district survey report - krishna district · 2018-12-26 · krishna district with its district...

District Survey Report - 2018

i

4

DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY Government of Andhra Pradesh

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - KRISHNA DISTRICT

Prepared by

ANDHRA PRADESH SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE (APSAC) ITE & C Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh

2018


ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

APSAC wishes to place on record its sincere thanks to Sri. B.Sreedhar IAS, Secretary to Government (Mines) and the Director, Department of Mines and Geology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for entrusting the work for preparation of District Survey Reports of Andhra Pradesh. The team gratefully acknowledge the help of the Commissioner, Horticulture Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and the Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for providing valuable statistical data and literature. The project team is also thankful to all the Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors and the staff of Mines and Geology Department for their overall support and guidance during the execution of this work. Also sincere thanks are due to the scientific staff of APSAC who has generated all the thematic maps.

VICE CHAIRMAN APSAC


iii

Contents Acknowledgements

List of Figures List of Tables

Page

1 Salient Features of Krishna District 1 1.1 Administrative Setup 1 1.2 Drainage 2 1.2a Kolleru Lake- A eco-sensitive zone 4 1.3 Climate and Rainfall 4 1.4 Transport and Communications 9 1.5 Population and Literacy 10 1.6 Important Places 11 1.6a Places of Tourist Interest 11 1.6b Places of Religious and Cultural Importance 12 1.7 Places of Economic and Commercial Importance 15 2 Land Utilization, Forest and Slope of Krishna District 17 2.1 Land Use / Land Cover Classification 17 2.2 Slope Map of the District 32 2.3 Forest Cover Distribution 35 3 Agricultural Resources in the District 37 3.1 Crop Acreage Estimation 37 3.2 Kharif Rice Estimation 38 3.3 Soil Resources of Krishna District 40 3.4 Salt Affected Soil & Water logging Map of Krishna District 41 3.5 Horticulture 42 4 Coastal Resources And Aqua Culture Of Krishna District 52 4.1 Shoreline Status Of Krishna District 52 4.2 Aquaculture in Krishna District 54 5 Water and Irrigation Resources of Krishna District 57


iv

5.1 Surface Water Resources of Krishna District 57 5.1.1 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Krishna District 57 5.1.2 Major Irrigation Project 57 5.1.3 Medium Irrigation Project 58 5.1.4 Tank Information System 59 5.2 Ground Water Prospects of Krishna District 60 5.2.1 Geology of Krishna District 60 5.2.2 Mineral Resources of Krishna District 65 5.2.3 Geomorphology of the District 74 5.2.4 Landforms of fluvial origin 75 5.2.5 Landforms of coastal origin 77 5.2.6 Landforms of Structural Origin 80

5.2.7 Landforms of Denudational Origin 81

5.2.8 Structural Features of Krishna District 83

5.2.9 Ground Water Prospects in the District 85

5.2.10 Ground Water Quality of the District 88

6 Details of Major and Minor Minerals Their Production and Revenue in the District

90

6.1 Administrative Set-Up of DMG in Krishna District 90

6.2 Office of the Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Vijayawada jurisdiction 90

6.3 Office of the Asst. Director of Mines & Geology, Nandigama jurisdiction 90

6.4 Overall view of Mining Activity in the District 91

6.5 Availability of Sand, Gravel and Aggregate Resources 91

Reference 135


v

List of Figures Fig.1 Administrative Boundaries of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 2

Fig.2 Drainage Network and Surface Water bodies of the District 3

Fig.3 Distribution of automatic weather stations (AWS) in Krishna District,

Andhra Pradesh 5

Fig.4 Distribution of Rainfall in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 6

Fig.5 Transport Network of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 9

Fig.6 Mandal wise Distribution of Schedule Caste Population and Types

of Hostels and Residential Schools in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 11

Fig.7 Some Important Tourist Places in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 15

Fig.8 Land Use / Land Cover Map of Krishna District During 2015-16 18

Fig.9 General Slope of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 34

Fig.10 Forest cover map of Krishna District during 2015-16 36

Fig.11 (a) Ground truth data overlaid on multi-temporal RGB image,

(b) Rice cropped area

(c) Transplantation date-wise rice cropped area over Krishna District 38

Fig.12 . Distribution of Cotton in Krishna District Kharif- 2017 39

Fig.13 Rabi rice Acreage Estimation in Krishna District (1,64,758 ha) Year-2016-17 40

Fig.14 Soil Resources Map of Krishna District 41

Fig.15 Salt Affected Soil & Water logging Map of Krishna District 42

Fig.16 Shoreline Change Erosin/ Accretion of Krishna District 53

Fig.17 Area of Aquaculture Distribution in Krishna District 54

Fig.18 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects of Krishna District 58

Fig.19 Geology of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 63 Fig.20 Detailed Legend with Stratigraphic Sequence of Krishna District 64 Fig.21 Geomorphology of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 75


vi

Fig. 22. Structural Map of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 84

Fig:23 Ground Water prospects in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 85 Fig.24 Distribution of Piezometer Observation wells in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 88 Fig.25 Ground Water Quality Map of Krishna District 89

List of Tables

Table No Description Page

1 Mandal-wise Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 7

2 Category-wise Distributions of Land use/Land Cover During 2015-16 19

3 Forest Cover Distribution of Krishna District 35

4 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Fresh Fruits with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-

18)

43

5 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Vegetables with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-

18)

45

6 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Plantation with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-18) 47

7 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Spices with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-18 48

8 A Aerial Extent (Ha) of Flowers with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-18) 49

9 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants with Production (MT) in Krishna

District (2017-18) 50

10 Shoreline Characteristics and statistics for Krishna Coast 52

11 Mandal-wise Aquaculture in Krishna District (Area in Hectares) 55

12 Drainage System with Description of main river 60

13 Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams 60

14 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited 71


vii

15 Estimation of Road Metal and Gravel Mineral Reserves in the Krishna District 93

16 Statement Showing the List of Leases for Major and Minor Minerals and Details of Lease wise

Production and Revenue Collections During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Vijayawada

94

17 Statement Showing the Number of Sand Reaches and Details of Dispatches During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Vijayawada

107

18 List of Quarry Leases in Force in the O/o Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Vijayawada Jurisdiction

108

19 Statement Showing the List of Leases for Major and Minor Minerals and Details of Lease wise Production and Revenue Collections During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Nandigama

118

20 Statement Showing the Number of Sand Reaches and Details of dispatches During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Nandigama

128

21 List of Quarry Leases in force in the O/o Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Nandigama Jurisdiction

129


viii

1. Salient Features of Krishna District Krishna District with its District headquarters at Machilipatnam is a coastal District of Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly called as Machilipatnam District. Later it was renamed as Krishna District after the holy river Krishna, by adding certain Taluks of the abolished Guntur District in 1859. Again in 1925, Krishna District was further divided into Krishna and West Godavari Districts. It lies between 15º 43’ 02’’ and 17º 08’ 17’’ of the North latitude and 80º 07’ 24’’ and 81º 34’ 51’’ of East longitude which extends over an area of 8727 Sq. Kms. with a coastline of 88 Kms. It was surrounded on the east by Bay of Bengal and West Godavari District, on south by Bay of Bengal on west by Guntur and Nalgonda Districts and on north by Khammam District. 1.1 Administrative Setup The District is divided into 50 Mandals (Fig.1) covering 4 Revenue Divisions viz., 1. Bandar 2. Vijayawada 3. Gudivada 4. Nuzvid. The District is naturally divided into delta and upland zones. All the mandals existing in Bandar, Gudivada divisions and part of Vijayawada division (Penamaluru, Kankipadu, Thotlavalluru part of Vijayawada Rural) comprise delta and Unguturu, Vuyyuru, Pamidimukkala and part of Gannavaram and Bapulapadu mandals of Nuzvid Division and all the mandals existing in Nuzvid division and the remaining mandals of Vijayawada Division constitute upland (DES, 2015). The upland consists of an undulating broken terrain by low ranges of Eastern Ghats. The main sources of Irrigation in upland are tanks. It is being benefited by the water of Nargarjuna Sagar also. The delta land is being irrigated by canals of river Krishna. There are five municipalities viz., 1. Machilipatnam 2. Pedana 3. Gudivada 4.Nuzvid and 5. Jaggaiahpeta and one Municipal Corporation in Vijayawada.


ix

Fig.1 Administrative Boundaries of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh

1.2 Drainage The famous river Krishna is flowing in this District (Fig.2). It is perennial in nature and flows along the western boundary of the District. Part of upland mandals as well as the delta mandals is now having the facility of utilizing the Krishna river water for irrigation purpose. The Krishna being a great and sacred river of South India like the Godavari and Cauvery flows almost across the Peninsula from West to East and finally joins the sea by two principal mouths. Among the other streams and tributaries Muniyeru, Budameru and Tammileru are significant. Muniyeru is the chief tributary of the river Krishna and it flows from north to south across erstwhile Jaggaiahpeta and Nandigama taluks. This is an additional irrigation source available in this District. The Budameru is another hill stream which flows through several mandals viz., Mylavaram, G.Konduru, Unguturu, Vijayawada,


x

Gannavaram, Gudivada, Mandavalli, Kaikaluru and finally falls into Kolleru Lake. Agriculturally, the importance of the above sources is more as they not only feed minor irrigation tanks but also provide for lift irrigation sources and ground water potential. South of Avanigadda, the river Krishna bifurcates into four branches before it debouches into the Bay of Bengal. The general drainage pattern is dendritic to sub-dendritic. The drainage density is high in consolidated formations, low in semi-consolidated formations, whereas in alluvial areas the density is meagre (CGWB, 2013).

Fig.2 Drainage Network and Surface Water bodies of the District

The Kolleru Lake having a shallow depression area of about 388.5 Sq. Km lies in Kaikaluru and Kalidindi mandals and is located between the Krishna and Godavari delta and spans into two districts - Krishna and West Godavari. It acts as a


xi

reservoir for drainage water of surrounding delta areas during monsoon and it dries up in summer. Kolleru Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Asia. The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for these two rivers. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers, and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by over 68 inflowing drains and channels. The lake is an important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratory birds. It is known the world over for the famous Kolleru Bird Sanctuary. 1.2a.Kolleru Lake- A eco-sensitive zone Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the country. This lake is

located between Krishna and Godavari river deltas. Administratively, the Kolleru is

covered in Krishna and West Godavari Districts. Kaikalur, Nandivada, and

Mandavalli Mandals in Krishna district are important tourist destinations as the

Kolleru Lake is situated within these mandals of the District. Budameru and

Tammileru are the major streams that empty into the lake. In addition to this, the

lake is fed by irrigation canals/ drains. The only outlet of the lake is river Upputeru.

The lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary under India's Wildlife Protection Act

of 1972, and designated as a wetland of international importance in Ramsar

Convention during 1971. The lake up to +5ft contour level covering 308.55 sq.km

has been notified as Wildlife sanctuary by the State Govt in October, 1999.

1.3 Climate and Rainfall Tropical climate conditions with extreme hot summer and cold winter prevail in this District. The period of April to June is the hottest with high temperature in May. The climate of the district is moderate and characterized by tropical rainy climate with aggressive summer. The period from December to middle of February is


xii

generally the season of fine weather. The summer season is from March to May. Almost in each and every mandal, automatic weather stations (AWS) are established by A.P. State Developmental Planning Society (APSDPS), Planning Department, Govt. of A.P. (Fig.3) and the data from these stations is received every day.

Fig.3. Distribution of automatic weather stations (AWS) in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh This is followed by monsoon period from June to September, the post monsoon from October to December and the winter season from January to February. The monsoon usually breaks in the middle of June and brings good rains up to middle of October. The average annual rainfall of the district is 1011.2 mm, which ranges from nil rainfall in January to March. The mean seasonal rainfall distribution is 700 mm in southwest monsoon (June- September), 241 mm in northeast monsoon


xiii

(Oct-Dec), 6.3 mm rainfall in winter (Jan-Feb) and 64 mm in summer (March–May). The percentage distribution of rainfall, season-wise, is 69.25% in southwest monsoon, 23.82 % in northeast monsoon, 0.62 percentage in winter and 6.31% in summer (CGWB, 2013). In general, the amount of rainfall increases from west to east. The distribution of rainfall in Krishna District is shown in the form of isohyets (Fig.4).The mean daily maximum temperature in the District is about 38°C in May and the mean daily minimum temperature is about 20°C in December/ January. Temperature in the District begins to rise from the middle of February till May. With the onset of southwest monsoon in June, the temperature decreases to about 20°C and is more or less uniform during the monsoon period. The relative humidity in the District is of the order of 80% in the mornings throughout the year, whereas in the evenings the relative humidity varies from about 70 to more than 80% (CGWB, 2013). Mandal-wise average annual rainfall is given in Table-1. From this Table, it is observed that maximum rainfall is found in July and August months and minimum in January with an average annual rainfall of 1032mm.


xiv

Fig.4 Distribution of Rainfall in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh


15

Table-1 Mandal Wise Average Annual Rainfall (mm)

S No Mandal Name Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TOTAL

1 MYLARAM 11.19 9.04 12.65 14.79 61.23 119.97 199.32 224.21 176.57 132.28 50.04 10.76 1022.05

2 REDDIGUDEM 5.77 8.90 10.54 14.16 67.02 111.94 211.24 229.04 160.53 120.15 32.46 5.80 977.54

3 A KONDURU 5.41 6.51 7.84 13.11 43.31 108.89 186.18 217.66 144.53 120.58 29.16 7.73 890.90

4 AGIRIPALLE 4.55 12.54 11.33 10.79 51.73 111.31 188.43 201.99 156.11 155.49 55.37 12.98 972.61

5 AVANIGADA 16.68 13.27 18.00 15.34 56.73 144.39 214.93 241.84 202.32 257.03 117.37 28.99 1326.88

6 BANTUMILLI 4.83 11.11 14.63 9.85 39.31 123.62 179.01 184.75 177.86 194.89 93.35 20.79 1053.97

7 BAPULAPAD 5.51 9.62 15.74 9.32 49.82 128.50 185.58 211.57 180.48 132.09 52.43 18.02 998.67

8 CHALLAPALLE 18.14 15.63 18.09 11.49 64.97 113.90 215.91 195.60 188.72 207.53 115.64 19.13 1184.77

9 CHANDARLAPADU 9.40 13.48 10.17 13.85 47.57 118.80 182.76 216.81 158.32 112.93 39.67 7.99 931.74

10 CHATRAI 8.73 7.77 9.38 15.41 63.50 140.36 227.88 226.70 166.00 124.82 43.20 11.61 1045.37

11 G KONDURU 9.19 9.54 12.19 11.35 59.86 122.57 203.46 220.55 193.65 144.13 49.41 7.55 1043.45

12 GAMPALAGUDEM 3.49 5.39 14.40 14.63 65.91 121.48 227.78 268.61 179.59 111.69 27.12 8.14 1048.24

13 GANNAVARAM 9.50 19.52 17.11 20.14 74.19 136.77 203.70 204.76 190.68 127.09 62.29 17.70 1083.44

14 GHANTASALA 10.87 9.27 10.56 10.83 53.14 93.78 163.60 145.21 140.52 146.58 89.78 12.66 886.80

15 GUDIVADA 5.79 9.42 13.73 19.56 45.14 137.44 201.77 193.47 177.03 135.06 77.42 22.45 1038.26

16 GUDLAVALLERU 4.39 9.99 11.56 15.61 40.62 118.81 172.00 173.28 147.64 132.96 65.64 12.64 905.14

17 GUDUR 4.80 16.01 11.60 11.86 41.24 113.20 173.98 189.69 167.54 179.50 93.70 12.40 1015.50

18 IBRAHIMPATNAM 9.28 13.74 13.52 14.29 61.44 131.90 192.10 222.23 179.55 138.76 48.72 10.79 1036.30

19 JAGGAYYAPETA 4.94 6.82 8.77 13.77 51.32 106.41 190.24 208.26 151.64 117.91 34.69 6.40 901.19

20 KAIKALUR 5.33 13.41 16.88 16.47 39.95 121.05 217.69 205.18 164.35 139.59 69.63 17.47 1026.99

21 KALIDINDI 6.64 10.14 10.05 12.75 42.80 125.47 207.82 211.98 166.85 163.74 75.06 20.26 1053.56

22 KANCHIKA CHERLA 5.43 9.56 8.99 13.21 40.23 151.23 184.40 232.59 182.16 133.30 30.37 11.18 1002.64

23 KANNIPADU 7.86 20.09 12.18 17.04 54.12 134.04 208.22 207.44 165.58 159.69 58.87 15.26 1060.39

24 KODURU 6.64 11.23 9.86 12.91 44.74 103.10 144.20 146.05 141.63 220.14 125.49 35.63 1001.61

25 KRUTHIVENNU 3.87 10.44 12.31 7.41 48.15 97.35 173.97 152.29 160.51 176.39 93.54 23.69 959.90

26 MACHILIPATNAM 5.79 18.58 8.63 8.85 45.66 118.23 180.63 180.36 187.59 214.81 94.21 22.59 1085.89

27 MANDAVALLI 3.84 14.31 9.96 13.76 44.88 135.21 203.75 197.32 170.59 146.88 84.32 17.70 1042.49


16

28 MOPIDEVI 16.66 11.43 15.55 10.96 44.00 112.51 176.28 187.51 177.45 216.94 99.06 24.15 1092.49

29 MOVVA 15.19 13.41 7.59 21.00 44.38 107.68 166.15 185.43 178.25 160.20 85.11 22.16 1006.55

30 MUDINAPALLE 3.67 16.58 9.19 15.33 43.95 124.76 191.76 197.32 162.42 139.15 73.76 17.16 995.03

31 MUSUNURU 6.45 5.95 13.89 17.91 53.25 108.39 200.68 202.46 170.41 137.79 41.63 14.04 972.84

32 NAGAYALANKA 8.73 16.09 14.21 10.76 61.83 117.10 174.53 176.47 169.54 236.22 140.74 34.87 1161.09

33 NANDIGAMA 10.11 7.97 9.41 15.72 42.99 124.83 202.74 208.63 183.15 127.12 39.75 8.70 981.10

34 NANDIVADA 4.83 11.84 15.99 16.77 43.34 119.12 206.55 205.46 187.36 146.36 74.91 18.57 1051.10

35 NUZVID 9.72 10.59 8.18 20.61 56.18 138.25 228.27 240.61 174.64 125.43 51.65 15.54 1079.66

36 PAMARRU 8.81 14.65 12.32 18.31 48.89 141.53 205.57 203.12 180.09 154.05 84.33 25.72 1097.37

37 PAMIDIMUKKALA 7.75 8.54 13.73 15.23 52.30 93.48 185.83 164.09 158.04 156.42 76.58 19.54 951.53

38 PEDANA 6.90 17.13 12.98 8.16 48.14 107.61 171.18 157.87 151.20 168.16 88.66 19.55 957.53

39 PEDAPARUPUDI 4.04 8.00 14.11 17.61 41.66 122.09 173.69 170.67 143.42 120.87 62.98 20.39 899.52

40 PENAMALURU 13.26 10.96 11.38 14.54 60.22 115.54 178.74 202.68 181.66 155.64 56.74 13.10 1014.47

41 PENUGANCHIPROLU 3.94 6.90 9.88 15.22 53.40 121.14 190.40 232.14 175.26 128.31 33.49 8.48 978.56

42 THOTLAVALLURU 11.40 13.12 15.12 20.06 50.36 115.78 183.67 187.28 166.69 181.35 68.02 23.27 1036.11

43 TIRUVURU 6.91 10.46 10.11 18.75 56.58 145.37 272.76 268.83 183.95 123.67 37.04 6.95 1141.38

44 UNGUTURU 6.30 11.90 15.28 15.27 50.37 108.85 189.57 182.94 166.02 130.40 60.10 13.67 950.66

45 VATSAVAI 10.37 13.24 11.83 25.41 75.61 157.15 272.08 305.09 242.02 165.97 52.86 9.52 1341.13

46 VEERULAPADU 8.50 5.19 10.38 12.79 50.49 142.43 219.37 235.55 182.62 133.00 39.15 8.08 1047.55

47 VIJAYAWADA RURAL 12.11 21.24 11.28 11.41 53.64 132.46 248.31 250.94 183.26 138.79 57.88 16.49 1137.84

48 VIJAYAWADA URBAN 12.07 17.76 10.48 11.38 51.69 125.41 42 236.37 175.05 153.26 60.85 15.75 1111.60

49 VISSANNAPET 9.59 9.58 13.47 20.51 64.62 139.29 249.01 259.14 163.75 134.35 44.91 10.59 1118.81

50 VUYYURU 6.43 10.45 13.30 11.77 49.66 99.84 172.94 178.58 145.95 139.50 73.23 19.72 921.35

Total 8.03 11.77 12.21 14.56 51.92 122.21 198.84 206.97 171.61 152.38 66.25 16.09 1032.83


2

DMG, GoAP

9

1.4 Transport and Communications The District is well served by roads and railways. 972 villages (including some of the major hamlets) have been connected with transport facilities of which 923 villages are connected by A.P.S.R.T.C. The network of National highways, State highways, District roads and Panchayat roads is shown in Fig.5. Vijayawada city situated at the head of the Krishna delta is the chief commercial centre of this District and also there is an important railway junction being connected to Delhi, Kolkota, Chennai, Hubli, etc. It has an airport at Gannavaram about 16 Kms away from Vijayawada. A minor sea port is at Machilipatnam. APSAC carried out detailed mapping of Panchayat raj roads using high resolution satellite data and developed a web application (APSAC, 2017a).

