ditommaso jsp pn iii-libre

Journal for the study of the Pseudepigrapha

Vol 20.1 (2010): 3-80 The Author(s), 2010. Reprints and Permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0951820710382359 http://JSP.sagepub.com

Pseudepigrapha Notes III:

4. Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in the

Yale University Manuscript Collection LORENZO DITOMMASO Department of Religion, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montral H3G 1M8, Canada Abstract This is the third in a series of articles intended to present the results of manuscript research or provide bibliographic updates relevant to the study of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. This article identies and discusses the importance of manuscript copies of Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, and in several cases provides editions of their texts.

Keywords: Pseudepigrapha, manuscripts, Sibylline Oracles, Jubilees, Testaments of the XII Patriarchs, Historia de sancta cruce, Revelatio Esdrae, Adam, Solomon, Daniel, Ezra, Sibyl, Yale University, Beinecke Library. The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, preserves MS copies of twenty ancient and mediaeval Old Testament Pseudepigrapha.1 This study, the third in a series of Pseudepigrapha 1. Research for this study has been funded by 20052008 and 20082011 Standard Research Grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, a 2009 University of Chicago Library Special Collections Research Fellowship, and a 2010 Research Fellowship at the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbttel, Germany. I thank Andrew Crislip, Virginia Commonwealth University, for information about the texts of P.CtYBR 4995 (art. 1), Michael E. Stone, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, for data on Armenian MSS of Daniel dreambooks (art. 2), Franoise Fery-Hue, IHRT-CNRS, for kindly permitting the reproduction of her edition of the Reuelatio Esdrae of

at CONCORDIA UNIV LIBRARY on September 3, 2010jsp.sagepub.comDownloaded from

4 Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 20.1 (2010)

Notes,2 identies and discusses the importance of these copies, and in some cases provides editions of their texts or a conspectus of the MSS.3 The following list presents an overview of the data, with the language of each composition in parentheses:4 1. P.CtYBR inv. 4995: Jubilees (Coptic) 2. MS 163: Lunationes Danielis (Latin) 3. MS 365: Abraham and Isaac (Middle English) 4. MS 365: XV signa ante iudicium (Middle English) 5. MS 395: Two copies of the Lunationes Danielis (Old French) 6. MS 395: Reuelatio Esdrae (Old French) 7. MS 404: The Origin of the Monstrous Races (Latin) 8. MS 404: Poenitentia Salomonis (Latin) 9. MS 407: Testamenta XII patriarcharum (Latin) 10. MS 411: Prophetia Sibyllina (French) (Latin) 11. MS 504: Three copies of the Reuelatio Esdrae [text three: Ezechiol de eodem]

(Latin) 12. MS 542: Reuelatio Esdrae (Greek) 13. MS 714: Historia de sancta cruce (Latin) 14. MS 730: Propheticum Sibyllae Erythraeae (Latin) 15. MS 989: Somniale Danielis (Latin) 16. MS Marston 225: Sibylla Tiburtina (Latin)

Yale MS 395 (art. 6), Julian Harrison, Curator of Mediaeval Manuscripts at the British Library, and Meradith McMunn, Rhode Island College, for identifying the current cordinates of MS Ashburnham Appendix 171 (art. 6), Luba Frastacky, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, for her assistance with a rare M.R. James volume (art. 7), Steven P. Weitzman, Stanford University, for information about Solomon apocrypha (art. 8), Michael E. Stone (bis) and Emmanouela Grypeou, Cam-bridge University, for data regarding a Greek Penitence of Solomon and other MSS (art. 8), and Adam Gacek, Head Librarian of the Islamic Studies Library, McGill University, for assistance with the title of a Daniel text (art. 20). I am indebted to the staff of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, in particular Mr. Morgan Swan. 2. Pseudepigrapha Notes I, JSP 15 (2006), 39-64; Pseudepigrapha Notes II, JSP 18 (2008), 83-162. 3. Variant or unique orthography is neither normalised nor highlighted. Unless specically indicated by underlining, abbreviations are expanded silently. 4. This survey is restricted to literary texts. With few exceptions, it does not cover apocryphal stories embedded in homilies, sermons, commentaries, prayers, or chron-icles, nor is it concerned with apocryphal traditions that stand behind MS illustrations. For bibliographies, see F. Stegmller (and F. Reinhardt), Repertorium biblicum medii aevi (11 vols.; Madrid: Instituto Francisco Surez, 195080), J.-C. Haelewyck, Clavis apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (Turnhout: Brepols, 1998), and L. DiTommaso, A Bibliography of Pseudepigrapha Research, 18501999 (JSPSup, 39; Shefeld: Shefeld Academic Press, 2001).


DITOMMASO Pseudepigrapha Notes III 5

17. MS Marston 255: Testamenta XII patriarcharum (Latin) 18. MS Marston 287: Prophetia Sibyllina (Barbieri) (Latin) 19. MS Osborn fa. 7: Book of Virtue (English) 20. MS Arabic 66: Kitb al-azama min kutub al-dafin min kutub Dniyl

(Arabic) Appendix I: Additional Notes Appendix II: New Testament Apocrypha Plates I-VII

Abbreviations BA Biblioteca Ambrosiana BAV Biblioteca apostolica Vaticana BL British Library BM Bibliothque municipale BnF Bibliothque nationale de France Bod. Bodleian Library BSB Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CCAG Catalogus codicum astrologorum graecorum CCC Corpus Christi College CUL Cambridge University Library HAB Herzog August Bibliothek NB sterreichische Nationalbibliothek OTP The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha (ed. J.H. Charlesworth; New York: Doubleday, 198385) SB Staatsbibliothek TC Trinity College UB Universittsbibliothek/Universiteitsbibliotheek UP University Press

The standard reference is the Catalogue of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University [hereafter: Catalogue]. The rst three volumes, by Barbara Shailor, describe MSS 1-500 and the Marston MSS.5 The fourth volume, by R.G. Babcock, L.F. Davis, and P.G. Rusche, includes items listed under the class-marks 481-485.6 A loose-leaf paper catalogue [Paper

5. B.A. Shailor, Catalogue of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. I. MSS 1-250 (MRTS, 34; Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1984), II. MSS 251-500 (MTRS, 48; Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1987), III. Marston Manuscripts (MRTS, 100; Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1992). 6. R.G. Babcock, L.F. Davis, and P.G. Rusche, Catalogue of Medieval and Renais-sance Manuscripts in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.



Catalogue], covering MSS 501-620, is available at the Library. The Beinecke website hosts a database [Electronic Catalogue] which repro-duces the data of the Catalogue and the Paper Catalogue, and provides summary records of MSS 621-740 and the Osborn MSS (along with other collections not relevant to the present study), as well as access-level entries of its uncatalogued acquisitions. Near Eastern MSS are addressed in L. Nemoys catalogue [Arabic Catalogue].7 Two printed catalogues of Yales papyri collection [Papyrus Catalogue] complement a website database [Papyrus Database].8 Since only a few MSS after no. 620 are described in detail, and because many entries in the Papyrus Database are listed only as literary works, it is very possible that the Beinecke might preserve MS copies of OT Pseudepigrapha in addition to those identied in this study. 1. JubileesP.CtYBR inv. 4995

A. Crislip rst identied the importance of this Coptic papyrus frag-ment.9 An opisthograph (both sides contain writing), it preserves portions of three texts, one documentary and two literary. The docu-mentary text, written on the horizontal-bre side of the papyrus, 4995(B), is a letter from an unknown person to my Father Petre. Crislip has edited and translated both literary texts.10 The rst, written between the lines of the letter on 4995(B), is a brief passage from a work associated with Jubilees. The second is written in the same hand but on the opposite, vertical-bre side of the papyrus, 4995(A). Crislip calls this text a Christian orilegium concerning the dispensation of the IV. MSS 481-485 (MRTS, 176; Tempe: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts and Studies, 2004). 7. L. Nemoy, Arabic Manuscripts in the Yale University Library (Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of the Arts and Sciences, 24; New Haven; Yale UP, 1956). 8. J.F. Oates, et al., Yale Papyri in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library I (American Studies in Papyrology, 2; New Haven/Toronto: American Society of Papyrologists, 1967), and S.A. Stephens, Yale Papyri in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library II (American Studies in Papyrology, 24; Chico, CA; Scholars Press, 1985). 9. A. Crislip, The Book of Jubilees in Coptic (P.CtYBR inv. 4995), in R.G. Babcock and L. Patterson, eds., Old Books, New Learning. Essays on Medieval and Renaissance Books at Yale (Yale University Library Gazette Occasional Supplement, 4; New Haven, 2001), 3-9. 10. A. Crislip, The Book of Jubilees in Coptic: An Early Christian Florilegium on the Family of Noah, BASP 40 (2003), 27-44. English translations of 4995(A) and 4995(B) quoted are Crislips.



land among the sons of Noah. It consists of: i) Jub. 8.28b-30; ii) Jub. 7.14-16; iii) an unidentied passage about Abraham; iv) part of Gen. 9.27a; v) part of Jub. 15.3;11 and vi) an allusion to Jub. 4.33.12 A chief issue concerning both literary texts is their relationship with the book of Jubilees. Fragments from fourteen securely identied copies of the original Hebrew text of Jubilees were discovered in the Dead Sea caves.13 The earliest copy dates from the late second century BCE.14 Mediaeval authors quote Greek and Latin passages from Jubilees, a third of the book is preserved as the undertext in a Latin palimpsest,15 and there are two related Syriac compositions (see below). However, the complete book is only extant in Ethiopic.16 The Qumran caves (and, in one case, nearby Masada) also preserve fragments of Hebrew texts related to Jubilees.17 J.C. VanderKam and J.T. Milik, who edited the Cave Four copies, observe that Pseudo-Jubilees employs language that is familiar from and to some extent

11. Passages iv and v are transposed in Crislips roster (An Early Christian Florilegium, 30), but are listed in the correct order elsewhere in his article. 12. Incorrectly identied as Jub. 4.30 in the marginal notes to the edition of the text (ibid., 32).a 13. 1Q17-1Q18 (1QJubileesa-b); 2Q19-2Q20 (2QJubileesa-b); 3Q5 3, 1 (3QJubilees); 4Q176 19-21 (4QJubileesf; cf. 4Q221), 4Q216 (4QJubileesa), 4Q218-4Q222 (4QJubileesc-g), 4Q223-4Q224 (4QpapJubileesh), and 11Q12 (11QJubilees). See J.C. VanderKam, The Manuscript Traditon of Jubilees in G. Boccaccini and G. Ibba, eds. Enoch and the Mosaic Torah: The Evidence of Jubilees (Grand Rapids/Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2009), 3-21. 14. Jubilees was likely written around 160150 BCE (J.C. VanderKam, The Book of Jubilees [Shefeld: Shefeld Academic Press, 2001], 21), although alternate dates have been proposed; see M. Segal, The Book of Jubilees: Rewritten Bible, Redaction, Ideology, and Theology (JSJSup, 117; Leiden: Brill, 2007), 35-40. On the textual situation of Jubilees, see J.C. VanderKam, The Book of Jubilees. A Critical Text (CSCO, 510-511, Scriptores aethiopici 87-88; Louvain: Peeters, 1989), 1.ix-xvi, 2.vi-xxxi, and the sources cited there. 15. Milano, BA C73 Inf. 16. Ethiopic Jubilees survives in multiple MSS, and is based on the mostly lost Greek translation. 17. 4Q225-227 (4QPseudo-Jubileesa-c); Mas 1 j (Mas Pseudo-Jubilees). J.C. VanderKam and J.T. Milik, Jubilees, Qumran Cave 4, VIII. Parabiblical Texts, Part I (DJD, 13; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994), 1-185 at 141-76; Y. Yadin, Fragments of Extra-Biblical Works, Masada: Yigael Yadin Excavations 19631965, Final Reports. VI: Hebrew Fragments from Masada (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society/Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1999), 117-9.



