diversity of veterinary services in saarc diversity of veterinary services in saarc countries”...
TRANSCRIPT
Diversity of Veterinary Services
in SAARC Countries
SAARC Agriculture Centre
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FOREWORD
SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) has initiated the program on
Diversity of Veterinary Services in SAARC Countries during the
year 2012 and requested the respective member states to nominate
focal point professional to write a country status report on the topic
as per guidelines provided. Further, SAC has received seven country
status reports from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Subsequently, these country status reports
were presented and discussed in details in a consultation meeting
organized by the centre in collaboration with Pakistan Agricultural
Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan during July 17-18,
2012. The main purpose of the program was to understand the existing national veterinary
systems and practices in the SAARC countries, to study the veterinary research education
extension and farmers linkage in the SAARC countries, to assess the essential components
of rational delivery mechanism of veterinary services in the SAARC region, to know the
services provided by the different category of community livestock service providers and
their effectiveness at the community level in the SAARC region, to find out the role of
public and private sector at veterinary services among the SAARC region and constraints
and opportunities for expansion of such services in SAARC region.
The role of veterinary services has traditionally been extended from the farm to the
slaughterhouse, where veterinarians have a dual responsibility- epidemiology surveillance of
animal diseases and ensuring the safety and suitability of meat. The education and training of
veterinarians, which include both animal health and food hygiene components make them
uniquely equipped to play a central role in ensuring food safety, especially the safety of
foods of animal origin. In south Asian countries private veterinary practices has been
gradually emerging with the availability of manpower, progressive increase of socio-
economic status and diversification of the profession. The government at this stage needs to
patronize veterinary private service and to extend moral and material support to develop this
sector
Livestock plays an important role in the socio-economic development, employment
generation and livelihood improvement in the South Asian region. SAARC countries possess
358 million cattle/buffaloes and 230 million sheep/goats. Average densities of livestock in
this region is highest in the world; 70-137 km-2 against the world average of 29 km
-2.
Contribution of livestock to agricultural GDP varies between 8% to 56%. SAARC countries
share to worlds meat production is only 3.4% despite rearing a large herd of ruminants.
Shortage of feed, poor veterinary services, wide spread infectious, parasitic, metabolic and
deficiency diseases, poor growth, late sexual maturity, poor fertility, poor nutrition, higher
calf mortality and limited skill manpowers are the major causes for reduced livestock output
in the region.
It has been established that the improvement of livestock in terms of health and productivity
play a key role in the rural development and this is very much embedded in providing useful
veterinary services. Our national leaders inspire us to feel that if villages are survived,
country will live this means the strengthening of the improvement of the socio-economic
vi
conditions of rural people. Most of the rural community people are directly or indirectly
dependent on livestock.
Livestock in rural community of South Asian countries belongs mostly to domestic holdings.
However, due to rapid urbanization few organized farms are seen. In rural areas the
constraint of livestock development rests not only on the lack of knowledge and skills but
the affordability and accessibility of veterinary services, drugs and vaccines are constantly
ignored. Veterinary services all over the world are no more within the boundary of treatment
only and also do not constitute the basic clinical activities. It is high time for us to realize
this concept that the veterinary responsibility fits into the full spectrum of veterinary public
health.
Veterinary services play a significant role at the interface of human, animal and
environmental health. In the recent years there has been significant increase in emerging and
re-emerging diseases and that 75% of these diseases are being transmitted from animals.
Humans, animals and animal products have now been moving freely around the world and
therefore pathogens are adapting, finding new environment, and moving across species into
new hosts.
Considering its importance, veterinary services has to be standardized and extended at field
level to cope with the community demand. It is necessary for assessing and ensuring good
veterinary services for better livestock production and productivity in SAARC member
countries. I hope this document will help educationist, academia, scientists and policy
makers to exchange new knowledge and ideas to build good veterinary services in their
respective country.
The centre sincerely acknowledges the continuous support and contribution of all focal point
professionals who have kindly responded to our request and provided a comprehensive
country status profile very sincerely and efficiently. My sincere thanks and appreciation to
Dr. Haleem Hasnain, former member, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council for his
technical contribution. I covey my sincere thanks to Dr. Md. Nure Alam Siddiky, Senior
Program Officer (Livestock) who has successfully coordinated the whole work.
Dr. Abul Kalam Azad
Director
SAARC Agriculture Centre
vii
CONTENTS
Foreword v
Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
Executive Summary xi
Diversity of Veterinary Services in Afghanistan 01
Diversity of Veterinary Services in Bangladesh 37
Diversity of Veterinary Services in Bhutan 71
Diversity of Veterinary Services in India 123
Diversity of Veterinary Services in Nepal 191
Diversity of Veterinary Services in Pakistan 249
Diversity of Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka 293
Regional expert consultation meeting at Pakistan 325
viii
ix
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AI : Artificial Insemination
CoRRB : Council of RNR Research of Bhutan
DANIDA : Danish International Development Agency
DG : Director General
DDG : Deputy Director General
DYT : District Development Committee in Nepal
GYT : Block Development Committee in Nepal
HRD : Human Resource Development
HRM : Human Resource Management
ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research
LETC : Livestock Extension Training Centre
MAIL : Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock
MOAC : Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
PPP : Public-Private-Partnership
RNR : Renewable Natural Resources
PARC : Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
SWOT : Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
TLDP : Third Livestock Development Project
VDC : Village Development Committee
VFU : Veterinary Field Unit
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