Fig.5 Transport Network of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh


2

DMG, GoAP

10

From the study, it is revealed that Krishna District has 1864 habitations and among them 1727 are connected with BT and CC roads. There are 1784 Panchayat Raj roads with a total length of 3925 Km. The break-up of these roads is 1376 KM BT, 137 KM is CC, 406 KM is WBM, 1183 KM is Gravelly and 833 Km is Earthen roads. Another detailed analysis revealed that 211 mandal headquarters, out of 670 do not have double lane connectivity. The total length of single lane roads required to upgrade to double lane is about 2845.5 km. Mandal-wise proposed road length information would aid in understanding the status of spatial distribution of roads and its extent. This will ultimately help decision makers for further planning and to take appropriate decisions in time for development (Tata Babu et.al. 2015). 1.5 Population and Literacy The population of the District is 45,17, 398 comprising with a decennial growth of 7.86%. The district has 969 inhabited and 36 uninhabited villages. It took third rank in population density (518 per Sq.Km). Krishna District has recorded a literacy of 73.74 as per 2011 census. This District is much advanced in the field of education. Almost all the villages in the District have primary schools. Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences is located at Vijayawada. In terms of scheduled caste population there are 4,35,412 males and 4,35,617 females with a literacy rate of 75.31% and 65.64%, respectively (DES, 2015). Mandal-wise spatial distribution of schedule caste population and types of SC student hostels and residential schools in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh is shown in Fig.6.


2

DMG, GoAP

11

Fig.6 Mandal wise Distribution of Schedule Caste Population and Types of Hostels

and Residential Schools in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh

1.6 Important Places 1.6a Places of Tourist Interest Vijayawada: The 4014 feet long Prakasam Barrage-road bridge-cum regulator across river Krishna which links Krishna and Guntur districts and benefits an ayacut of about 12 lakh acres in Krishna Delta offers a pleasant sight. There is a 56 feet Stupa on the Gandhi Hill besides a library on Gandhian literature along with a children train and a Planetarium on the hill. The Mogalrajapuram caves are another attraction for tourists. Of the three cave temples dating back to fifth century, only one is still in good shape. It contains the idols of Lord Nataraja and


2

DMG, GoAP

12

Vinayaka among others. The Arthanareeswara Murthy found here is regarded as the only one in the entire South India. The other famous caves are the Undavalli caves, situated about 8 Kms from Vijayawada. These caves were built in 7th century A.D (DES, 2015). Kondapally (Ibrahimpatnam Mandal): Kondapalli is well known for its wooden toys named after it. The ancient fort of Kondapalli is a place of historical importance and tourist interest. It is said to have been constructed by Ana-Vema Reddy in the period 1362-1377 A.D, and was captured and annexed by Krishna Devaraya in Vijayanagar Empire. Kolleru Lake (Kaikaluru Mandal): This is a big lake. A trip in the waters of lake during August to November will be a pleasant experience. Manginapudi: The beach at Manginapudi is a natural beach which attracts many tourists. Puligadda (Avanigadda Mandal): The aqueduct at Puligadda is an attraction to tourists 1.6b Places of Religious and Cultural importance Vijayawada: Known as Vijayavatika in mythology, Vijayawada is a place of pilgrimage on the banks of river Krishna. People gather in thousands for a dip in Krishna during important festivals particularly on Mahasivarathri. Krishna Pushkaram occurring once in 12 years is an all India festival and lakhs of people pay their homage to the sacred Krishnaveni. Arjuna obtained the famous “Pasupathastra” after doing penance on “Indrakeela” hill. In the town Kanaka Durga is the presiding deity and the Durga temple situated on the hill, attracts


2

DMG, GoAP

13

pilgrims, throughout the year from far and near. From uphill a panoramic view of the city can be had which all the more is fascinating during nights. The locations of important tourist places in Krishna District are shown in Fig.7. Chilakalapudi (Machilipatnam): The Pandurangaswamy temple at Chilakalapudi said to be on par with the temple at Pandaripuram is a famous pilgrim centre. The festival at this temple during Karthikamasam attracts a number of pilgrims. Movva (Movva Mandal): Sri Movva Venugopala Swany Temple is the place where Kshetrayya is said to have composed his famous lyrics. The Kshetrayya Kala Samithi at Movva now teaches music and dance to students. Kuchipudi (Movva Mandal): It is the birth place of Siddhendra Yogi, the originator of the Kuchipudi dance which is famous throughout the country. The Siddhendra Kala Kshetram at Kuchipudi offers a 5 year course leading to the title “Natya Acharya”. Peda Kallepalli (Movva Mandal): This is on the bank of the sacred river Krishna and is popularly known as Southern Banaras. A great festival is celebrated on Shivarathri. Ghantasala: Ghantasala was once a port and a halting place for Buddhist pilgrims and merchants from Kalinga to Ceylone. There are Hindu and Buddhist sculptures in the village. The artistic excellence of the images of Kala Bhairava and Saraswathi compare well with the art forms found at Mohenjadaro. The image of Lord Narasimha is said to be a superbly carved one. After the course of the river Krishna shifted, the glory of Ghantasala faded away.


2

DMG, GoAP

14

Srikakulam (Ghantasala Mandal): Srikakulam was once the capital of Andhra Empire. The Andhra King Goutamiputra Satakarni (AD 102-123) ruled over the whole country watered by the rivers Krishna and Godavari. There is a temple of Andhra Mahavishnu, who must have been a noble royal sage. It is said that Sri Krishna Devaraya worshipped at this temple in 1509 and in a dream he was asked by the Deity to compose a poem on himself. Later the emperor wrote the book “Amukta Malyada” which is one of the literary classics (Fig.7). Hamsaladeevi (Koduru Mandal): It is here that river Krishna finally falls into the Bay of Bengal. Thousands of pilgrims offer prayers at Sri Venugopala Swamy temple on the Magha Purnima. Vedadri (Jaggayyapeta Mandal): One of the oldest temples in the District is Sri Ugranarasimha Swamy present on the bank of river Krishna (Fig.7). Agiripalli (Agiripalli Mandal): Sri Sobhanachala Swamy temple at Agiripalli is a pilgrim centre. Vadali (Gudivada Mandal): The temple of Sri Jagannadha Swamy temple at Vadali is a pilgrim centre. Gudivada (Gudivada Mandal): There is a Jain temple of Parswandha Swamy enriched with Marble sculpture. This was a Buddhist centre once and there is a Lanja Dibba under the control of Archaeological Department (Fig.7).


2

DMG, GoAP

15

Fig.7. Some Important Tourist Places in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 1.7 Places of Economic and Commercial importance Vijayawada: Vijayawada is the second largest city in the State. The rail and road trunk route linking Chennai, Delhi, Kolkota, Machilipatnam and Hyderabad is one of the largest traffic centers in South India. A two lakh tonne cement factory is situated here besides 392 factories registered under Factories Act. An Autonagar is also established.


2

DMG, GoAP

16

Machilipatnam: Machilipatnam is the District headquarters and the second largest town in the District. Factories are situated here. The Andhra Scientific Company is the major industrial establishment of the Town. It manufactures scientific instruments which are mainly used in Laboratories of educational institutions and has a standing of over 35 years. Kalamkari industry in which colour printing on the cloth is done by natural colours, avoiding the use of chemical colours is famous. Gold covering is also a local industry which attracts customers throughout the State (DES, 2015). Vuyyuru: The Vuyyuru Sugar factory though ranking next to Nizam Sugar factory in capacity, has been turning out the largest output of sugar in the State in recent years. Challapalli: The Challapalli sugar Factory is another important factory in the district.


2

DMG, GoAP

17

2. Land Utilization, Forest and Slope of Krishna District

The Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) pattern of any region is an outcome of various physical and cultural factors and their utilization by man in time and space. Land use refers to the type of utilization to which man has put the land. It also refers to the evaluation of the land with respect to various natural characteristics. But land cover describes the vegetal attributes of land. Land use/land cover data is essential for planners, decision makers and those concerned with land resources management. For the proper understanding of the influence of the various human-induced land use practices with regard to the environmental change, it is essential to help simulate the land use changes. Remote sensing technology is considered the most effective as it provides timely and authentic information about the spatial distribution of land use/land cover, while Geographical Information System (GIS) provides a flexible digital environment for collecting, storing, visualizing and analyzing the spatial data. Remote sensing as a vital tool helps for rapid assessment and monitoring of a natural resource. When combined with GIS, it makes it possible to map land use/cover phenomena in detail for further planning, development, and decision-making, which is essential for meeting the increasing demands and welfare of the ever-growing population. 2.1 Land Use / Land Cover Classification Various land use/land cover categories have been delineated by using the satellite data of 3 seasons (Kharif, Rabi & Zaid) under level-3 classification. For on-screen digitization, visual image interpretation techniques (size, shape, color, tone, texture, association and pattern) have been used for classifying the land use/land cover map (NRSA, 2006). This information is used for general planning purposes at district/mandal level. The broad categories are built-up, agricultural, forest, wastelands, wetlands and water bodies. The spatial distribution of land use/land


2

DMG, GoAP

18

cover of Krishna District is shown in Figure-15 and area statistics presented in Table-5.1.