characteristic of Jubilees, but the documents themselves are not actual copies of Jubilees.18 Unlike Jubilees, nothing survives from Pseudo-Jubilees beyond that which was found at Qumran and Masada. The primary signicance of the literary text of P.CtYBR inv. 4995(A) is that it contains the only witness to Jubilees in Coptic,19 in the form of short passages embedded in a orilegium.20 But 4995(A) is neither a Coptic copy of the book of Jubilees nor a composition of the type exhibited by the Pseudo-Jubilees fragments. To be clear, the two major Coptic Jubilees passages at 8.28b-30 (lines 1-17) and 7.14-16 (lines 18-27) are very close to the forms of the text that are preserved in the Ethiopic.21 But the citation of Jub. 15.3 at line 33 is only a portion of a direct speech in Jubilees concerning the covenant between God and Abraham,22 with the larger context removed so as to make the Coptic passage t the theme of the names of the wives of the patriarchs. Similarly, Ethiopic Jubilees 4.33 has been truncated in 4995(A) line 34, although the subject in both its Coptic and Ethiopic contexts is, again, the names of the wives. 4995(A) lines 28-29 recalls Abrahams journey to Haran, described both in Genesis 12 and, in a greatly expanded form, in Jubilees 12. The subject of 4995(A) is not immediately obvious. Its rst half concerns the dispensation of the land among the sons of Noah, its second half the names of the wives of the patriarchs. The latter is a

18. VanderKam and Milik, 142. 19. The quotation of Gen. 9.27 in line 30 is prefaced with the words, And this is written in Hebrew, which might indicate that our author utilised a translation of Jubilees rather than the original Hebrew. Crislip suggests that Jubilees might have been translated into Coptic from the Greek (An Early Christian Florilegium, 40). 20. 4995(A) also testies to the authoritative use of Jubilees. Jubilees is cited in CD col. x, in 4Q228, where it is refered to as an authoritative work (VanderKam and Milik, Jubilees, 177-85), and in P. Oxy. 4365 (D. Hadegorn, Die Kleine Genesis in P.Oxy. LXIII 4365, ZPE 116 [1997], 147-8, and S.C. Franklin, A Note on a Pseudepigraphal Allusion in Oxyrhynchus Papyrus No. 4365, VT 48 [1998], 95-6). 21. Apud VanderKam, Book of Jubilees, 2.56 and 45. As with the Ethiopic Jubilees, the Coptic Jubilees 8.28b-30 of 4995(A) is somewhat dissimilar from the quotation of Jubilees preserved in an anonymous Syrian Chronicle; for the text, see The Versional Evidence in VanderKam, Critical Text, 2.334-5. Jub. 7.14-16 is not preserved in the Chronicle or any other witnesses besides the Ethiopic or Coptic. 22. Ibid., 2.88: (15.3) The Lord appeared to him, and the Lord said to Abraham: I am the God of Shaddai. Please me and be perfect. (15.4) I will place my covenant between you and me. I will increase you greatly.



feature of Jubilees,23 and it is possible that 4995(A) is part of a more expansive tradition that includes a Syriac MS fragment on the Names of the Wives of the Patriarchs according to the Hebrew Book called Jubilees,24 a list of the wives of the patriarchs in a letter of Jacob of Edessa,25 another list in a 1583 volume by R. Samuel Algazi,26 as well as various Greek and Armenian sources.27 A MS in Emmanuel College, Cambridge, conrms the ongoing interest in the tradition in Western circles,28 and other sources undoubtedly exist. Crislip dates P.CtYBR inv. 4995 on palaeographic and orthographic grounds to the fourth or early fth century, but acknowledges the lack of dated Coptic texts to serve as benchmarks. If not in fact the autograph, 4995(A) was probably composed during the same period.29

23. J. Rook, The Names of the Wives from Adam to Abraham in the Book of Jubilees, JSP 7 (1990), 105-17. 24. London, BL Additional 12154, fol. 180. Printed by A.M. Ceriani, Nomina uxorum patriarchum priorum iuxta librum Jobelia nuncupatum, Monumenta sacra et profana, vol. 2.1 (Milano: Ambrosian Library, 1863), 9-10, and transcribed from Cerianis edition by R.H. Charles, The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees (Anecdota Oxoniensis, Semitic Series, 8; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895), 183. VanderKam, Manuscript Tradition, 10-11. 25. S.P. Brock: Extant in Syriac we have a list of the patriarchs wives according to the book called Jubilees among the Hebrews, an account parallel to Jubilees 11-12 quoted by Jacob of Edessa (died 708) in his letter 13, to John of Litarba, and extensive extracts incorporated into the anonymous chronicle ad annum 1234 (Jewish Traditions in Syriac Sources, JJS 30 [1979], 212-32 at 224). See also S. Grbaut, Noms des femmes et des enfants des ls de Jacob, ROC 18 (1913), 417-19, E. Tisserant, Fragments syriaques du Livre des Jubils, RB 30 (1921), 55-86 and 206-32 (= Recueil Cardinal Eugne Tisserant Ab oriente et occidente [Louvain, 1955], 1.25-87), and VanderKam, Manuscript Tradition, 11-12. 26. S. Schechter, Algazis Chronicle and the Names of the Patriarchs Wives, JQR 2 o.s. (1890), 190. 27. W.L. Lipscomb, A Tradition from the Book of Jubilees in Armenian, JJS 29 (1978), 149-63, idem, The Wives of the Patriarchs in the Eklog Historin, JJS 30 (1979), 91, and M.E. Stone, Armenian Apocrypha Relating to Adam and Eve (SVTP, 14; Leiden: Brill, 1996), 89-91. 28. M.R. James, The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Emmanuel College. A Descriptive Catalogue. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1904), 168, re cod. Yy.3.17 (no. 264), with the relevant portion appearing at the end of the MS: Inc. Considerans historie sacre prolixitatem. Cains wife is given as Calmana, Abels as Delbora, Noahs is Puarfora, Shems Parfya, Hams Cathaua, Japhets fuya. 29. Ibid., 30-1.



2. Lunationes DanielisMS 163 (Wagstaff Miscellany), fol. 28v

Shailor identies this Latin text as a mid-fteenth-century copy of the Somniale Danielis, the famous alphabetical dream-manual attributed to Daniel. It is actually a copy of a related but distinct composition, the Lunationes Danielis. The misunderstanding likely derives from the Prologue, which properly belongs to the Somniale but appears in some MSS as the Prologue to the Lunationes,30 as it does here in MS 163.31 Daniel was a popular literary gure in post-biblical times. Numerous texts are attributed to to him, including many prognostica.32 Daniel prog-nostica from the East are often anthological, and can be Jewish, Chris-tian, or Islamic.33 In the West, there were two texts only, both Christian: the Somniale Danielis and the Lunationes Danielis.34 The earliest Latin MSS of the Somniale and Lunationes date from the ninth century, and both are well represented in vernacular MSS and incunabula.35 30. For examples, see L. DiTommaso, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew Manuscripts of the Somniale Danielis and the Lunationes Danielis in the Vatican Library, Manuscripta 47/48 (2003/2004), 1-42. Other examples include Milano, BA C 218 Inf., fol. 50rb-va, BA I 18 Sup., fols. 74v-77v, and Paris, BnF fr. 1007, fols 93rb-va. N.b. Cambridge, CCC 466 [Sub. D.11], where after the Prologue (p. 131) there is a gap lled with other compositions until pp. 228ff., followed by the text of a lunation and a Somniale; see M.R. James, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Part VI (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1912), 398. 31. Shailor, Catalogue, 1.217: From the interpretation of dreams attributed to the prophet Daniel, cf. Lyell Cat., p. 89, and Thorndike and Kibre (under Daniel). Her reference to the Lyell Catalogue points to the copy of the Somniale at British Library Lyell 35, fols. 19r-23v (+5r, +25v). On Thorndike and Kibre, see below, n. 36. 32. L. DiTommaso, The Book of Daniel and the Apocryphal Daniel Literature (SVTP, 20; Leiden: Brill, 2005). 33. See the Kitb al-azama min kutub al-dafin min kutub Dniyl (art. 20, below). 34. The Somniale and Lunationes were far more popular in the West, despite their Byzantine origins. Both are preserved in hundreds of Latin and vernacular copies. In contrast, they are extant in only a handful of Hebrew (Citt del Vaticano, BAV Vat. heb. 285 [Somniale and Lunationes], London, BL Harley 5686 [Somniale (?)]) and Armenian copies (Paris, BnF armen. 307, fols. 91v-102v [Somniale], Oxford, Bod. armen. f.10, fols. 112-132 [Somniale], London, BL Or. 2624, fols. 146-150 [Lunationes], and Erevan, Matenadaran no. 2004), all of a late date. Professor Michael E. Stone, who provided the information on the Armenian MSS, informs us that as late as the 1970s print copies of the Armenian text could still be purchased. There is one possible Coptic copy of the Somniale of which I am aware (Oxford, Bod. Maresch. 31 [Copt. 2]), while the Lunationes might be preserved in a few Syriac copies. The few Greek copies are uniformly very late. For details, see DiTommaso, Apocryphal Daniel Literature. 35. A conspectus of extant MSS will be found in DiTommaso, Apocryphal Daniel Literature, 402-42.



Lunaries forecast the future based on the moons appearance or motion in the heavens.36 They do not appear in the Bible, but the genre is ancient.37 The Lunationes Danielis is a specic type of lunary containing predictions for each of the thirty days of the calendar month. Simple lunations are brief and focus on a single theme, for example, whether it is a good day to let blood, interpret dreams, or pursue fugitives. Complex lunations are longer, address a series of topics, and occasionally include almanac information like references to the births or deaths of biblical gures. Forecasts in all lunations are expressed via a set formula that commences on the rst day of the month and is repeated for each of the subsequent twenty-nine days.38 The Wagstaff Miscellany is a collection of pieces ranging from astro-nomical forecasts and medical recipes to minor tracts on hawking and herbs. Such miscellanies functioned as handy compendia of quotidian 36. M. Frster, Beitrge zur mittelalterlichen Volkskunde. VIII, Archiv fr das Stadium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 129 (1912), 16-49, idem, Vom Fortleben antiker Sammellunare im englischen und in anderen Volkssprachen, Anglia n.F. 67/68 (1944), 1-171, E. Svenberg, Lunaria et zodiologia latina, edidit et com-mentario philologico instruxit (Studia graeca et latina Gothoburgensia, 16; Gteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1963), C. Weier, Studien zum mittelalterlichen Krankheitslunar: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte laienastrologischer Fachprosa (Wrzburger medizinhistorische Forschungen, 21; Wrzburg: H. Willm, 1982), idem, Lunare, in K. Ruh, ed., Verfasserlexicon. Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Band 5 (Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, 1985), cols. 1054-62, I. Taavitsainen, Middle English Lunaries. A Study of the Genre (Mmoires de la socit nophilologique de Helsinki, 47; Helsinki: Societ nophilologique, 1988), L. Means, Medieval Lunar Astrology. A Collection of Representative Middle English Texts (Lewiston: Mellon, 1993), and L. DiTommaso, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew Manuscripts. Most Greek MSS appear in the volumes of the CCAG (Bruxelles: H. Lamertin): A. Martini and D. Bassi, CCAG III, (1901), 32-9, 39-40; D. Bassi, et al., CCAG IV (1903), 142-5; P. Boudreaux, CCAG VIII (1912), 105-7; A. Delatte, CCAG X (1924), 5, 23, 24, 29, 40, 50, 72-4, 121-6, 136-7, 196-200, 243-47; C.O. Zuretti, CCAG XI (1932), 134-44; idem, CCAG XI (1934), 150-1, 157-62. The reference works of A. Beccaria, I codici di medicina del periodo presalernitano (secoli IX, X e XI) (Roma: Edizione di storia e letteratura, 1956), and L. Thorndike and P. Kibre, A Catalogue of Incipits of Mediaeval Scientic Writings in Latin (rev. and augmented ed.; Cambridge, MA: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1963), remain valuable for the Latin MSS. 37. S. Weinstock, Lunar Mansions and Early Calendars, JHS 69/70 (194950), 48-69 at 57-60, for examples in Babylonian and Egyptian literature. See also Hesiods Works and Days and Virgils Georgics (1.276-286). 38. The most recent study is among the most valuable: L.S. Chardonnens, Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1100: Study and Texts (Brills Studies in Intellectual History, 153; Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2007).



