearch themes as defined in the ESPONprogramme.

An ongoing necessary is however the mainten-ance of a continuing dialogue with policymakers, practitioners and scientists on the finalESPON research results, as this is crucial forensuring that the ESPON results are of practicaluse to policy makers and practitioners.

As part of this dialogue you are welcome to

consult the ESPON website on the full reports(www.espon.lu) and to state your views andproposals in relation to this first ESPON Briefingby e-mail, to [email protected].

Concluding remarks

Page 24 ESPON Briefing 1


25/26

Information on the ESPON programme, the fullproject reports and the partuers involved can befound on www.espon.lu.

The web site provides the possibility to down-load and examine the most recent documentproduced by ongoing ESPON projects.

ISBN 2-9599669-0-2

The ESPON Programme and the partners ofthe projects mentioned

Reproduction is authorised provided the sourceis acknowledged and a copy is sent to theESPON Coordination Unit

Printed in DenmarkNovember 2004

Printed on environmental friendly, chlorine-freepaper

Disclaimer:The content of this document is based on theresearch results provided by the transnational

teams of researchers taking part in the ESPONprogramme. As such, the maps and theircorresponding texts do not necessarily reflectthe opinion of the ESPON MonitoringCommittee.


26/26

The European Spatial Observation Network (ESPON) is set up to support policy

development and to build a European scientific community in the field of territorial

development. The main aim is to increase the general body of knowledge about

territorial structures, trends and policy impacts in an enlarged European Union. The

ESPON programme commenced in 2002.

The purpose of this first ESPON Briefing is to stimulate a dialogue on ESPON results.

As part of this dialogue you are welcome to state your views and proposals by

e-mail to [email protected].

www.espon.lu

diversity within the european territory

Documents