Fig.8. Land Use / Land Cover Map of Krishna District During 2015-16


2

DMG, GoAP

19

Table-2 Category-wise Distributions of Land use/Land Cover During 2015-16

S. No Land Use Categories Year 2015-16 Area in sq.km. %

Built-Up Land 533.43 6.11 1 Compact (Continuous) 77.04 0.88 2 Sparse (Discontinuous) 25.67 0.29 3 Vegetated / Open Area 65.92 0.76 4 Rural 318.32 3.65 5 Industrial 28.63 0.33 6 Industrial area-Ash / Cooling Pond 3.43 0.04 7 Mining - Active 2.19 0.03 8 Mining - Abandoned 1.26 0.01 9 Quarry 10.97 0.13

Agricultural Land 6656.41 76.27 10 Kharif Crop 1442.04 16.52 11 Rabi Crop 186.22 2.13 12 Zaid Crop 85.57 0.98 13 Cropped in 2 seasons 2824.76 32.37 14 Cropped more in 2 seasons 101.37 1.16 15 Fallow 257.75 2.95 16 Plantation 1018.94 11.68 17 Aquaculture 739.74 8.48

Forest 624.23 7.15 18 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Dense 65.83 0.75 19 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Open 190.85 2.19 20 Forest Plantation 64.54 0.74 21 Scrub Forest 133.40 1.53 22 Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Dense 71.47 0.82 23 Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Open 95.76 1.10 24 Tree Clad Area-Dense 0.80 0.01 25 Tree Clad Area-Open 1.59 0.02


2

DMG, GoAP

20

S. No Land Use Categories Year 2015-16 Area in sq.km. %

Wastelands 148.61 1.70 26 Salt affected land 0.26 0.00 27 Dense scrub 82.23 0.94 28 Open scrub 44.27 0.51 29 Coastal 19.61 0.22 30 Riverine 0.23 0.00 31 Barren Rocky/Stony waste 2.00 0.02

Wetlands 251.43 2.88 32 Inland Natural (Ox-bow lake, waterlogged

etc.) 35.08 0.40

33 Inland Manmade (Water logged, saltpans 50.86 0.58 34 Coastal - Lagoon, creeks, mudflats etc. 138.46 1.59 35 Coastal - Saltpans 27.03 0.31

Water bodies 513.11 5.88 36 River/Stream-Perennial 129.12 1.48 37 River/Stream-Non Perennial 151.45 1.74 38 Canal/Drain 67.80 0.78 39 Reservoir/Tanks-Permanent 42.32 0.48 40 Reservoir/Tanks-Seasonal 122.43 1.40

Total 8727.22 100.00

Built-Up

These are the areas of human habitation that have a cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water, vegetation and vacant lands. It consists of built-up (Compact & Sparse), Vegetated / Open Area, Rural, Industrial and Mining/Quarry. It occupies an area of 533.43 sq. km, which is about 6% of the total geographical area of the district. Of which, rural area contributes 3.65% which is more than 50% of the built-up category.


2

DMG, GoAP

21

Built up - Compact (Continuous)

Most of the land is covered by buildings, roads, and artificially surfaced area and cover almost all the ground. The built-up - compact class is assigned when the urban structures and transport network (i.e. impermeable surfaces) occupies more than 80 % of the surface area. This category occupied 77.04 sq. km, which is found in urban areas.

Built up - Sparse (Discontinuous)

Most of the land is covered by the structures like buildings, roads and artificially surfaced areas associated with vegetated areas and bare soil, which occupy discontinuous but significant surfaces. Between 30 and 80 % of the total surface should be impermeable. Scattered blocks of residential flats, hamlets and small villages are delineated under this category. It contributes an area of 25.67 sq. km, which is found in peri-urban areas.

Vegetated / Open Area

These are vegetated areas within urban agglomeration (situated within or in contact with urban areas). Vegetation cover of trees, shrubs, and herbs covers at least 5% of the total surface area, it has been delineated. Parks, sport and leisure facilities, camping grounds, sports grounds, leisure parks, golf courses, race courses, including formal parks etc are considered in this category. This category occupies an area of 65.92 sq. km.

Built-Up – Rural

These are the lands used for the human settlement of size comparatively less than the urban settlements of which more than 80% of the people are involved in the primary activity of agriculture and associated with non-commercial and with allied


2

DMG, GoAP

22

classes are identified as built up (rural) category. The rural area contributed is about 318 sq. km.

Industrial

Non-linear impervious surfaces are included in this class which is related to trade, manufacturing, distribution and commerce. These are areas where the human activity is observed in the form of manufacturing along with other supporting establishments for maintenance. The industrial area occupies an area of 28.63 sq. km, which is observed in and around towns.

Industrial area-Ash / Cooling Pond

These are the portions of industry which are used for temporary storage of ash, contaminated soil, rubble, cooling of hot water or tailing pond associated with the industry. The areas where industrial waste is permanently kept, categorized as other waste which is delineated under this category. A stockpile of storage dump of industrial raw material or slag/effluents or waste material or quarried/mixed debris from earth’s surface is considered under this category. It is observed that this category is found around the industrial areas with an area of 3.43 sq. km.

Mining – Active

Mining areas encompass area under surface operations. The recognizable impacts of these activities on the landscape are unmistakable giant pit mines covering vast areas. The active mining areas are presently large-scale surface operations of removal of economically important ores and presently going on. The active mining area contributes an area of 2.19 sq. km.

Mining – Abandoned

These are the areas where large-scale surface operations of removal of economically important ores are carried out in the past, but presently kept


2

DMG, GoAP

23

abandoned due to various reasons like economic, operational, viability, disturbances etc. Only 1.26 sq. km has been contributed under this category.

Quarry

These are manifestations of surface mining operations wherein small-scale excavation of land surface for sand, gravel, clay-phosphate mines, limestone quarries etc. are taking place. They are mostly characterized by its nearness to urban areas. It contributes an area of about 11 sq.km.

Agricultural Land

The land use category primarily used for the production of food, fiber, and other commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops namely cropland, fallow land, agricultural plantation and aquaculture. The agricultural category is found as the major category covering 6656.41 sq. km (76.27%) during 2015-16. It is also found that double-cropped area is about 32% of the district total geographical area.

Kharif Crop

Agricultural area cultivated between June/July to September/ October coinciding with SW monsoon season is considered Kharif crop. It is associated with rain-fed crops under dryland farming with limited or no irrigation and areas of rain-fed paddy and other dry crops. Kharif is found to be the second major agricultural category with an extension of 1442 sq. km (16.52%).

Rabi Crop

These areas are cultivated between November/December to February/March. It is associated with areas under assured irrigation irrespective of the source of irrigation. However, rabi cropped areas also occur in rain-fed regions, under


2

DMG, GoAP

24

residual soil moisture conditions especially in black soil areas with high rainfall during Kharif season. The extent of rabi cropped area is about 186 sq. km (2.13%).

Zaid Crop

These are the areas that are cropped during summer (April – May) which are mostly associated with irrigated areas with fertile soils, confined to plains/delta areas. The areas are found in 85.57 sq. km during 2015-16.

Cropped in two seasons

These are the areas that are cropped during two cropping seasons that are often seen associated with irrigated areas. Three combinations are possible in this category viz., - Kharif + Rabi, Kharif + Zaid and Rabi + Zaid. It is found that this is the major agricultural category with an extent of 2824.76 sq. km (32.37%).

Cropped in more than two seasons

These are the areas which are cropped in more than two cropping seasons. It includes triple cropped areas (Kharif, Rabi and Zaid), areas under multiple cropping. Long duration crops like sugarcane, cotton, banana, pineapple, etc. are considered under this category. It contributes an area of 101.37 sq. km (1.16%).

Fallow land

The agricultural land which is being used for cultivation but is temporarily allowed to rest or un-cropped for one or more seasons, but not less than a year and for not more than five years is referred to as fallow land. The fallow land occupies an area of 257.75 sq. km.

Agricultural Plantation

These are the areas under agricultural tree crops planted adopting agricultural management techniques. These also include the areas of land use systems and


2

DMG, GoAP

25

practices wherein cultivation of herbs, shrubs, and vegetable crops are deliberately integrated with agricultural crops mostly in irrigated conditions for ecological and economic reasons. These areas are separable from cropland, especially with the data acquired during rabi/zaid season. Plantations appear in dark-red to red tone of different sizes with regular and sharp edges indicating the presence of a fence around it. It is found that 11.68% of the land is under plantation crops during 2015-16.

Aquaculture

These are the areas where fish and shrimps are bred and reared for commercial purposes. Aquaculture ponds are located mostly along the coast or in lakes, river and estuaries. This category is mostly found along the coast with an area of 739.74 sq. km (8.48%).

Forest

The term forest is used to refer to land with a tree canopy cover of more than 10 percent and area of more than 0.5 ha. Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses within the notified forest boundaries. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m within the notified forest boundaries. The forest cover occupied about 624 sq. km (7%).

Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Dense

This category is predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year, especially during summer. These are mostly broad-leaved tropical forests with a tendency to shed their leaves annually. This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40 % and contributed 65.83 sq. km.

Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Open


2

DMG, GoAP

26

This category is predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year, especially during summer. These are mostly broad-leaved tropical forests with a tendency to shed their leaves annually. This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between 10 and 40 percent. An area of 190.85 sq. km is attributed to this category.

Forest Plantation

These are the areas of tree species of forestry importance, raised and managed especially in notified forest areas. Most of these are located in uplands, coastal areas within notified areas. Many of these can be identified based on the sharp boundary exhibited by them. The distribution of forest plantation is 64.54 sq. km.

Scrub Forest

These are the forest areas which are generally seen at the fringes of dense forest cover and settlements, where there is biotic and abiotic interference. Most times, they are located closer to habitations. Forest blanks which are the openings amidst forest areas, devoid of tree cover, observed as openings of assorted size and shapes as manifested on the imagery are also included in this category. It is attributed to an area of 133.40 sq. km (1.53%).

Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Dense

These are the areas with the plants evergreen in nature, halophytic, dense or woody in nature, occurring along tidal waters/creeks, estuaries and along the delta in coastal areas. They are densely colonized in coastal on tidal flats, estuaries salt marshes etc. This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40%. This category is found along the coastal areas with an account of 71.47 sq. km.

Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Open


2

DMG, GoAP

27

These are the areas with the plants evergreen in nature, halophytic, dense or woody in nature, occurring along tidal waters/creeks, estuaries and along the delta in coastal areas. They are densely colonized in coastal on tidal flats, estuaries salt marshes etc. This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between 10 and 40 percent. It is found that 95.76 sq. km area is under this category.

Tree Clad Area-Dense

Areas with tree cover lying outside the notified forest area with a woody perennial plant with a single, well-defined stem carrying a more-or-less-defined crown and being at least 3 m tall. Plants essentially herbaceous but with a woody appearance (e.g. bamboos and ferns) are also classified as trees if the height is more than 5 m and as shrubs, if the height is less than 5 m. This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40%. It occupied an area of 0.80 sq. km.

Tree Clad Area-Open

Areas with tree cover lying outside the notified forest area with a woody perennial plant with a single, well-defined stem carrying a more-or-less-defined crown and being at least 3 m tall. Plants essentially herbaceous but with a woody appearance (e.g. bamboos and ferns) are also classified as trees if the height is more than 5 m and as shrubs, if the height is less than 5 m. This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between 10 and 40 per cent. It is attributed to an area of 1.59 sq. km.

Wastelands

Wasteland is described as degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable effort and which is currently underutilized and land which is deteriorating for lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of


2

DMG, GoAP

28

natural causes. Wastelands can result from inherent/imposed disabilities such as by location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or financial or management constraints. The area under this category is 148.61 sq. km (1.70%).

Salt-affected land

These lands are containing an excessive concentration of salts (soluble salts or exchangeable saline or both). Salinization can result from improper management of canal irrigation water resulting in the rise of the water table and consequent accumulation of salts in the root zone in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid (dry) conditions and ingress of sea water in coastal regions and/or use of high-salt containing ground water. They also become saline when soils have developed on salt containing parent materials or have saline ground water. Coastal saline soils may be with or without ingress or inundation by sea water. These lands are accounted for 0.26 sq. km only.

Dense scrub

The scrub is usually confined to topographically elevated areas, on the hill slopes generally surrounded by agricultural lands. These areas possess shallow and skeletal soils, at times chemically degraded, extremes of slopes, severely eroded and lands subjected to excessive aridity with scrubs dominating the landscape. It is found with varying sizes of small to large areas having a contiguous or dispersed pattern. The dense scrub is mostly identified on the hills and occupied an area of 82.23 sq. km.

Open scrub

This category has a similar description as mentioned in the dense scrub excepting that they possess sparse vegetation or devoid of scrub and have a thin soil cover. The open scrub is found foothills surrounded by agricultural lands with an account of 44.27 sq. km.


2

DMG, GoAP

29

Coastal Sand

Coastal sands are the sands that are accumulated as a strip along the sea-coast. Very high reflectance exhibited by this category especially in the NIR region of the spectrum enable their separation with the salt-affected land. It is found in along the coast and occupied an area of 19.61 sq. km (0.22%).

Riverine sand

Riverine sands are those that are seen as accumulations in the flood plain as sheets which are the resultant phenomena of river flooding. The sandy areas occurring within or in continuity to river course are to be excluded from this category. These are found along the Krishna River and attributed only 0.23 sq. km.

Barren Rocky/Stony waste

The barren rock exposures are especially confined to hilly terrain with down slope with rock outcrops, stony waste and fragments. The area under this category is 2 sq. km.

Wetlands

All submerged or water-saturated lands, natural or man-made, inland or coastal, permanent or temporary, static or dynamic which necessarily have a land-water interface, are defined as wetlands. The wetlands category is found having 251.43 sq. km with four sub categories.

Wetland - Inland - Natural

These are the areas that include ox-bow lakes, cut-off meanders, playas, swamp, marsh, peat bogs etc (with vegetation). This category contributed 35.08 sq. km of the district total.


2

DMG, GoAP

30

Wetland - Inland- Manmade

Waterlogged areas (seasonal and perennial) created due to the negative effect of human management practices and are present with vegetation. This is attributed to an area of 50.86 sq, km.

Wetland – Coastal

These include estuaries, lagoons, creek, backwater, bay tidal flat/mud flat, mangrove, salt marsh/marsh with vegetation and other hydrophytic vegetation. It contributed an area of 138.46 sq. km (1.59%).

Coastal - Saltpans

Saltpans are flat expanses of areas covered with salt usually white under the Sum. Saltpans are manmade saline ecosystem from which crude salt is extracted during summer. These are un-drained, usually small and shallow, natural depression or hollow in which brackish water accumulates and evaporates leaving behind salt deposits. This category is found nearer to Machilipatnam area and attributed 27.03 sq. km.

Water Bodies

This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, canals etc. These are seen clearly on the satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan color depending on the depth of water. Waterbody category occupies an area about 513 sq. km with 5.88% of the district.

River/Stream-Perennial

Rivers/streams are the natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite channel/slope regularly or intermittently towards a sea in most cases or a


2

DMG, GoAP

31

lake or an inland basin in desert areas or a marsh or another river. The rivers/streams that flow continuously throughout the year are considered perennial. This contributes an area of 129.12 sq. km.

River/Stream-Non Perennial

When the water covers the surface for less than nine months in each year, it is considered non perennial. This also includes the dry part of river generally characterized by the presence of sand or exposed rocks. It is found that most of the streams fall under non perennial category and contributes an area of 151.45 sq. km.

Canal/Drain

Canals and drains are artificial watercourse constructed for irrigation, navigation or to drain out excess water from agricultural lands. It is found mostly in coastal plains with an area of 42.32 sq. km.

Reservoir/Tanks-Permanent

The reservoir is an artificial lake created by the construction of a dam across the river specifically for hydel power generation, irrigation, and water supply for domestic/ industrial needs, flood control, either singly or in combination. Tanks are small lakes of impounded waterways constructed on land surface for irrigation. They are associated with croplands, low lands and reservoirs surrounded by hills without vegetation. This includes all reservoirs/tanks with water spread seen at least during one season in a year is considered under the permanent category. This category occupies an area of 42.32 sq. km.

Reservoir/Tanks-Seasonal


2

DMG, GoAP

32

Dry reservoirs/tanks are those, which do not have water spread throughout the year are considered seasonal. It is found that many of the tanks under seasonal category with an area of 122.43 sq. km.

2.2 Slope Map of the District

The concept of measuring slope from a topographic map is a familiar one for most professionals in the natural resources and landscape planning / management and surveying professions. Slope is a measurement of how steep the ground surface is. Steeper the ground surface is, the greater the slope. Slope is measured by calculating the tangent of the surface. The tangent is calculated by dividing the vertical change in elevation by the horizontal distance. Slope is normally expressed in planning as a percent slope which is the tangent (slope) multiplied by 100. Percent Slope = Height / Base * 100 Reliable estimation of the stability of slopes and foundations is very demanding because it is important for terrain analysis to understand the natural process in the disciplines of topography, geology, soils, hydro-geology, infrastructure planning, hazard management both at surface and subsurface. In view of this, slope plays an important role while doing decentralized planning at grassroots level. Traditionally information of contours from 1:50,000 or 1:25,000 topographic maps are used for preparation of slope by manual procedure based contour value difference for unit horizontal distance. The emergence of remote sensing & GIS systems and the availability of topographic data in DEM or TIN formats, slope maps can be generated using image processing and GIS methods. Representation of slope in percentage is understandable rationale for the resource mapping and planning. Slope information is one of the GIS layers that play an important role in natural resources and district planning process. It is proposed to


2

DMG, GoAP

33

generate the necessary slope layer from the available digital topographic data such as Carto DEM and open source Digital Elevation Model data (NRSC, 2009).

From Fig. 9, it is observed that majority of the District is covered with level to nearly level slope. Moderately sloping areas are observed in parts of Gampalagudem, A.Konduru, G. Konduru,Veerullapadu, Kanchikacherla, Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada (Rural) and Agiripalli mandals. Very gently sloping to gentle sloping categories are found in parts of Chatrai, Musunuru, Nuzvid and Reddigudem mandals.

Fig. 9. General Slope of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh


2

DMG, GoAP

34

Slope data generated from DEM using GIS techniques produces triangular nature slope polygon. To generate meaningful slope layer, it is suggested to aggregate slope polygons by using manual procedures. However, the slope generated from GIS analysis can be used directly for any decision-making planning purpose. The accuracy of the slope is dependent on accuracy of the DEM used for slope generation. The DEM should be a bare earth and should not have spikes or dips which are common in automatic DEM generation. Therefore, to use Carto DEM, conversion to bare earth DEM has to be carried out before slope layer generation. 2.3 Forest Cover Distribution The forest cover in the District based on the interpretation of IRS R2 LISS III data (2015-16) is 624.23 sq. km which is 7.25% of the total geographical area (TGA) of the District. As per the land use manual (NRSC, 2016), the forest in the District can be classified into 8 forest classes and class-wise areas are presented in Table-3. The spatial distribution of forest cover in the District is shown in Figure-10.

Table-3 Forest Cover Distribution of Krishna District

S. No Forest Category Area in sq. km. % TGA 1 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Dense 65.83 0.75 2 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Open 190.85 2.19 3 Forest Plantation 64.54 0.74 4 Scrub Forest 133.40 1.53 5 Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Dense 71.47 0.82 6 Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Open 95.76 1.10 7 Tree Clad Area-Dense 0.80 0.01 8 Tree Clad Area-Open 1.59 0.02 Total Forest 624.23 7.15


2

DMG, GoAP

35


2

DMG, GoAP

36

Fig.10 Forest cover map of Krishna District during 2015-16

3. Agricultural Resources in the District Endowed with a rich variety of soils, the district occupies an important place in agriculture which is the most important occupation and paddy is the main food crop produced. According to agricultural census 2012-13, the gross cropped area of the district was 7.01 Lakh Hects of which gross irrigated area was 3.63 lakh Hects. While 2011-12 the gross cropped area of the district was 7.26 Lakh Hects of which gross irrigated area was 3.75 lakh Ha (DES, 2015). Three types of soils, viz., 1. Black soil which constitutes 57.6% of the villages, 2. Sandy Clay-loams with 22.3%, and 3. Red loamy with 19.4% of the villages are prevalent in this District, while a small sandy soils constitute 0.7% along the fringes of the seacoast.