scientic and technical knowledge, and could be tailored to the needs of the person for whom they were produced. The Lunationes and the Somniale were part of this universe, and it is no accident that a signi-cant proportion of the MS copies of both texts are bound in codices along with other astronomical and astrological prognostica, as well as computi and diverse calendrical texts, horoscopes, and similar treatises.39 The Wagstaff copy of the Lunationes is a simple lunation whose focus is the efcacy of the interpretation of dreams (see Plate I). Its text is fairly standard. The copy is defective, since it omits the forecasts for the twenty-rst and twenty-second moons. 3. Abraham and IsaacMS 365 (Book of Brome), fols. 15r-22r

Yale MS 365 is known variously as the Brome Book, the Book of Brome, or the Brome Hall Commonplace Book after the site of its re-discovery at Brome Hall in Suffolk. Among other things, it preserves a copy of the Quindecim signa (see below, art. 4), and a unique, late fteenth-century copy of the Middle English mystery play, Abraham and Isaac.40 The plays text is well known, having been edited multiple times.41

39. On the place of prognostica in mediaeval society, see L. Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science During the First Thirteen Centuries of Our Era (New York: Columbia UP, 192358), S. Jenks, Astrometeorology in the Middle Ages, Isis 74 (1983), 185-210, R.M. Liuzza, Anglo-Saxon Prognostics in Context: A Survey and Handlist of Manuscripts, Anglo-Saxon England 30 (2001), 181-230, I. Moreira, Dreams and Divination in Early Medieval Canonical and Narrative Sources: The Question of Clerical Control, CHR 89 (2003), 621-42, and Chardonnens, Anglo-Saxon Prognostics. 40. Shailor, Catalogue, 2.211. N. Davis has determined that the portion of the MS containing the play dates from the second half of the fteenth century; see Non-Cycle Plays and Fragments, Edited on the Basis of the Edition of Osborn Waterhouse (EETS, s.s. 1; London: Oxford UP, 1970), lxii. 41. The text was rst described and printed by L.T. Smith in Anglia 7 (1884), 316-47, and again in the third volume of The Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany (1887) [non vidi]. Subsequent editions include O. Waterhouse, The Non-Cycle Mystery Plays (EETS, e.s. 104; London: Kegan Paul, 1909), xlviii-liv, 36-53, now superseded by Davis, Non-Cycle Plays, D. Bevington, Medieval Drama (Boston, 1975), 308-21, and P. Happ, English Mystery Plays (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975), 152-71. Davis notes that by 1970 the play has been reprinted (sometimes with modications) at least fourteen times (lxiii). N.b. the photographic facsimile in Davis, Non-Cycle Plays and the Winchester Dialogues (Leeds: University of Leeds School of English, 1979), 49-65. The Brome Book is the subject of L.T. Smiths edition, A Common-Place Book of the Fifteenth Century, Containing a Religious Play and Poetry, Legal Forms, and Local Accounts (London: Trbner, 1886). Abraham and Isaac appears on 46-69.



The binding of Isaac (Gen. 22) is the subject of several late mediaeval English plays. It appears in all four of the extant mystery cycles:42 i) Chester (eight MSS), as the fourth play in a collection of twenty-four in total, assigned to the company of the Barbers;43 ii) York (London, BL Additional 35290), as the tenth of forty-eight plays, assigned to the Parchminers and Bookbinders; iii) Towneley (San Marino, Huntington Library HM1), known as the Wakeeld Mysteries, as the fourth of thirty-two plays, without assignation; and iv) N-Town (London, BL Cotton Vespasian D.VIII), once associated with Coventry and known as the Ludus Coventriae, as the fth of forty-two plays, also without assignation. Over 200 of the 465 lines of the Brome Abraham and Isaac are echoed closely in the Chester Abraham and Isaac.44 In addition to the cycle plays, there is the Northampton Abraham (Dublin, TC D.4.18, fols. 74v-81r), performed by the Weavers.45 The Akedah also was a popular theme in the drama of other languages, including the French Sacrice dAbraham, which is part of Le Mistre du Viel Testament46 and extant in several early sixteenth-century editions.47 The Brome Abraham and Isaac features four characters: God, an angel, Abraham, and Isaac. Its plot essentially follows the Genesis story, wherein Abraham, commanded to sacrice his son Isaac, dutifully obeys and is only prevented in fullling his task by the timely arrival of an angel sent by God. The play eshes out the biblical dialogue, much of it in the interplay between Abraham and Isaac. The angel issues the command which in the biblical narrative is given by God, while God himself articulates the rationale for testing Abraham:

42. Mystery plays, now lost, were afliated with other locations. The lists associated with Beverley and Newcastle each refer to a play on the binding of Isaac, performed by the companies of the Slaters and of the Bowyers and the Fletchers, respectively (Smith, Common-Place Book, 47-8). 43. R.M. Lumiansky and D. Mills, The Chester Mystery Cycle (EETS, s.s. 3; London: Oxford UP, 1974), ix-xliv. 44. Happ, English Mystery Plays, 17-18, surmises that they descended from a common Vorlage. 45. Davis, Non-Cycle Plays, xlvii-lviii. 46. J. de Rothschild, Le Mistre du Viel Testament (Paris: Firmin Didot, 1879), II, with an important introduction at i-xxvi. See, inter alia, B.M. Craig, The Evolution of a Mystery Play (Orlando, 1983). 47. G. Runnalls, La Compilation du Mistre du Viel Testament: Le Mystre de Daniel et Susanne, Bibliothque dhumanisme et renaissance 57 (1995), 345-67 at 349.



Myn angell, fast hey the thy wey, An on to medyll-erth anon ou goo, Abrams hart now wyll I asay, Wether that he be stedfast or noo. Sey I commaw[n]dyd hym for to take Ysaac, hys yowng sonne, at he love so wyll, And with hys blood sacryfyce he make, Yffe ony off my freynchepe yf he wyll ffell. Schow hym the wey on to the hylle Wer that hys sacryffyce schall be, I schall a-say now hys good wyll, Whether he lovyd better hys chyld or me. All men schall take exampyll be hym My commawmentes how they schall kepe.48

Miracle and mystery plays are extant in nearly every language of the late Middle Ages, and the secondary literature is immense.49 While the extra-biblical traditions preserved in these plays have not been ignored, a comprehensive examination of biblical apocrypha and mediaeval drama has yet to be written. 4. XV signa ante iudiciumMS 365 (Book of Brome), fols. 23r-26v

The Quindecim signa ante iudicium (The Fifteen Signs of Doomsday) is simple in form, being literally a list of the omens that were expected to precede the judgment day. An edition of the Middle English copy preserved in Yale MS 365 has been printed in L.T. Smiths Brome Hall Commonplace Book (see above, art. 3).50 W.W. Heists excellent 1952 monograph is now dated.51 Although ne studies have since been published, we lack a sense of the full extent of the MS evidence of the XV signa, and thus a complete understanding of its textual history. In my estimation it exists in at least three hundred MS copies, principally in Latin but in many other languages besides.52 48. Smith, Common-Place Book, 50-51 (lines 33-46). 49. On the sources to 1972, see C.J. Stratman, Bibliography of Medieval Drama (New York: F. Ungar, 21972). 50. Smith, Common-Place Book, 69-79. See Shailor, Catalogue, 2.211. 51. W.W. Heist, The Fifteen Signs before Doomsday (East Lansing: Michigan State College Press, 1952). 52. Heist records 96 + 24 examples (not all of which are MSS, however) in two Appendixes (204-14). D. Verhelst states that he has noted over 180 Latin MSS (Adso of Montier-en-Der and the Fear of the Year 1000, in R. Landes, et al., eds., The Apoca-lyptic Year 1000: Religious Expectation and Social Change, 950-1050 [Oxford/New York: Oxford UP], 81-92 at 88 n. 7), while C. Gerhardt and N.F. Palmer list several



The next installment of the present series, Pseudepigrapha Notes IV, will discuss the textual history and literary contexts of the XV signa, and provide an updated conspectus of its MSS. 5. Lunationes DanielisMS 395, fols. 180ra-181rb, and fols. 182ra-

183rb

According to the Catalogue,53 Yale MS 395 preserves a prognostic text at fols. 180r-183v similar to the examples noted by P. Meyer and by M. Frster.54 However, Meyer, who examined MS 395 when it was still no. 4156 of the Phillipps collection, indicates that these folia contain ve texts, not one.55 An inspection of the MS conrms his assessment. All ve texts date from the late thirteenth or the fourteen century, and are composed mainly in Old French. The rst text (180ra-181rb) is a complex lunation. It begins: Hic incipit liber sompniorum et lunarium.

dozen German and Dutch MSS in an appendix to their edition, Das Mnchner Gedicht von den fnfzehn Zeichen vor dem Jngsten Gericht. Nach der Handschrift der Bayerischen Staatsibibliothek Cgm 717. Edition und Kommentar (Texte des spten Mittelalters und der frhen Neuzeit 41; Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 2002), 159-65. Principal editions of the text include G. Nlle, Die Legende von dem fnfzehn Zeichen vor dem Jngsten Gerichte (Halle: Typis Karrasianis, 1879), H. Shields, Les quinze signes descendus en Angleterre: A Medieval Legend in Decline, French Studies 18 (1964), 112-22; E. von Kraemer, Les quinze signes du jugement dernier. Pome anonyme de la n du XIIe ou du dbut du XIIIe sicle, publi daprs tous les manuscripts connus, avec introduction, notes et glossarie (Commentationes humanarum litterarum Societas scientiarum Fennica, 38.2; Helsinki: Helsingfors, 1966), R. Mantou, Les quinze signes du jugement dernier. Pome du XIIe sicle. dition critique, Mmoires et publications de la Societ de Sciences, des Arts et des Lettres du Hainaut 80 (1966), 113-21 (n.b. P.B. Fays review of Kraemer and Mantou in Romance Philology 21 [1968], 592-9), and M.E. Stone, Signs of the Judgement, Onomastica Sacra and the Generations from Adam (University of Pennsylvania Armenian Texts and Studies, 3; Chico: Scholars Press, 1981), 1-57. 53. Shailor, Catalogue, 2.272-3. 54. P. Meyer, Notices sur quelques manuscrits franais de la Bibliothque Phillipps, Cheltenham, Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothque nationale et autres bibliothques 24 (1891), 149-258 at 236-8; Frster, Vom Fortleben antiker Sammel-lunare, 154. For Meyer, see the following note. 55. Shailor observes that Meyer cites several manuscripts with similar texts (viz., London, BL Royal 16.E.VIII, Paris, BnF fr. 2039, and Oxford, Bod. Digby 86), an observation that is based on the conclusion that Yale MS 395, fols. 180r-183r, preserves one text, rather than ve. The other MSS cited by Meyer refer to one or another of these ve texts, but none to either of the two copies of the Lunationes. Meyer himself describes this section as une srie de courts pices en prose relatives des prsages et des superstitions diverses (236).