Remote sensing technology has been successfully used by APSAC during the last two decades in the areas of agriculture both in spatial and temporal domain under various projects. APSAC carried out in-season forecasting of acreage for major crops i.e. Kharif rice, Rabi rice, cotton, groundnut etc, at State/ District level for the last two decades in Andhra Pradesh to enable the administrators and planners to take strategic decisions on import-export policy matters and trade negotiations. Rice and Cotton are the most dominant crops in Andhra Pradesh in both Kharif and Rabi seasons. In this connection, Department of Agriculture and


2

DMG, GoAP

37

Directorate of Economics & Statistics are generating data on conventional methods for estimation of crop area and production. In this regard, satellite remote sensing plays a pivotal role with limited field visits for timely estimation and monitoring the crops. 3.1 Crop Acreage Estimation The major crops cultivated in the Krishna district are paddy, sugarcane, maize, cotton, chillies and pulses. Other crops such as banana, turmeric and mango are also cultivated in some of the mandals. In addition to Kharif rice, Cotton, Rabi Rice is also estimated using optical remote sensing and Microwave data in Krishna District. a b c

Fig.11 . (a) Ground truth data overlaid on multi-temporal RGB image, (b) Rice cropped

area and (c) Transplantation date-wise rice cropped area over Krishna District.

3.2 Kharif Rice Estimation Andhra Pradesh Space Applications Centre (APSAC) has carried out Kharif rice crop acreage estimation over Krishna district using Microwave Remote Sensing


2

DMG, GoAP

38

(Sentinel-1A) data under FASAL project. Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) VV polarization data (Spatial Resolution 20m) is used for the analysis. The rice acreage using sentinel-1 microwave remote sensing data for Krishna district was estimated as 1, 99,142 Ha.


2

DMG, GoAP

39

Classified Imagery of Cotton of Krishna District

Fig.12. Distribution of Cotton in Krishna District- Kharif 2017


2

DMG, GoAP

40

Fig.13 Rabi rice Acreage Estimation in Krishna District (1,64,758 ha) Year-2016-17 3.3.Soil Resources of Krishna District:

The predominant soils in Krishna District are Loamy to clayey Skeltal deep redish brown soils, deep Black clayey soil, Clayey to Gravelly clayey moderately deep dark brown soils. Moderately deep calcareous black soils are covered in

mandals namely Bapulapadu, Pedana, Kankipadu, Ungutur, Penamalur, and some portion is occupied in Mopidevi and Nagayalanka. Shallow gravelly Red soils are covered in mandals like Veerulapadu and Agirepalle, Very small portion is covered with very dark brown moderately deep wet silty soils occupied in near coastal region.


2

DMG, GoAP

41

Fig:14.Soil Resources Map of Krishna District

3.4. Salt Affected Soil & Water logging Map of Krishna District The Salt affected soils occupied in the District are Saline sodic slight 8155 Ha, 0.93 % area of the total geographical area, Saline sodic moderate 1214 Ha, 0.14 % of the total geographical area, sodic slight 537 Ha, 0.7 % area covered in mandals namely Vastavai, Penaganchiprolu, Nandigama and Gampalagudem of Krishna District.


2

DMG, GoAP

42

Figure:15.Salt Affected Soil & Water logging Map of Krishna District

3.5. Horticulture: Krishna District has the biggest mango market in the region. Many other horticulture crops are grown in sizeable numbers. More number of farmers will take to these crops if the benefits under the National Horticulture Mission are extended to them. As a result, thousands of farmers growing mango, banana, turmeric and other crops will not have the opportunity of enjoying various benefits like accessing latest techniques to increase productivity. Under the national mission, the Central Government has promised to release funds to the State over the next three years to focus on areas for increasing


2

DMG, GoAP

43

productivity and promoting post-harvest treatment of fruits. Besides these, the project will open new areas for promoting research and development activities in the field. The scheme gives greater thrust to cultivation of banana and mango, which are cultivated in large tracts in the Krishna District. It also envisages development of export zones for specific crops. Besides, the lands in several surrounding villages of Yanamalakuduru, Kanuru, Tadigadapa, Poranki, Penamaluru, Madduru, Vanukuru, Kankipadu, Valluripalem and Thotlavalluru are also suitable for vegetable cultivation. The farming community used to cultivate vegetables and supply vegetables to Vijayawada

city. But now, all the villages are transforming into towns with rapid urbanisation. Area statistics in hactares and production in metric tonnes of six types of horticultural species/ categories are collected for Krishna District from the Department of Horticulture, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for 2017-2018. They are fresh fruits, vegetables, plantations, spices, flowers, and medicinal & aromatic plants and the information is presented in Tables 4 -9. In each Table, the break-up of each horticultural variety is given in terms of aerial extent (ha) and production (MT).

Table:4 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Fresh Fruits with Production (MT) in Krishna District(2017-18)

Sl.No

Name of the Fresh Fruit Statistics

1 Amla Area 16 Production 320

2 Banana Area 1583 Production 87065 3 Ber Area 11


2

DMG, GoAP

44

Production 204

3 Lemon (Lime & Other Citrus Fruits) Area

804 Production 12864 4 Orange & Batavia Area 0 Production 0 5 Custered Apple Area 0 Production 0 6 Grapes Area 0 Production 0 7 Guava Area 2273 Production 90326 8 Jack Fruit Area 0 Production 0 9 Mango Area 58549 Production 819683

10 Papaya Area 88 Production 8668

11 Pineapple Area 0 Production 0

12 Pomegranate Area 0 Production 0

13 Sapota Area 648 Production 8819

14 Muskmelon Area 0 Production 0

15 Watermelon Area 0 Production 0

16 Other Fruits Area 20 Production 520


2

DMG, GoAP

45

Total Fresh Fruits Area 63991.785 Production 1028468.77

From the Table-4, it is observed that there are eight types of fresh fruits available in Krishna District. The total aerial extent of fresh fruits cultivated in Krishna District is 63991 ha with a production of 1028468 metric tonnes. Among all the fresh fruit varieties, Mango has the maximum aerial extent of 58549 ha with a production of 819683 MT followed by Guava with an aerial extent of 2273 ha with a production of 90326 MT.

Table:5. Aerial Extent (Ha) of Vegetables with Production (MT) in Krishna District(2017-18)

Sl.No Name of the Vegetables Statistics 1 Beans Area 150 Production 2355 2 Bitter Guard Area 337 Production 6066 3 Bottle Gourd Area 135 Production 2835 4 Brinjal Area 935 Production 27770 5 Cabbage & Knol-Khol Area 138 Production 2622 6 Capsicum Area 0 Production 0 7 Carrot Area 0 Production 0 8 Cauliflower Area 348 Production 5220


2

DMG, GoAP

46

9 Cucumber Area 583 Production 14575

10 Chillies Green Area 574 Production 16072

11 Garlic Area 0 Production 0

12 Elephant Foot Yam Area 778 Production 4668

13 Bhendi Area 724 Production 12308

14 Onion Area 31 Production 775

15 Parwal / Ponted Gourd Area 0 Production 0

16 Peas Area 0 Production 0

17 Potato Area 0 Production 0

18 Radish Area 0 Production 0

19 Pumpkin Area 189 Production 3969

20 Sweet Potato Area 30 Production 600

21 Tapioca Area 0 Production 0

22 Tomato Area 728 Production 32760

23 Other Vegetables Area 2243 Production 53832


2

DMG, GoAP

47

Total Vegetables Area 7923 Production 186426.5

From the Table-5, it is observed that there are fifteen types of vegetables available in Krishna District. The total aerial extent of vegetables cultivated in Krishna District is 7923 ha with a production of 186426 metric tonnes. Among all the vegetables varieties, other vegetables have the maximum aerial extent of 2243 ha with a production of 53832 MT followed by Brinjal with an aerial extent of 935 ha with a production of 27770 MT.

Table:6 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Plantation with Production (MT) in Krishna District(2017-18)

Sl.No Name of The Plantation Statistics 1 Arecanut Area 0 Production 0 2 Cashew Area 148 Production 161 3 Cocoa Area 873 Production 737 4 Coconut Area 2945 Production 416 5 Oilpalm Area 16521 Production 313899 6 Coffee Area 0 Production 0 Total Plantations Area 20487 Production 314797.4812


2

DMG, GoAP

48

From the Table-6, it is observed that there are four types of plantations available in Krishna District. The total aerial extent of plantations cultivated in Krishna District is 20487 ha with a production of 314797 metric tonnes. Among all the plantation varieties, Oilpalm has the maximum aerial extent of 16521 ha with a production of 313899 MT followed by Cocoa with an aerial extent of 873 ha with a production of 737 MT.

Table: 7. Aerial Extent (Ha) of Spices with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-18)

Sl.No Name of the Spices Statistics 1 Ajwan Area 0 Production 0 2 Betelvine Area 0 Production 0 3 Pepper Area 0 Production 0 4 Chillies (Dried) Area 12769 Production 81395.05 5 Coriander Area 0 Production 0 6 Ginger Area 66 Production 594 7 Tamarind Area 0 Production 0 8 Turmeric Area 3163 Production 32793 9 Others Spices Area 0 Production 0 Total (Spices) Area 15998 Production 114782.05


2

DMG, GoAP

49

From the Table-7, it is observed that there are three types of spices available in Krishna District. The total aerial extent of spices cultivated in Krishna District is 15998 ha with a production of 114782 metric tonnes. Among all the spices varieties, Chillies (dried) has the maximum aerial extent of 12769 ha with a production of 81395 MT followed by Turmeric with an aerial extent of 3163 ha with a production of 32793 MT.

Table:8. Aerial Extent (Ha) of Flowers with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-18)

SI.No

Name of the Flowers Statistics

1 Chrysanthemum Area 8 Production 160 2 Jasmine Area 416 Production 2621 3 Marigold Area 51 Production 561

4 Rose (Lakhs. Of Flowers) Area 4

Production 24 5 Tuberose Area 16 Production 192 6 Crossandra Area 5 Production 17 7 Other Flowers Area 0 Production 0 8 Total Flowers Area 500 Production 3550.3


2

DMG, GoAP

50

From the Table-8, it is observed that there are six types of flowers available in Krishna District. The total aerial extent of flowers cultivated in Krishna District is 500 ha with a production of 3550 metric tonnes. Among all the flower varieties, Jasmine has the maximum aerial extent of 416 ha with a production of 2621 MT followed by Marigold with an aerial extent of 51 ha with a production of 561 MT.

Table: 9 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants with Production (MT) in Krishna District (2017-18)

SI.No

Name of The Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Statistics

1 Cholorophytum Area 0 Production 0 2 Palma Rosa Area 0 Production 0 3 Annota Area 0 Production 0 4 Lemon Grass Area 0 Production 0 5 Coleus Area 0 Production 0 6 Ashwagandha Area 0 Production 0 7 Citronella Area 0 Production 0 8 Other Medicinal Plants Area 25 Production 1.25 Total Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Area 25

Production 1.25


2

DMG, GoAP

51

From the Table-9, it is observed that there is only one type of Medicinal and Aromatic plant available in Krishna District. The total aerial extent of Medicinal and Aromatic plants cultivated in Krishna District is 25 ha with a production of 1.25 metric tonne.


2

DMG, GoAP

52

4.Coastal Resources and Aqua Culture of Krishna District 4.1 Shoreline Status of Krishna District

The shoreline change estimation was carried out for the entire Krishna coast which is about 122.04 km in length. In this study, shorelines were extracted from satellite images for 1989, 1999, 2005, 2010 and 2012 by visual interpretation.

As a result of the analyses, the most significant changes were observed at Krishna coast. Summary statistics for the rate of change is given in Table 10. The analysis discovered that about 40.51% of the coastlines were under accretion, whereas remaining 51.25% region was experiencing varying erosion and 8.24% of the coast has stable form. While the north side Gollavani Kaluva area is noticed with high accretion and north side of Krishna river area & Southside of Gollavani Kaluva has most erosion area found. In that Krishna coast had severe erosion in last few decades, most of this coast erosion and half of the coast eroded due to severe wave action and orientation of the coast.

Table:10. Shoreline Characteristics and Statistics for Krishna Coast

Classification of Coast Extent (km) Percentage

of Coast (%) Cumulative (%)

High Erosion 42.27 34.64 51.25 Medium Erosion 12.02 9.85

Low Erosion 8.25 6.76 High Accretion 24.07 19.72

40.51 Medium Accretion 16.24 13.31 Low Accretion 9.13 7.48 Stable Coast 10.06 8.24 8.24 Length of coastline 122.04


2

DMG, GoAP

53

Fig:16. Shoreline Change Erosion/ Accretion of Krishna District


2

DMG, GoAP

54

4.2 Aquaculture in Krishna District Using high resolution satellite data coupled with ground survey existing aquaculture sites, potential areas for aquaculture development and abandoned aquaculture regions are mapped in all coastal Districts of Andhra Pradesh and mandal-wise/ village-wise area statistics are calculated.

Fig. 17 Area of Aquaculture Distribution in Krishna District


2

DMG, GoAP

55

Table-11. Mandal-wise Aquaculture in Krishna District (Area in Hectares)

S. No

Name of the Mandal

Aquaculture (Existing)

Dry/Abandoned/ Potential

Total

1 Avanigadda 27 52 79

2 Bantumilli 3450 156 3606

3 Bapulapadu 997 28 1025

4 Challapalle 59 0 59

7 Ghantasala 36 0 36

9 Gudivada 698 0 698

10 Gudlavalleru 151 0 151

11 Kaikalur 7077 5262 12339

12 Kalidindi 11442 1424 12866

13 Koduru13 2162 2773 4934

15 Kruthivennu 5277 1752 7030

16 Machilipatnam 4358 6049 10407

17 Mandavalli 8529 2400 10929

18 Mopidevi 111 38 148

19 Mudinepalle 4080 131 4211

20 Nagayalanka 2286 2458 4744

21 Nandivada 8150 377 8527

22 Nandiwada 291 22 313

23 Pedana 636 150 786

25 Pedaparupudi 284 9 293

27 Unguturu 13 0 13 Total 60226 23085 83311

Krishna District accounts for approximately 37 percent of the total aqua farm area of Andhra Pradesh (Fig.17). Many paddy cultivators have shifted to shrimp culture,


2

DMG, GoAP

56

attracted by the tremendous difference in profitability. Apart from this, in Krishna District where water salinity is a problem, many agriculturists shifted to aquaculture, because farmers at the tail end of the irrigation canals had little access to fresh water, and are forced to use saline water. In this situation, shrimp culture stands as a promising option. The profits made in the first year are used to buy or lease more land for the second season, which lead the aqua farms to increase manifold. Mandal-wise distribution of existing aquaculture and dry/abandoned/potential areas is given in the Table-1. High resolution satellite remote sensing based aquaculture mapping in Krishna District shows that the existing aquaculture area is 60,226 ha and dry/abandoned/potential for aquaculture development is 23,085 ha (APSAC, 2017b).


2

DMG, GoAP

57

5. Water and Irrigation Resources of Krishna District

5.1.Surface Water Resources of Krishna District 5.1.1.Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Krishna District Irrigation has assumed an increasing significance in agriculture in the context of new technology, where high yielding varieties and multiple cropping are being practiced. The main reasons for low yields are inadequate rainfall, uneven and uncertain rains during the period of crop growth. It is generally found that the introduction of irrigation is associated with changes in the cropping pattern. The shift from traditional cropping pattern to the most advantageous cropping pattern is possible only in the presence of irrigation facilities. The new agricultural technology is highly based on sufficient moisture conditions. Thus, the development of irrigation is crucial for increasing agricultural production. The irrigation projects are classified as major, medium and minor irrigation projects. 5.1.2 Major Irrigation Project The major irrigation projects covering Krishna district are Krishna Eastern Delta (Prakasam Barriage) and Nagarjuna sagar Project. In Krishna eastern delta an extant of 679,000 acres and in Nagarjuna Sagar Project an extant of 329,304 acres are covered and they fall under eighteen assembly constituencies. The mandals covered are Avanigada, Gangavaram, Gudivada, Kaikalur, Machilipatnam, Pamarru, Pedana, Penamaluru, Vijayawada East, Vijayawada West and Vijayawada Central. The overall coverage under major irrigation project is 1,008,304 acres. The major ongoing irrigation project is Indira Sagar project right main canal. Under this ongoing project about 63,000 acres are covered that fall


2

DMG, GoAP

58

under five assembly constituencies. The mandals covered are Gangavaram, Mylavaram, Nuzvid, Vijayawada central and Vijayawada west. 5.1.3 Medium Irrigation Project The Medium Irrigation projects are Muniyeru Project and Tammileru Project. These medium irrigation projects fall under three assembly segments with an ayacut of 21,350 acres. The assembly segments covered are Jaggiahpeta, Nandigama and Nuzvid.

Fig. 18 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects of Krishna District


2

DMG, GoAP

59

5.1.4 Tank Information System

Andhra Pradesh Space Applications Centre developed a Web Portal GIS for Tank Information System (TIS) in Andhra Pradesh. In the said web portal, minor irrigation tanks are classified as more than 40 ha, 10 to 40 ha and less than 10 ha command. Information regarding nearly 15,000 tanks in Andhra Pradesh has been published in APSAC website and information pertaining to 555 tanks existing in Krishna district has so far been published in the website. In that, all tanks are of 10 to 40 ha category. The tank-wise information presented with location details, hydrological details and other standard information related to the tank. The following details are shown in website.


2

DMG, GoAP

60

Table12 and Table 13 show the details of major rivers flow in Krishna District, the area drained, Percentage of the total geographical area of the District, length of the rivers in the district, place of origin and altitude. Table-12.Drainage System with Description of main rivers

S.No Name of the River Area Drained (Sq.KM) % of Area Drained in

the District

1 Krishna 7840.23 89.75

2 Budameru 456.7 5.25

3 Tammileru 437 5.0

Table-13.Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams

S.No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in

the District (in

Kms)

Place of Origin Altitude at

Origin

1 Krishna 194 Mahabaleswar,

Maharastra 1353 m

2 Budameru 22.72 Pulluru, Krishna

district, A.P 150 m

3 Tammileru 50.74 Chinthalapudi

Krishna district,

A.P.

160 m

5.2.Ground Water Prospects of Krishna District 5.2.1.Geology of Krishna District Krishna district is underlain by a variety of geological formations comprising from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium (Fig.19). Hydrogeologically, these formations are classified as consolidated (Hard), semi-consolidated (Soft) and unconsolidated (Soft) formations. The consolidated formations include crystallines (Khondalites, Charnockites and granitic gneisses) and meta sediments (Dolomites, shales, phyllites and quartzites) of Archaean and Pre-cambrian periods


2

DMG, GoAP

61

respectively. The semi consolidated formations are represented by Tertiary formations (Rajahmundry & Gollapalli sandstones) and unconsolidated formations comprise deltaic alluvial deposits of Quaternary period (CGWB, 2013). Consolidated formations occur in the northern part of the District. Among consolidated formations occurrence of meta sediments is restricted to NW part of the District i.e., in parts of Jaggayyapeta, Penuganchiprolu, Nandigama and Chandralapadu mandals. Semi-consolidated formations occur in the north-eastern part of the District and its extension is limited to small area i.e., in parts of Musunuru, Nuzividu, Bapulapadu and Gannavaram mandals. Unconsolidated formations occur in the southern part of the District i.e., in the delta area. The Geological Survey of India (GSI, 2000) gave a detailed account of the geology/lithology of the District with a map on 1: 2,50,000 scale (Fig.21) and an elaborate legend with stratigraphic sequence (Fig.20). The description given by GSI is as follows. The Eastern Ghats Super Group comprising Khondalite and Chamockite Groups is exposed in the central part of the upland area. They consist of quartz, K-feldspar, garnet, sillimanite, graphite, with or without corundum. In the north eastern part, a number of calc granulite and quartzite bands are present, within Khondalite. Acid and intermediate varieties of charnockite with patches of pyroxene granulite metagabbro (north of Krishna River in the Kondapalli hill ranges) and minor magnetite-hypersthene-quartz granulite extend SW of Kondavidu hill ranges. Layered igneous rocks comprising anorthosite, gabbroic noritic anorthisite, leuco gabbro noritic gabbro and pyroxenite, associated with chromite ore occur as feeble bands within chamockites (GSI, 2000).