luna prima Fet fu Adam. The second text (181va-182ra) is a copy of the well-known prognostic, the Dies Aegyptiaci.56 The third text (182ra-183rb) is another complex lunation. It begins: Autre songonaire ci comence. Luna prima. A premere lune fu Adam form. The fourth text (183rb-va) is a short prognostic commonly called the Reuelatio Esdrae (see below, arts. 6, 11, and 12). The fth text (183va-b) outlines the occurrence of perilous days.57 The Lunationes Danielis has been discussed in the section on the Wagstaff Miscellany (see above, art. 2). What should be underscored here is that the two copies of this text in MS 395 are part of a vast array of MS evidence whose individual examples tend to vary widely in specic content, phrase, and diction, but not in their general form.58 As for language, other MS examples of the Lunationes exist in Old French, and at least one in Provenal.59 6. Reuelatio EsdraeMS 395, fol. 183rb-183va

Fairly common in western mediaeval MS books are prognostics purporting to forecast the upcoming year on the basis of the day of the week upon which a certain day or date occurs. The basic type, some-times called a kalendologion, is also known as the Reuelatio Esdrae, and the special day may be Christmas Day, New Years Day, or the kalends of January.60 In the case of New Years Day, the text is also known as 56. Incipit: Prima dies mensis. Ki le premier jor del meis en son lit chet See Thorndike and Kibre, Catalogue of Incipits, cols. 1089-90. 57. Incipit: Ci nos conte e garnist des perillos jors de lan, que la gent ne se facent seiner. 58. In the conspectus of MSS in my Book of Daniel, 441, I listed both Lunationes of Yale 395 as Berlin MSS, with the Yale information in parentheses, since I discovered the post-sale history of MS Phillipps 4156 too late to change the proof pages. Although not all Lunationes are ascribed to Daniel, they are not normally ascribed to anyone else; on blood-letting lunations attributed to Bede, see below, n. 183. The Lunationes Danielis derived from the Somniale Danielis, and in MS the two texts sometime even share the latters Prologue (above, n. 30). Many different versions of the Lunationes are extant, but there is no distinction between the copies attributed to Daniel and the anonymous copies. For these and other reasons, and with the exception of the Greek texts (which unlike the Latin and vernacular copies tend to take unusual forms and exhibit various ascriptions), I consider attributed and anonymous copies alike of the Lunationes as part of the Daniel apocrypha. 59. DiTommaso, Apocryphal Daniel Literature, 441-2. 60. For other examples, see the conspectus of MSS, below. I do not include texts whose prognostications are based on the Dominical Letter (Littera dominicalis); see L.R. Mooney, Practical Didactic Works in Middle English. Edition and Analysis of the



the Supputatio Esdrae, although I hesitate to state that this is true in all cases, since the text exhibits a diversity of title in MS, and sometimes includes a brief note relating the seers situation or location.61 The late medieval exemplars also seem to have followed several trajectories, and a feature that appears in, for example, some of the Middle English MS copies, such as the long Prologue of thirty-two lines,62 might not appear in copies in other languages. As with the Lunationes Danielis (above, arts. 2 and 5), a proportion of the MS copies of the Reuelatio are anonymous. The text is also sometimes attributed to Ezekiel.63 Referring to the copy in Cambridge, CUL Gg.1.1, fol. 393r,64 Meyer explains, Dans toutes ces prdictions lide commune est que les vnements de lanne qui va souvrir sont dtermins par la concidence dune date xe avec tel ou tel jour de la semaine; dans les prdictions de la premire srie cette date est le premier janvier, dans la seconde srie cest le jour de Nol. Les unes et les autres sont souvent places dans les mss. sous le nom dEzechiel, ou sous celui dEsdras.65 In her ne paper E.A. Matter adds that in the case of the French versions of the text, both Christmas Day and New Years Day versions are normally attributed to Ezechiel, and never to Esdras.66 Class of Short Middle English Works Containing Useful Information (Diss: Toronto, 1981), 351-6, and the sources cited there. 61. E.g., Subputatio quam subputavit Esdras in templo Hierusalem (alternately: Esdras propheta in templo Salomonis in Jerusalem, with variations), or Signum quod ostendit dominus Hesdre prophete. On the title Supputatio Esdrae et argumentum Josephi, see E.A. Matter, The Revelatio Esdrae in Latin and English Traditions, Revue Benedictine 92 (1982), 376-92 at 382. 62. C. Brown, A Register of Middle English Religious & Didactic Verse (Oxford: Oxford UP, 191620), no. 1420. 63. Ezekiel prognostics are not discussed in M.E. Stone, B.G. Wright, and D. Satran, ed., The Apocryphal Ezekiel (SBLEJL, 18; Atlanta: SBL, 2000), but the editors acknowl-edge that some texts were excluded. The title and explicit of the copy at BL Harley 2252, fol. 141r-142r, attribute the text to Ezechyall. In his catalogues, James lists two copies similarly ascribed: Lambeth Palace 456, fol. 212v, and Yates Thompson MS 77, fol. 171v (= BL Yates Thompson 21, below). Cambridge, CUL Gg.1.1., fol. 393r, is similarly ascribed (see the following two notes), while Matter reports that MS Ff.5.48, fol. 74v of the same library is also attributed to Ezekiel. BL Royal 20.D.II (y-leaf) is also attributed to Ezekiel, while Hezekiah is named in BL Royal 12.C.XII, fols. 88r 64. C. Hardwick, ed., A Catalogue of the Manuscripts Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge (5 vols.; Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 185667). 65. P. Meyer, Les manuscrits franais de Cambridge. II. Bibliothque de luni-versit, Romania 15 (1886), 236-357 at 323. 66. Matter, 381 n. 1.



The Reuelatio Esdrae, a translation of which is included in the OTP,67 was composed in Greek,68 or less likely Coptic.69 John of Nikion in his Chronicle remarks that such texts already enjoyed wide circulation in both the Eastern and Western churches in the seventh century.70 The oldest Latin copy (Leiden, UB Voss. lat. 4 69, fol. 37va-b) dates from the end of the eighth century.71 Whether, as Matter speculates, the Reuelatio derives from an earlier, possibly Second-Temple Jewish ante-cedent, subsequently adapted for Christian use, is difcult to conrm.72 Scholars have offered similar claims of antiquity for other prognostics,73 including the Syriac kalandalogion known as the Treatise of Shem, whose type S.P. Brock correctly observes is far more typical to the post-classical period than it is to antiquity.74 Yet the fact that astrological physiognomies (4Q186, 4Q534-536; cf. 4Q561) and zodiacal calendars and brontologia (4Q318) were recovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls establishes the proof of principle that prognostica presently known only from mediaeval MS copies might have had ancient Jewish antecedents. Esdras (Ezra) is the pious scribe who with Nehemiah is primarily associated with the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon and the restitution of the Law during the early Persian era. In later centuries, Ezra lent his name to i) a small corpus of apocalypses, the most famous of which, 4 Ezra,75 was composed between the years 95100 CE, shortly after the destruction of the Second Temple, although at least one vision 67. D.A. Fiensy, Revelation of Ezra, OTP, 1.601-4. 68. See the conspectus of MSS, below. 69. An Ethiopic text understood by some to be a copy of the Reuelatio is in fact a simple list of number of lucky and unlucky days in each of the months of the year. See S. Grbaut, Les jours fastes et nfastes, ROC 18 (1913), 97-8. 70. H. Zotenberg, La Chronique de Jean de Nikiou, Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothque nationale et autres bibliothques 24, part 1 (1883), 408-9, re ch. LXVIII, R.H. Charles, The Chronicle of John (c. 690 A.D.), Bishop of Nikiu, Being a History of Egypt before and during the Arab Conquest (London: William & Norgate, 1916), 51-2. In the early ninth century, Nicephorus condemned the use of brontologia, selnodromia (probably lunaries as a general category, and not lunations specically), and kalandalogia (PG 100, col. 885). 71. R.H. Bremmer, Jr., and K. Dekker, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microche Facsimile. XIII. Manuscripts in the Low Countries (Tempe: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts and Studies, 2006), 91, 100. 72. Matter, Revelatio Esdrae, 379-80. 73. Greeneld and Sokoloff, Astrological and Related Omen Texts. See the discussion in art. 2, above. 74. S.P. Brock, review of OTP 1, in JJS 35 (1984), 200-9. 75. M.E. Stone, Fourth Ezra (Hermeneia; Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990).



was updated in later centuries,76 and ii) a series of other writings from late antiquity through the mediaeval period,77 including the Reuelatio and other prognostica.78 The Reuelatio Esdrae of Yale MS 395 is the fourth in series of small forecasting treatises which are composed in Old French and occupy fols. 180r to 183v of the MS (see above, art. 5). This copy is particularly important in that it is the oldest French version of the Reuelatio. It has been edited by F. Fery-Hue, who kindly granted permission to reproduce her text:79

Ci comencent les espermenz par tot lan del jor de Noel. Davoir tens u bon.

[1] Si le jor de Noel est par dimange, si aurez soef yver e chaud; ver est moiste e ventos, est sec e ventos. Berbiz crestront. Bons blez seront. Vins habonderont. Fruiz de cortilz aparront. Ver e genz moront. Mel habondera. Batailles e larcins seront. Noveles choses vendront de rei e de prince.

Encore de jor de Noel par lundi. [2] Se il avent par lundi, yver ert mols, est tempr e ventos et pluios. Vios leals genz morront. Batailles seront. Princes si changeront. Mult entre chan gabletez avera cel an. Dames seront en plors. Granz pestilences seront. Li roi moront. Grant morine ert e granz enfermetez seront.

[fol. 183va] Encore del jor de Noel par mardi. [3] Si par mardi, yver ert freit e pluios, ver moiste e ventos, est moill, aust sec. Poi de forment. Femmes moront de sodeine mort. Avendra peril en mer. Vins fauderont. Mel habundra. Romanie ert en trubins. Marchandises erent dures.

76. L. DiTommaso, Dating the Eagle Vision of 4 Ezra: A New Look at an Old Theory, JSP 10 (1999), 3-38. 77. R. Kraft, Ezra Materials in Judaism and Christianity,ANRW 2.19.1 (Berlin/New York: W. de Gruyter, 1979), 119-36 at 131-3. 78. F. Nau, Analyse de deux opuscules astrologiques attribus au prophte Esdras et dun calendrier lunaire de lAncien Testament attribu Esdras, aux gyptiens et mme Aristote, ROC 12 (1907), 14-21. In addition to the Greek text of the Reuelatio Esdrae of Paris, BnF gr. 2286, Nau discusses i) a text attributed to Esdras on the propitious days of each of the months of the year, witnessed in BnF gr. 22, fol. 277, gr. 2149, fol. 165v, gr. 2494, fol. 63v, and sup. gr. 636, fol. 135; and ii) another text, attributed variously to Esdras, Aristotle, or the priest-sages of Heliopolis in Egypt, on forecasts for each day of the month, from copies at BnF gr. 2149, fol. 166v, sup. gr. 1148, fols. 189-195, and sup. gr. 1191, fols. 59v-64v. The latter text is a lunation, but one organised by the days of the month rather than its moons. 79. F. Fery-Hue, Revelatio Esdrae ou Prophties dzchiel. lments nouveaux pour le corpus latin et franais des prophties daprs le jour de Nol, in M. Columbo Timelli and C. Galderisi, eds., Pour acquerir honneur et pris: mlanges de moyen franais offerts Giuseppe di Stefano (Montral: CERES, 2004), 237-51 at 248.



Encore del jor de Noel par mescredi. [4] Si par mescredi, yver tempr, est bon, aust bon. Princes e reis e pussanz genz periront. Pomes averont assez. Vin ert cher. Peis e feves seront assez.

Encore del jor de Noel par jusdi. [5] Si par jusdi, yver ert tempr, ver moiste, est bon, aust tempr. Perilz en mer. Vesce e forment assez. Femmes empreigneront. Homes morront.

Encore del jor de noel par vendredi. [6] Si par vendredi, yver ert tempr e granz nerfs seront. Vins habunderont. Est mal, aust mal. Forment vil. Mal des oilz avendra. Enfanz moront e periront. Batailles seront. Terre moete sera. Clamors erent entre les princes e morront.

Encore del jor de Noel par samadi. [7] Si par samadi, yver ventos, ver dur, est cher, aust sec. Dolors avendront. Forment faudra. Tempestes avendront. Homes seront travaillez de diverses langors. Vielz genz morront. Arsons avendront. Bons feins seront.

[pas dexplicit]

Although there are several lists of the Western MSS of the Reuelatio Esdrae, their overlap is less than might be anticipated. Matters lists are among the most comprehensive; in them she records a total of 53 Latin and Middle English copies, and her footnotes mention an additional three dozen MSS in other languages. Fery-Hues lists are the most current, although her paper is restricted to the Latin and French versions of forecasts based on Christmas Day. I have collated the lists and supplemented the result with my own research, including data obtained from the examination of MS copies held in European and North American libraries, to produce a conspectus of 287 Western MSS of the Reuelatio Esdrae.80 The conspectus is intended to be prospective rather than denitive. Not every copy has been been examined by autopsy, and it is assumed that new copies and versions of the text remain to be discovered. For this reason I have not distinguished among forecasts based on Christmas Day, New Years Day, or the kalends of January. Contradictions between the data in the conspectus and information in prior lists are resolved silently, although the more signicant discrepancies are indicated.

80. I have not included the information in MS catalogues unless necessary.



ed. = edited by; tr. = translated by; cit. = cited by, even if I have edited the MS data. Greek 1. Athnai, Bibliothecae Publicae cod. 11, fol. 24 (cit. A. Delatte, CCAG X: Codices

Athenienses [Bruxelles: M. Lamertin, 1924], 151-2, 153-4). 2. Cambridge, TC R.15.35 [James 946], fol. 132v (cit. M.R. James, The Western

Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge. A Descriptive Catalogue. Volume II, Containing an Account of the Manuscripts Standing in Class R [Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1901], 366; H. Craig, The Works of John Metham, Including the Romance of Amoryus and Cleopes, Edited from the Unique Ms. in the Garrett Collection in the Library of Princeton University [EETS o.s. 132; London: Kegan Paul, 1916], xxxiii)

3. Mnchen, BSB gr. 287, fol. 132v (ed. F. Boll, CCAG VII: Codices Germanicos [Bruxelles: H. Lamertin, 1908], 126)

4. Leiden, UB Voss. gr. 1 59, fols. 281v-282r 5. Leiden, UB Voss. gr. 4 54, fol. 109r-v 6. Monte Casino, Cason. 431, fol. 78v (cit. F. Halkin, Auctarium. Bibliothecae

hagiographicae graece [Subsidia hagiographica, 47; Bruxelles: Socit des Bollandistes, 1969], 63)

7. New Haven, Yale University 542 (see below, art. 12) 8. Paris, BnF gr. 22, fol. 277r-v (cit. F. Halkin, Manuscrits grecs du Paris. Inventaire

hagiographique [Subsidia hagiographica, 44; Bruxelles: Socit des Bollandistes, 1968])

9. Paris, BnF gr. 854, fol. 120v 10. Paris, BnF gr. 2149, fols. 165r-166v 11. Paris, BnF gr. 2286, fols. 110-111 (ed. M. Boissonade, Trait alimentaire de

mdecin hirophile, extrait de deux manuscrits de la Bibliothque du Roi, Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothque du roi 11, part 2 [1827], 178-273 at 186-7; ed. [in part] K. von Tischendorf, Apocalypses apocryphae Mosis, Esdrae, Pauli, Iohannis, item Mariae dormitio, additis Evangelorum et actuum Apocry-phorum supplementis [Leipzig, 1866], xiii-xiv; tr. Nau, 15; cit. Matter [see above, n. 61], 377 n. 1)

12. Paris, BnF gr. 2315, fols. 296v-303r 13. Paris, BnF gr. 2494, fols. 63r-64r 14. Paris, BnF gr. 2992, fols. 372r-374v 15. Paris, BnF gr. 3028, fol. 163v (cit. R. Wnsch, Zu Lydus de ostentis, ByzZ 5

[1896], 410-21 at 419) 16. Paris, BnF sup. gr. 636, fols. 134r-142v 17. Paris, BnF sup. gr. 1148, fols. 189r-195v 18. Paris, BnF sup. gr. 1191, fols. 59v-62v 19. Sankt Petersburg, Bibl. Acad. scient. gr. 161, fol. 29r (cit. M.A.F. angin, CCAG

XII: Codices Rossicos [Bruxelles: M. Lamertin, 1936], 48) 20. Vatican, BAV Reg. gr. 945 (ed. C. du Cange, Glossarium ad scriptores medi &

inm grcitatis [Lyons, 1785], 1, col. 548 [q.v. ]; cit. Matter, 377 n. 1)

21. Vatican, BAV Vat. gr. 1823, fol. 103v (ed. Wnsch, 419-20)



22. Venezia, BM gr. 309, fol. 70v 23. Venezia, BM gr. 335, fol. 16v 24. Wien, NB gr. 3, fol. 64 (ed. Boll, 127-8) 25. Wien, NB medicus gr. 25, fol. 119 (cit. Matter, 376 n. 2) Latin 26. Angers, BM 283, p. 22 (cit. Matter, 387) 27. Bamberg, SB misc. lit. 84, fol. 1ra-va (ed. G. Sandner, Sptmittelhochdeutsche

Christtagsprognosen [Diss: Erlangen, 1948], 111-12; G. Eis, Wahrsagetexte des Sptmittelalters aus Handschriften und Inkunabeln [Texte des spten Mittelalters, 1; Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 1956], 66-8)

28. Bamberg, SB misc. lit. 90 (ed. Sandner, 111-12; cit. Eis, 25) 29. Bamberg, SB misc. theol. 223, fol. 230va-b (ed. Sandner, 114-15) 30. Basel, UB A.IX.2, fol. 108r 31. Basel, UB A.VIII.32, fol. 5v 32. Berlin, SB lat. 2 186 (cit. Sandner) 33. Budapest, Schchnyi Knyvtr 59, fol. 21r (ed. P. Spunar, Drobn texty a zprvy z

rukopis, Sbornik nrodnho muzea v Praze [Rada C] 12 [1967], 101-7 at 104; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 427; Matter, 388)

34. Cambridge, CCC 468, fol. 7 (cit. Matter, 388) 35. Cambridge, CUL Ff.5.48, fol. 66v (ed. Spunar, 107; cit. Matter, 390; Fery-Hue [see

above, n. 79], 239) 36. Cambridge, CUL Hh.6.11, fol. 67r (cit. M. Frster, Die Kleinliteratur des

Aberglaubens im Altenglischen, Archiv fr das Stadium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 110 [1903], 346-58 at 349; Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1506; Matter, 388)

37. Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College 235, fol. 164 (cit. Matter, 388) 38. Cambridge, Jesus College 86, fol. 183 (cit. M.R. James, A Descriptive Catalogue of

the Manuscripts in the Library of Jesus College, Cambridge [London: C.J. Clay and Sons, 1895])

39. Cambridge, St. Johns College 17, fol. 159rb (ed. Chardonnens [see above, n. 38]. 499-500)

40. Cambridge, St. Johns College 135, yleaves 41. Cambridge, TC O.2.5 [James 1109], p. 74 (cit. Matter, 390 [citing fol. 148]; Fery-

Hue, 239) 42. Chartres, BM 178, fol. 54v (cit. Matter, 388) 43. Dijon, BM 447 (268), fols. 99-100 (ed. Fery-Hue, 250; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col.

1451; Matter, 390) 44. Einsiedeln, 72, fol. 60v (cit. D. Harmening, Superstitio. berlieferungs- und theorie-

geschichtliche Untersuchungen zur kirchlich-theologischen Aberglaubensliteratur des Mittelalters [Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 1979], 134)

45. Erfurt, Wissenschaftliche Allgemeinbibliothek Amplonian O.62b, fol. 182v (cit. Sandner; Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349; Fery-Hue, 239)

46. Erfurt, Wissenschaftliche Allgemeinbibliothek Amplonian O.62b, fol. 185v (cit. H. Hellmann, Die Bauern-Praktik 1508 [Neudrucke von Schriften und Karten ber Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus, 5; Berlin, 1896], 58; Fery-Hue, 239)

47. Erlangen, UB 1r-2r (ed. Sandner, 113-14)



48. Firenze, Biblioteca Medicae Laurenziana, Ashburnham 130, fol. 32ra-va (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 653; Harmening, 134)

49. Firenze, Biblioteca Riccardiana O.III, no. 11 50. Firenze, Biblioteca Riccardiana R.I, no. 27 51. Frankfurt am Main, Stadt- und UB Bartholomaeus 67, fol. 132v 52. Frankfurt am Main, Stadt- und UB Bartholomaeus 160, fol. 8v 53. Gttingen, UB App. dipl. 10.E.III, No. 4 (cit. Jenks no. 130) 54. Gttingen, UB App. dipl. 16.E (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1) 55. Gttingen, Jurid. 391, fol. 143 56. Graz, UB 1016, fols. 45v-46r 57. Graz, UB 1016, fol. 46r 58. Leiden, UB Voss. lat. 4 69, fol. 37va-b 59. Lilienfeld, Stiftsbibliothek Campililiensis 137, fol. 175v 60. London, BL Cotton Cleopatra B IX, fol. 25v (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1;

Craig, xxxiv; Matter, 389; Fery-Hue, 239) 61. London, BL Cotton Tiberius A III, fol. 36r-v (ed. Chardonnens, 496-7; cit. Frster,

Kleinliteratur, 349; Matter, 387 [citing fol. 34])81 62. London, BL Cotton Tiberius D XXVI, fols. 10v-11v (cit. Matter, 387) 63. London, BL Cotton Titus D XXVI, fols. 10v-11v (ed. B. Gnzel, lfwines

Prayerbook (London, British Library, Cotton Titus D.xxvi + xxvii) [Woodbridge, 1993], 151; ed. Chardonnens, 497-8; cit. Liuzza [see above, n. 39], 221)

64. London, BL Cotton Titus D XXVII, fol. 25r-v (ed. Gnzel, 115; ed. Chardonnens, 498; cit. Liuzza, 219)

65. London, BL Egerton 821, fol. 1 (cit. Matter, 387) 66. London, BL Egerton 2852, fols. 108v-109r (cit. Craig, xxxiv; Matter, 389; Fery-

Hue, 239) 67. London, BL Harley 206, fol. 9v-10r (cit. Craig, xxxiii, citing only fol. 9v) 68. London, BL Harley 1811, fol. 36v-37r (cit. Craig, xxxiv) 69. London, BL Harley 2391, fol. 1 (cit. Craig, xxxiii) 70. London, BL Harley 2558, fol. 191ra-b (cit. Craig, xxxiv; Thorndike/Kibre, col. 427) 71. London, BL Harley 3017, fols. 63r-64v (ed. Spunar, 102-3; cit. Harmening, 134;

Matter, 387; Liuzza, 224) 72. London, BL Harley 3902, fols. 26vb-27vb (cit. Craig, xxxiv [citing fol. 26v]) 73. London, BL Royal 12.C.XII, fols. 86v-87r (ed. Spunar, 107 [citing fol. 87r]; cit.

Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349 [citing fol. 86v]; Craig, xxxiv [citing fol. 86v]; Matter, 388)

74. London, BL Royal 12.C.XII, fols. 87r-v (cit. Craig, xxxiv [citing fol. 87r]; Fery-Hue, 239)

75. London, BL Sloane 122, fol. 125r (ed. Spunar, 106; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 805; Harmening, 134; Matter, 389)

76. London, BL Sloane 282, fol. 86r-v (ed. [in part] Craig, xxxiii; ed. Spunar, 105; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1453; Harmening, 134; Matter, 388)

77. London, BL Sloane 282, fol. 86v (ed. [in part] Craig, xxxiii; ed. Spunar, 107; cit. Matter, 390; Fery-Hue, 239)

81. In Latin and Old English. The foliation of Cotton Tiberius A.III varies in the scholarship.



78. London, BL Sloane 475, fol. 217r-v (ed. Fery-Hue, 249-50; ed. Chardonnens, 449; cit. Craig, xxxiv; Matter, 389; Liuzza, 226; Fery-Hue, 239)

79. London, BL Sloane 1620, fol. 45r (ed. Spunar, 105-6; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1451 [citing fols. 45-55]; Harmening, 134; Jenks no. 129; Matter, 389)

80. London, BL Sloane 3469, fol. 37r (ed. Spunar, 104-5; cit. Craig, xxxiii; Thorndike/ Kibre, col. 1453; Harmening, 134; Matter, 388)

81. Madrid, Real biblioteca de San Lorenzo (Escorial) Q.II.22, fol. 1r (cit. W. von Hartel, Biblioteca patrum latinorum Hispanensis, SAW, philosophen-historischen Classe, 111 [Wien, 1886], 415-568 at 525)

82. Montpellier, Bibliothque de la Facult de medicine 301, fol. 1r, 105r (ed. and tr. A. Boucherie, Un almanach au xme sicle, Revue des langues romanes 3 [1872], 133-45 at 133-8; cit. Matter, 387)

83. Montpellier, Bibliothque de la Facult de medicine 384, fols. 109r-110 (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 806; Harmening, 134)

84. Mnchen, BSB clm 677, fols. 18v-19r (ed. Spunar, 103-4; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, cols. 603, 1444; Harmening, 134; Matter, 388)

85. Mnchen, BSB clm 6382, fol. 42v (ed. Spunar, 103; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 805; Harmening, 134; Matter, 387)

86. Mnchen, BSB clm 14456, fol. 75v (cit. E. Zinner, Verzeichnis der astronomischen Handschriften des deutschen Kulturgebietes [Mnchen: C. Beck, 1925], no. 11680; Chardonnens, 493 n. 19)

87. Mnchen, BSB clm 21412, fol. 1 (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1453; Harmening, 134) 88. Mnchen, BSB clm 22053, fol. 21v (cit. Zinner, no. 11681; Thorndike/Kibre, col.

1449; Jenks no. 126) 89. Mnchen, BSB clm 26666, fol. 159r (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1449; Harmening,

134; Jenks no. 125) 90. New Haven, Yale University 504 (see below, art. 11) 91. New Haven, Yale University 504 (see below, art. 11) 92. New Haven, Yale University 504 (see below, art. 11) 93. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 345, fol. 68r (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig,

xxxiv; Matter, 388) 94. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 345, fol. 69r (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig,

xxxiv; Matter, 390; Fery-Hue, 239) 95. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 1393 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1) 96. Oxford, Bod. Bodley 88, fol. 79 (cit. Matter, 390; Fery-Hue, 239)82 97. Oxford, Bod. Bodley 103, fol. 40 (cit. Matter, 388) 98. Oxford, Bod. Bodley 196, fol. 110 (cit. Matter, 389) 99. Oxford, Bod. Digby 75 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig, xxxiv) 100. Oxford, Bod. Digby 88, fol. 40r (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1451) 101. Oxford, Bod. Digby 103 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig, xxxiv) 102. Oxford, Bod. Rawlinson B.196 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig, xxxiv) 103. Oxford, Bod. Rawlinson C.486 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig, xxxiv) 104. Oxford, Bod. Rawlinson C.814 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 1; Craig, xxxiv) 105. Oxford, St. Johns College 17, fol. 159r (cit. Liuzza, 230) 106. Paris, Bibliothque de lArsenal 282, fol. K r 82. Digby 88, fol. 79, apud Craig, xxxiv?



107. Paris, BnF lat. 4968, fol. 33v (cit. A. Lngfors, Les incipit des pomes franais antrieurs au XVIe sicle [Paris: E. Champion, 1917], 135-6)

108. Paris, BnF lat. 6584, fols. 35va-36ra (cit. Hellmann, 58; Thorndike/Kibre, col. 1453; Harmening, 134; Matter, 388)

109. Paris, BnF n.a. lat. 497, fol. 78 (cit. Hellmann, 56; Eis, 25; Matter, 389) 110. Pisa, Biblioteca Cathariniana 185, fol. 18va-b 111. Rein, Stiftsbibliothek Runensis 22, fol. 149r 112. Rouen, BM A 454, fols. 261v-262r (ed. P. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454 de la

Bibliothque de Rouen, Bulletin de la Socit des anciens textes franais 8 [1883], 76-111 at 88 n. 1; cit. Matter, 389; Fery-Hue, 239)

113. Schlierbach, Stiftsbibliothek 24, fol. 129va-b 114. Uppsala, Universitetsbibliothek C 19, 320v 115. Uppsala, Universitetsbibliothek C 36, fol. 224v 116. Uppsala, Universitetsbibliothek C 223, fols. 68r-71r 117. Uppsala, Universitetsbibliothek C 654, fol. 106v 118. Uppsala, Universitetsbibliothek C 664, fols. 111-113 119. Valenciennes, BM 543, fol. 37 (ed., in part, Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 86; cit.

Matter, 388) 120. Vatican, BAV Pal. lat. 235, fol. 39r (ed. Spunar, 103; cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col.

1451; Harmening, 134; Matter, 387) 121. Vatican, BAV Pal. lat. 1188, fol. 125r 122. Vatican, BAV Pal. lat. 1226, fols. 227v-228r (ed. Spunar, 106-7; cit. Thorndike/

Kibre, col. 1403; Harmening, 134; Matter, 389) 123. Vatican, BAV Pal. lat. 1449, fols. 119v-120r (ed. G. Mercati, Anecdota apocrypha

latina. Una Visio ed una Revelatio dEsdra con un decreto di Clemente Romano. B. Una Revelatio Esdrae de qualitatibus anni, Note di letteratura biblica e cristiana antica [Studi e testi, 5; Roma: Tipograa Vaticana, 1901], 61-81 at 77-9; tr. Matter, 378-9; tr. Fiensy, 604; cit. Matter, 387)

124. Vatican, BAV Reg. lat. 567, fols. 20v-21r (margins) (cit. Hellmann, 58-9)83 125. Vatican, BAV Vat. lat. 248, fol. IIv (ed. Mercati, 77-9; cit. Matter, 387-8) 126. Vatican, BAV Vat. lat. 4825, fol. 156r (ed. Mercati, 77-9; cit. Matter, 389) 127. Vatican, BAV Vat. lat. 4439, fol. 9v (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 806)

83. For a full description of the contents of this MS, and of its prognostic marginalia, see L. Delisle, Mmoire sur danciens sacramentaires, Memoires de lAcademie des inscriptions et belles-lettres 32, part 1 (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1886), 57-423. Delisle records the following incipit at fol. 21r: Kalende januarii si fuerint sabbato, arbores hoc anno inserere debes; hiems turbinosus, et ver ventuosus This is the text to which Hellmann, 58-9, refers. Yet MS Reg. lat. 567 is not easy to read, and many of its marginal prognostica are missing sections through the trimming of its folia margins. Having examined a digital copy of this MS, my initial impression is that its copy of the Reuelatio actually begins on fol. 20v, in the top margin. Note, too, the words written in the top margin of fol. 29v: SOMNIA AD [?] ESDRE PROPHETE Reuelatio fuit, which cannot refer to the copies of the Somniale Danielis and Lunationes Danielis that follow, which also are written in the margins. On the marginal prognostica of this codex, see DiTommaso, Pseudepigrapha Notes IV, mentioned above in art. 4.



128. Wien, NB 2532, fols. 130v-132v (cit. Thorndike/Kibre, col. 653; Harmening, 134)

129. Zrich, Zentralbibliothek Car. C. 56, fol. 134v (cit. Harmening, 134) 130. Zrich, Zentralbibliothek Car. C. 176, fol. 161 (cit. Matter, 387) Anglo-Saxon 131. London, BL Cotton Tiberius A III, fol. 36r-v [gloss to Latin copy, above] (ed. [in

part] Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349; ed. M. Frster, Beitrge zur mittelalterlichen Volkskunde II, Archiv fr das Stadium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 120 [1908], 296-305 at 296-7; ed. Chardonnens, 496-7; cit. Craig, xxxv; Matter, 390 [citing fol. 34]; Liuzza, 217)

132. London, BL Cotton Tiberius A III, fols. 41v-42 (ed. Frster, Beitrge II, 297-8; ed. Chardonnens, 494-5; cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349 [citing fol. 39v]; Craig, xxxv; Matter, 390 [citing fol. 39v]; Liuzza, 218)

133. London, BL Cotton Vespasian D XIV, fol. 75v (ed. B. Assmann, Prophezeiung aus dem 1. Januar fr das Jahr, Anglia 11, 369; ed. [in part] Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349; ed. R.D.-N. Warner, Early English Homilies, from the Twelfth-Century MS. Vesp. D.XIV [EETS, o.s. 152; London: Kegan Paul, 1917], 66; ed. Chardonnens, 495; cit. Craig, xxxv; Matter, 391; Liuzza, 221)

134. Oxford, Bod. Hatton 115 [olim Junius 23], fol. 149r-v (ed. O. Cockayne, Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part Never Before Printed, Illustrating the History of Science in This Country before the Norman Conquest [Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores; London, 1866], 3.162-4; ed. Chardonnens, 496; cit. Hellmann, 58; Craig, xxxv; Matter, 391; Liuzza, 228)

Middle English 135. Cambridge, Caius and Gonville College 457, fol. 74r (cit. R.H. Robbins, English

Almanacks of the Fifteenth Century, Philological Quarterly 18 (1939), 321-31 at 324 n. 18)

136. Cambridge, CUL Ee.1.1, fol. 73a (ed. Mooney, 320-1) 137. Cambridge, CUL Ff.5.48, fols. 9v-10v (ed. J.Y. Downing, An Unpublished

Weather Prognostic in Cambridge University MS Ff.5.48, English Language Notes 8 [1970], 87-9)

138. Cambridge, CUL Ff.5.48, fol. 75v (ed. C. Hardwick, Prognostications Drawn from the Day of the Week on which New Year Commences, Notes and Queries 14 second ser. (5 April, 1856), 273-5; ed. J.Y. Downing, A Critical Edition of Cambridge University MS Ff.5.48 (Diss.: University of Washington, 1969), 208-14; cit. Brown, no. 47; Craig, xxxvi; Mooney, 321 [citing fols. 75v-78v]; Matter, 390)

139. Cambridge, CUL Ff.5.48, fol. 114r (ed. Downing, 291-2) 140. Cambridge, Magdalene College, Pepys Library 1047, fol. 23r-v (cit. Mooney, 319) 141. Cambridge, Magdalene College, Pepys Library 2125, yleaf at end (ed. Mooney,

348-51; cit. Brown, no. 720)84

84. Prognostication based upon the day of the week on which the nal day of the year occurs.



142. Cambridge, St. Johns College 135, fols. 1r-2r (ed. Robbins, English Almanacks, 324-8; cit. Brown, no. 2088; Mooney, 321 [citing fols. iiir-ivr]; Matter, 391)

143. Cambridge, St. Johns College 237, fols. 39-41 (ed. Mooney, 338-42; cit. Brown, no. 2088; Robbins, English Almanacks, 324 n. 19)

144. Cambridge, St. Johns College 269, fols. 58r (cit. Matter, 390) 145. Cambridge, TC R.3.20 [James 600], pp. 257-261 (cit. Brown, no. 1420; Mooney,

297) 146. London, BL Harley 671, fol. 25r (cit. Robbins, English Almanacks, 324 n. 19) 147. London, BL Harley 1735, fols. 13v-16v (ed. Mooney, 305-16) 148. London, BL Harley 2252, fols. 141r-142r (ed. L.L. Besserman, G. Gilman, and V.

Weinblatt, Three Unpublished Middle English Poems from the Commonplace-Book of John Colyns (B.M. MS Harley 2252), Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 71 [1970], 212-38 at 228-36; ed. Mooney, 322-38; cit. Brown, no. 2703; cf. U. Frost, Das Commonplace Book von John Colyns. Untersuchung und Teiledition der Handschrift Harley 2252 der British Library in London [Europische Hochschul-schriften 14.186; Frankfurt: P. Lang, 1988]).

149. London, BL Harley 2252, fols. 153v-154r (ed. T. Wright, Christmas Carols [Percy Society, 4; London, 1841], 18-19; ed. H. Jenner, in M.A. Denham, ed., A Collection of Proverbs and Popular Sayings Relating to the Seasons, the Weather, and Agricultural Pursuits [Percy Society, 20; London, 1846], 69-70; ed. [in part] Cheshire Notes and Queries 1 [1882], 230; ed. Mooney, 316-19; cit. Hellmann, 56-7; Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349; Brown, no. 850; Craig, xxxv; Matter, 391; see also Frost, 295-7)

150. London, BL Harley 2252, fol. 154r-v (ed. Wright, 20-3; ed. Jenner in Denham, 70-2; ed. J. Brand and H. Jenner, Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain [London, 1853-1855], 1.478; ed. C. Swainson, A Handbook of Weather Folklore [Edinburgh, 1871], 163-5; cit. Brown, no. 1237; Craig, xxxv; Mooney, 297; Matter, 391)

151. London, BL Harley 2252, fol. 159v (ed. Besserman, et al., 236-8; ed. Mooney, 356-7; see also Frost, 310-12)85

152. London, BL Harley 2390, fol. 112r-v 153. London, BL Royal 12.E.XVI, fols. 3r-4v (cit. Brown, no. 1237; Mooney, 297) 154. London, BL Sloane 213, fol. 111r-v (ed. Mooney, 342-7; cit. Craig, xxxiii, xxxv) 155. London, BL Sloane 340, fol. 74 (ed. [in part] Craig, xxxiv) 156. London, BL Sloane 393, fols. 73v-74v (cit. Craig, xxxiii [citing Sloane 292] and

xxxv; Mooney, 342) 157. London, BL Sloane 1315, fols. 65r-67v (cit. Brown, no. 1420; Mooney, 297) 158. London, BL Sloane 1609, fols. 47-48 (cit. Craig, xxxv; Matter, 390 [citing fol. 47]) 159. London, Wellcome Library 401, fols 1r-2r (cit. Mooney, 297) 160. Manchester, Chethams Library Mun. A.4.66, fol. 114r (cit. Frost, 285)

85. Prognostication based upon the day of the week on which Prime (the New Moon) occurs. A simple version of the text, whose MS tradition I have not examined (see Frost, 310-11, for examples). Versions also exist for texts based on the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul and on St. Swithins Day; for texts and editions, see Mooney, 357-61.



161. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 189, fol. 36r (cit. Craig, xxxv) 162. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 189, fol. 102v (cit. Craig, xxxv) 163. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 189, fol. 210r-v (cit. Craig, xxxv; Mooney, 297; Matter,

391) 164. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 392 or 393 II, fol. 36rv (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349;

Craig, xxxv [citing Ashmole 392]; Matter, 390) 165. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 392 or 393 II, fol. 37rv (cit. Craig, xxxv [citing Ashmole

392]; Matter, 390) 166. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 1447, fol. 39r (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349; Craig,

xxxv) 167. Oxford, Bod. Bodley 1689, fol. 75r (cit. Brown, no. 1420; Robbins, English

Almanacks, 324 n. 16) 168. Oxford, Bod. Bodley 3880, fol. 1r (cit. Robbins, English Almanacks, 324 n. 16) 169. Oxford, Bod. Bodley 6777, fol. 210r (cit. Brown, no. 2088; Robbins, English

Almanacks, 324 n. 16) 170. Oxford, Bod. Digby 88, fol. 12v (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 347 n. 3; Craig,

xxxv) 171. Oxford, Bod. Digby 88, fol. 25r (cit. Craig, xxxv) 172. Oxford, Bod. Digby 88, fol. 33 (cit. Craig, xxxv) 173. Oxford, Bod. Digby 88, fol. 75r (ed. [in part] Craig, xxxvi; ed. R.H. Robbins,

Secular Lyrics of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries [Oxford: Clarendon, 21955], 63-7; cit. Mooney, 297)

174. Oxford, Bod. Digby 88, fol. 77 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 349; Craig, xxxv; Matter, 391)

175. Oxford, Bod. James 43, fol. 1r-v (cit. Mooney, 297) 176. Oxford, Bod. Tanner 407, fol. 53r (cit. Frost, 285) 177. Oxford, Bod. Wood D.8, fols. 21r-22r (cit. Mooney, 342) 178. Princeton, Garrett Library fol. 78r-v (ed. Craig, 146-7) 179. Princeton, Garrett Library fol. 87r-v (ed. Craig, 157-8) 180. San Marino, Huntington HM 64 [olim Phillipps 6883], fols. 94r-95r (cit. Robbins,

English Almanacks, 324 n. 16; Mooney) 181. San Marino, Huntington HM 1336, fol. 35r (cit. Robbins, English Almanacks,

324 n. 19) French86 182. Bruxelles, Bibliothque royale de Belgique 10574-10585, fol. 112v (cit. Meyer,

Notice du MS. A 454, 87)

86. London, BL Harley 4043, fol. 1, which Craig describes as a French rhymed version, has some similarities to but is different from the Reuelatio. See A. Jubinal, Nouveau recueil de contes, dits, fabliaux et autres pices indites des XIIIe, XIVe et XVe sicles (Paris: Challamel, 1839-1842), 2.374-5, and note also idem, Jongleurs et trouvres; ou, Choix de saluts, ptres, rveries et autres pices lgres des XIIIe et XIVe sicles (Paris: J.A. Merklein, 1835), 124-7. My examination of the BnF MSS could not verify that a copy exists at fr. 1555, fol. 113 (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 87; Matter, 381 n. 1).



183. Cambridge, CUL Ee.1.1, fol. 1 (cit. Meyer, Les manuscrits franais II, 323; Fery-Hue, 239)

184. Cambridge, CUL Gg.1.1, fol. 393r-v (ed. Meyer, Les manuscrits franais II, 323-5; cit. Matter, 381 n. 1; Fery-Hue, 240)

185. Cambridge, TC 323-324, fol. 57r (ed. P. Meyer, Les manuscrits franais de Cambridge. III. Trinity College, Romania 32 [1903], 18-120 at 28; cit. Lngfors, 135-6)

186. Chartres, BM 334, fol. 1v (cit. Lngfors, 135-6; Matter, 381 n. 1) 187. Dijon, BM 447, fols. 99-100 (cit. Matter, 381 n. 1) 188. Falaise, BM 37, p. 405 (cit. Matter, 381 n. 1) 189. Innsbruck, Statthalterei-Archivs n 478, fols. 31v-33 (cit. W.V. Zingerle, ber

eine altfranzsische Handschrift zu Innsbruck, Romanische Forschungen 11 [1899-1901], 286-309 at 304-9; Fery-Hue, 240)

190. Heidelberg, MS private (cit. Lngfors, 135-6) 191. Lille, BM 130, fol. 84 (cit. Lngfors, 135-6) 192. London, BL Additional 24459, fols. 20r-v (cit. Matter, 388) 193. London, BL Additional 24459, fols. 20v-21r87 194. London, BL Royal 12.C.XII, fols. 88r-89v (cit. Craig, xxxv [citing fol. 88]) 195. London, BL Royal 20.D.II, yleaf 196. London, BL Sloane 2806, fol. 43v (cit. Fery-Hue, 240) 197. London, BL Sloane 3281, fols. 83r-84v (cit. Fery-Hue, 240) 198. London, BL Sloane 3469, fol. 37v (cit. Craig, xxxv) 199. London, BL Yates Thompson 21, fol. 171v [olim Yates Thompson MS 77 and

Ashburnham Appendix 171] (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 87; W.H.J. Weale, et al., A Descriptive Catalogue of the Second Series of Manuscripts (nos. 51 to 100) in the Collection of Henry Yates Thompson [Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1902], 186 [S.C. Cockerell])88

200. London, Lambeth Palace 456 [E..4], fol. 212v (cit. M.R. James and C. Jenkins, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Lambeth Palace. Part IV: Nos. 358-459 [Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1932])

201. London, National Archives [olim Public Records Ofce] E 164/1, fol. 13v 202. Lyons, BM 506, fol. 67 (cit. Matter, 381 n. 1) 203. Modena, Biblioteca Estense Etr. 32 (XII.C.7), fols. 24va-25ra (ed. J. Camus,

Notices et extraits des manuscrits franais de Modne antrieurs au XVIe sicle, Revue des langues romanes 35 [1891], 169-262 at 206-7; (cit. Lngfors, 135-6; cit. Fery-Hue, 239)

87. Followed by a notation in a different hand: The above is written in a y leaf in the Exchequer Domesday A.D. 1300. 88. The Reuelatio, in this case is attributed to Herechiel (Ezekiel), is unmentioned in the BLs online catalogue, but is listed the description of this MS in the Catalogue of the Manuscripts at Ashburnham Place. Appendix (London: C.F. Hodgson, 1861), no. CLXXI. Although the Ashburnham MSS were later dispersed to various sites, the Appendix was purchased by Henry Yates Thompson (18381929), who was an inter-esting bird, to say the least. He amassed a superb collection of precisely one hundred MSS, which he would periodically augment by replacing one volume with another, so that the total number always remained the same.



204. Montpellier, Bibliothque de la Facult de medicine 435 (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 87-8)

205. New Haven, Yale University 395, fol. 183rb-va (ed. Fery-Hue, 248 [reproduced in the text above]; cit. Meyer, Notices sur quelques manuscrits franais, 236-8)

206. Paris, Bibliothque de lArsenal (BnF) 3516, fol. 180 (ed. Camus, 206-7, cit. Fery-Hue, 240)

207. Paris, BnF fr. 837, fol. 207 (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 87) 208. Paris, BnF fr. 2039, fol. 7r (cit. Fery-Hue, 239) 209. Paris, BnF fr. 2043, fols. 101v-103r (cit. Fery-Hue, 240) 210. Paris, BnF fr. 11252, fols. 174r-175v (cit. Fery-Hue, 240) 211. Paris, BnF fr. 12786, fols. 82va-83ra (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 88, n. 1;

Craig, xxxiv, n. 3; Lngfors, 135-6; Matter, 381 n. 1; Fery-Hue, 239) 212. Paris, BnF fr. 15210, fols. 77-79 (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 87; Lngfors,

135-6; Matter, 381 n. 1) 213. Paris, BnF fr. 25408, fol. 121 (cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 86; Craig, xxxiv,

n. 3; Matter, 381 n. 1) 214. Paris, BnF fr. 25516, fol. 139 (cit. Matter, 381 n. 1; likely identical to Paris, BnF

fr. 25546, fol. 139, cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 87) 215. Paris, Bibliothque Sainte-Genevive 2255, fols. 9-13 216. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 342, fols. 28-29 (ed. Fery-Hue, 248-9; cit. Frster,

Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 2; Craig, xxxiv, n. 3; Matter, 381 n. 1; Fery-Hue, 240) 217. Oxford, Bod. Ashmole 342, fol. 29 (cit. Craig, xxxiv, n. 3; Matter, 381 n. 1) 218. Oxford, CCC 59, fol. 116 (cit. Meyer, Les manuscrits franais II, 323) 219. Oxford, Digby 86, fols. 40-41 (cit. Frster, Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 2; Matter, 381 n.

1; Fery-Hue, 239) 220. Oxford, St. Johns College 178 (cit. Craig, xxxiv, n. 3) 221. Rouen, BM A 454, fol. 247v (ed. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 89-91; cit.

Matter, 381 n. 1) 222. Turin, Biblioteca nazionale universitaria M.IV.11 (cit. Lngfors, 135-6) 223. MS, present location unknown, but formerly in the private library of the Baron

Dauphin de Verna, fols. 17v-21r (ed. F.E. Schneegans, Notice sur un calendrier franais du XIIIe sicle, Mlanges de philologie romane et dhistorire littraire offerts M. Maurice Wilmotte [Paris: H. Champion, 1910], 619-52 at 642-6; cit. Lngfors, 135-6)

Provenal 224. Paris, BnF fr. 1745, fol. 151c-d (ed. K. Bartsch, Denkmler der provenzalischen

Litteratur [Stuttgart: Bibliothek des literarischen Vereins, 1856], 315-6; ed. H. Suchier, Denkmler provenzalischer Literatur und Sprache [Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1883], 1.123-4; cit. Meyer, Notice du MS. A 454, 86)

Italian 225. Lucca, Biblioteca Capitolo (ed. Mercati, 79; cit. Matter, 381 n. 2) 226. Paris, BnF n.a. lat. 299, fol. 25 (cit. Hellmann, 57-8; Matter, 381 n. 2 [Frster,

Kleinliteratur, 348 n. 5, identies this as a Spanish copy])



Romanian 227. MS Acad. Rom. misc., pp. 124-127 (ed. [variants] M. Gaster, Chrestomatie

Romn [Leipzig/Bucures: F.A. Brockhaus/Socec & Co., 1891], 2.58-9) 228. MS Gaster, misc., fols. 39v-41a (ed. Gaster, 2.58-9) German 229. Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek, 2 25, fol. 71ra-vb 230. Bamberg, SB misc. astr. ma 9 (ed. Sandner, 122-3) 231. Bamberg, SB astr. q. 29a (cit. Sandner) 232. Bamberg, SB astr. q. 121 p. 82-83 (ed. Sandner 131) 233. Bamberg, SB misc. med. 22, fols. 67r-68r (ed. Sandner, 103-105; cit. C. Weier,

Neujahrsprognosen, Verfasserlexicon. Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Band 6 [ed. K. Ruh; Berlin/New York, 1987], cols. 915-17 at 916)

234. Berlin, SB germ. 2 214, fols. 201r-202r (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916)

235. Berlin, SB germ. 8 121, fols. 170r-173r (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916)

236. Berlin, SB germ 4 1335, fol. 152r (cit. Zinner, no. 11685) 237. Berlin, SB germ. 8 379, 230v (cit. Zinner, no. 11684) 238. Berlin, SB germ. 8 477, fol. 166r-v (cit. Zinner, no. 11683; Weier, Neu-

jahrsprognosen, col. 916) 239. Budapest, UB germ. 5, fols. 158r-159r (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 240. Erlangen, UB, sammlung Trew F *718, p. 11-15 (ed. Sandner, 123-8) 241. Frankfurt am Main, Stadt- und UB germ. 8 1, fol. 4r-v 242. Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek chart. B 1238, fols. 23r-24v (ed. M. Mitscherling,

Medizinisch-astrologisher Volkskalender. Einfhrung, Transkription und Glossar [Leipzig: Edition Leipzig, 1981], 66-8; cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916)

243. Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek chart. B 1504, fol. 1r-v 244. Gotha, Landesbibliothek chart. in folio 980, fol. 168r-v (cit. Lindgren, Das

Utrechter Arzneibuch (Ms. 1335, 16, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) [Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, Stockholmer germanistische Forschungen 21; Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1977], 32-4)

245. Hamburg SB und UB germ. 1, fol. 64r (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 246. Hannover, Staatsarchiv Arnoldus Doneldey Liber medicinalis A.A.16 [Bremer

Arzneibuch], fol. 41r-v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 247. Hannover, Staatsarchiv Arnoldus Doneldey Liber medicinalis A.A.16 [Bremer

Arzneibuch], fol. 71r-v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 248. Heidelberg, UB cpg 54, fols 9r-10r (ed. Eis, 66-8 [apparatus]) 249. Heidelberg, UB cpg 214, fol. 58va-b (ed. Sandner, 97-98; cit. Eis, 25; J. Telle,

Beitrge zur mantischen Fachliteratur des Mittelalters, Studia neophilologia 42 [1970], 180-206 at 204 n. 4; Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916)

250. Heidelberg, UB cpg 226, fols. 98v-99v (ed. Sandner, 97-99; cit. Eis, 25; F.B. Brvart, The German Volkskalender of the Fifteenth Century, Speculum 63 [1988], 312-42 at 340 n. 110; Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916)

251. Heidelberg, UB cpg 298, fol. 150rb-vb (ed. Sandner, 99-100; cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916)



252. Heidelberg, UB cpg 398, fols. 29r-30r (cit. Telle, 204 n. 4) 253. Heidelberg, UB cpg 575, fols. 34r-35v (cit. Telle, 204 n. 4; Weier, Neu-

jahrsprognosen, col. 916) 254. Heidelberg, UB cpg 577, fols. 13r-14r (ed. Sandner, 101-3; Eis, 66-8; cit. Telle,

204 n. 4; Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 255. Heidelberg, UB Salem VII.98, fols. 27r-30r (ed. Sandner, 105-9; cit. Weier,

Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 256. Heidelberg-Schriesheim, Privatsammlung Eis 54, fols. 9r-10r (cit. Weier,

Neujahrsprognosen, col. 916) 257. Karlsruhe, Landesbibliothek K 2790, fols. 127v-128r (cit. Weier, Neujahrs-

prognosen, col. 916 [corrected in Verfasserlexikon Band 11 (2004), col. 1049]) 258. Kbenhavn, Kongelige Bibliothek GKS 1664, fol. 28r-v (cit. Weier,

Neujahrsprognosen, cols. 916-17) 259. London, Wellcome Institute 438, pp. 345-350 (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen,

col. 917) 260. Manchester, John Rylands University Library 95, fols. 1-2 (cit. Matter, 381 n. 3) 261. Mnchen, BSB cgm 216, fol. 16r-v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917) 262. Mnchen, BSB cgm 223, fols. 18r-19v (cit. Brvart, 340 n. 110; Weier,

Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917) 263. Mnchen, BSB cgm 317, fol. 124 (cit. Harmening, 134) 263. Mnchen, BSB cgm 328, fols. 157v-158v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col.

917) 265. Mnchen, BSB cgm 398, fols. 29r-30r (cit. Hellmann, 57; Frster, Kleinliteratur,

348 n. 6; Harmening, 134; Matter, 381 n. 3; Brvart, 340 n. 110; Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)

266. Mnchen, BSB cgm 430, fols. 9v-10v (cit. Brvart, 340 n. 110; Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)

267. Mnchen, BSB cgm 725, fols. 105v-107v (ed. Telle, 205-6; cit. Brvart, 340 n. 110; Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)

268. Mnchen, BSB cgm 728, fols. 45r-46v 269. Mnchen, BSB cgm 17188, fols. 107v-108r (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col.

917) 270. Mnchen, BSB cgm 17296, fols. 85r-86r (cit. Brvart, 340 n. 110 [listing clm]) 271. Mnchen, BSB cgm 26713, fols. 311v-312v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen,

col. 917) 272. Mnchen, BSB clm 3776, fols. 118vb-119rb 273. Mnchen, UB 2 595, fol. 19r-v (cit. Brvart, 340 n. 110) 274. Nrnberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum 198354, fols. 28v-30v 275. Salzburg, Stiftsbibliothek St. Peter b IV 8, fol. 154r (cit. Weier, Neujahrs-

prognosen, col. 917) 276. Solothurn, Zentralbibliothek S 386, fol. 188r-v 277. Stockholm, Kgl. Bibliothek X 113 [Stockholmer Arzneibuch], fols. 4r-5r (ed. A.

Lindgren, Ein stockholmer mittelniederdeutsches Arzneibuch aus der zweiten Hlfte des 15. Jahrhunderts [Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, Stockholmer german-istische Forschungen, 5; Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1967], 57, 94; cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)



278. Utrecht, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit 1355 16 [Utrechter Arzneibuch], fols. 91r-93v (ed. Lindgren, 78-9 [191-197]; cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)

279. Wien, NB cod. 2817 [med. 92], fols. 69r-70r (cit. Telle; Weier, Neujahrs-prognosen, col. 917)

280. Wien, NB cod. 2967 [med. 92], fols. 50r-51v (cit. Telle; Weier, Neujahrs-prognosen, col. 917)

281. Wolfenbttel, HAB Guelf. 23.3 Aug. 4, fols. 135v-137v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)

282. Zrich, Zentralbibliothek C. 102b, fols. 79r-80v (cit. Weier, Neujahrsprognosen, col. 917)

283. Sammlung Prof. Eis HS 54, p. 88-89 (ed. Sandner, 119-22) Dutch 284. Gelderland, Archief (cit. G.D.J. Schotel, Vaderlandsche Volksboeken, 1.168;

Hellmann, 57) 285. unknown (cit. Schotel, 1.4; Hellman, 56) Czech 286. Wien, NB 3282, fol. 36r-v (ed. Spunar, 102) Georgian 287. unknown (cit. M. Tarchnisvili, Geschichte der kirchlicher georgischen Literatur

[Studi e testi, 185; Roma: Vatican, 1955], 355, apud M.E. Stone, Fourth Ezra: A Commentary on the Book of Fourth Ezra [Hermeneia; Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990], 47 n. 315)

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