2

DMG, GoAP

62

The rocks of the Peninsular Gneissic Complex are mostly in the form of migmatized gneisses with enclaves of older metamorphic rocks, such as amphibolite, pyroxene granulite and actinolite schist. The grey granite gneiss, which is mostly confined to the western part, is always well banded, the bands being alternately light and dark in colour. The gneissic rocks are intruded by dykes of dolerite, pegmatite and aplite. The rocks of Archaean age are overlain by Proterozoic cover sequences of Cuddapah Super Group and Kurnool Group. The contact between the older crystallines and the younger sediments is marked by a pronounced unconformity known as the Eparchaean Unconformity. The Cuddapah Super Group is represented in the area by Cumbum Formation (Shale, phyllite, dolomite, limestone, quartzite). The Kurnool Group comprises Banganapalle Conglomerate Quartzite and Narji Limestone. Micaceous quartzite of Mulug Group of Pakhal Super Group occurs as discontinuous outcrops east of Nandigama. The Pakhal Super Group is considered to be the time-equivalent of Cuddapah Super Group. Rocks of Upper Gondwana Group of the Gondwana Super Group, comprising Tirupathi Sandstone, Gollapalle, Chintalapudi Sandstone and Kamthi Sandstone are exposed north, northwest and east of Nuzvid. These rocks trend NE-SW with 20° dip towards SE. Unconformably overlying the Gondwana rocks is a small patch of Rajahmundry Sandstone, occurring NE of Nuzvid. The sandstone is brick red in colour and contains nodules of clay. The Krishna River built up its delta, south of Vijayawada. It flows southwards up to Avanigadda, where it bifurcates into two channels, the main channel continues to flow southwards up to its confluence with the sea near Nagayalanka and the branch at Avanigadda flows eastwards up to its confluence with the sea near Hamsaldeevi.


2

DMG, GoAP

63

Fig.19 Geology of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh (Source: GSI, 2000)


2

DMG, GoAP

64

Fig.20 Detailed Legend with Stratigraphic Sequence of Krishna District


2

DMG, GoAP

65

5.2.2. Mineral Resources of Krishna District As per literature (GSI, 2000), the following minerals are available in Krishna District. Diamond: Ancient workings for diamond in the gravel beds of Krishna River are seen near Paritala, Mogaluru, Buttalapadu, Alkur, Kondavatikallu. Between the years 1890 and 1894, the Hyderabad Deccan Company carried out prospecting of these deposits and recovered nearly 2,500 diamonds. In recent years, the gravel occurrences near Kanchikacherla, Chadralapadu, Malavalli, Ustapalli were prospected by G.S.I and a few diamonds recovered. Uses of Diamonds Diamond is very popularly known for being used as a gem in jewellery but other than this basic use of diamond, there are many other uses of this valuable stone. Diamonds are being used in many industries as well for various operations. Along with being used in the industry, diamonds are also used for some basic general uses. Diamond membranes are durable, resistant to heat and transparent, making them highly useful. Because diamonds are so hard and durable, they are ideal for grinding, cutting, drilling and polishing. When used as an abrasive, very small pieces of diamond are embedded into grinding wheels, saw blades, or drill bits. Small pieces of diamonds are used for cutting glasses. The small portions of diamonds are also used for drilling the rocks. The hardness of the diamond is the main reason why diamonds are preferred for doing such cutting and drilling activities. No matter if a diamond is used in the solid form or in the form of dust, diamond holds a number of uses. The dust of the diamond can be used for polishing other diamonds and precious stones. The dust of the diamond gives an enhanced shine in the other stones. The diamond dyes are used for the process of making the wires using the lab equipment. Diamonds can be used for engraving stones to various other metals. The various stones that can be engraved are granite, quartz, etc. The workers feel no need for the replacement of engraving bit as the diamond does not break, scratch or damage any of the stones. Since


2

DMG, GoAP

66

diamonds possess a high level of thermal conductivity, diamonds can be used in various electronic applications to prevent the delicate parts from getting damaged from the heat rays of the Sun. The diamonds are used as heat sinks in such electronic applications for repealing away the heat of the Sun. In the process of lapping, diamond slurry is used. The diamond slurry is made by mixing water with a mixture that contains small pieces of diamonds. This diamond slurry is then applied between the two surfaced that needs to be lapped and rubbed for getting results. Diamonds are often used as antidotes in various places for poisons or diseases. Diamonds have a high thermal conductivity that means they are very good heat conductors and diamonds are used as a good tool for heat sinks. The researchers chose nano diamonds because they reflect light and they are compatible with human cells. Using the diamonds’ reflective properties, the researchers are able to monitor the cellular processes that occurred once patients are given cancer medication. Because diamonds have such a unique relationship with light, medical researchers have also looked into using them to help the visually impaired. Researchers have been testing diamonds as a potential material for bionic eyes and eye implants for the blind. Sulphur: Native sulphur occurs near Kana over an area of 10 to 15 hectares, down to a depth of 6 m. Sulphur is impregnated as tiny grains over clayey soil, the concentration of which increases gradually from the surface downward, the maximum being at a depth of 0.5 m. Bacterial activity is considered to be the cause for the precipitation of sulphur. Barytes: Barytes in small quantities is found near Vemulanarva. Mica: Old workings o f mica area a r e seen near Jammalavoidurgam, Gasavidu and Lakshmipuram of Tiruvuru taluk.


2

DMG, GoAP

67

In view of the present demand for chromite for Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, it may be worthwhile to carry out detailed exploration to assess the grade and reserves. As regards diamonds, detailed exploration of diamondiferrous gravels of Paritala and other areas is taken up by Geological Survey of India to assess the potentiality of the deposits. Most of the iron ore from Jaggayapeta area has already been mined and exported and the mining industry was closed down (DES, 2015). Limestone Occurrence: Limestone occurs only in Jaggayyapet mandal of Krishna District. The litho unit Limestone is generally associated in the area with Shale Quartzites and Phyllites of the Palnad Basin. The Narji Limestone formation of Palnad Sub-basin is of economic value. The area is occupied by the flaggy outcrops of Narji Limestone with localized patches of brown soil, lateritic gravel and intercalations of shale. Based on the shale content, the limestone is divided into high grade, low grade and shally limestone of which high and low grade are potential for cement manufacturing. As such the cement plants are established in the mandal Jaggaiahpet. The Limestone is dark gray in colour, fine grained and massive. Honey comb and elephant-skin patterns are in the weathered surface of limestone due to differential weathering exhibiting conchoidal fracture. The reports on the area inferred that the limestone is cement grade basing on the silica content and chemical characteristics. The mineral limestone occurs exclusively in the villages viz. Jayanthipuram, Ravirala, Budavada, Vedadri, Muktyala and R.F of the Jaggayyapeta mandal. There are 13 existing mining leases in the area. They are consuming the mineral for their own cement plants. In the district, there are five cement plants established basing on the immense limestone potential of the area. These units/plants are contributing not only


2

DMG, GoAP

68

revenue to the exchequer but also providing employment directly or indirectly. A Government Enterprise, M/s. Rastriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) is also having a mining lease and using the limestone as flux in its steel plant at Visakhapatnam blending with the Dolomite etc., available in their captive mines elsewhere in the State as well as other States. Uses: It is widely used as a raw material for Cement Industry and as a flux in Steel Industry also. Iron-Ore Occurrence: It occurs as float ore in the form of pebbles and granules in the surface of the fields. The ore mineral in the area is hematite. The deposit appears as fluvial origin. It is learnt that in yester years owing to the demand of the Iron the ore pebbles were collected manually from the fields and dispatched. As such 4-mining leases in patta lands have been obtained in Gandrai village of Jaggaiahpet mandal. However, presently only one lease in the pattaland is in working and rest of 3-mining leases are non-working. Uses: It is used as a raw material for Steel, Iron industry and Ferro Alloys. Quartz Occurrence: Geologically the occurrence of Quartz in the district as intrusive belongs to Peninsular Gneissic Complex of Archaean Age. The vein deposit of the quartz in the district is observed in association with two litho units viz. (1) Quartz vein with Feldspar as Hanging wall and (2) quartz vein with muscovite schist. The quartz body is generally covered by the soil and Feldspar in the lower altitudes i.e. on either side of the Quartz vein. The Quartz is massive, glassy in nature. It is colourless to translucent. General strike of the Quartz vein is NW-SE. Feldspar occurs as a hanging wall over the exposed Quartz Bodies. Quartz mineral precisely occurs in 5 Mandals viz,(1) Kambhampadu, Vallampatla of A. Konduru Mandal, (2) Anumolullanka, Chinnavaram of Gampalagudem Mandal, (3) Laxmipuram, Ganugapadu of Tiruvuru Mandal, (4) Kudapa of


2

DMG, GoAP

69

Reddigudem Mandal and (5) Vemireddipalli of Vissannapeta Mandal and at present 9 quarry leases are existing covering an extent of 25.600 Ha in the District. Quartz mineral in Quarry lease area of Sri N.V. Vatsavardhan Quartz is with muscovite schist. Uses: The available Quartz mineral in the district is semi glass quartz and milky quartz variety and used in Ceramic-tile manufacturing industry. Fine powder of the Quartz is widely used in the paint industry and glass industry. Chromite Occurrence: Chromite occurs here as small impersistent irregular lenses and disseminations within steeply dipping pyroxenites. From the traces of the ore body noticed on the walls of two old pits, it appears that chromite is in very small proportion in the pyroxenite. The pyroxenite bodies themselves are small, further it is found that most of the chromite here is of poor quality. It also reported that the pits in the locality have reached a depth of about 5 to 15 m. Three types of chromite, viz, hard, soft and detrital ores occur in the area. The hard ore is a well-cemented, massive and dense chromite ore with or without pyroxenes and occurs as lenses, bands, veins and pockets. The disseminated ores rarely give rise to such hard ores near the surface. Thin veinlets of pyroxenite are commonly seen in the hard ore. Disseminations of chromite within the pyroxenite give rise to soft ore on weathering. The pyroxenes are easily broken down by percolating waters thus releasing the cementing bond between the pyroxenes and the chromite grains. This soft ore is a granular mixture of weathered pyroxenes and chromite. The detrital ore is a dark brown, hard and dense float ore. Limonite occurs as coatings on the chromite grains and also occupies the interstitial space in between. The detrital ore occurs as small boulders along the flanks of the hill and nalas


2

DMG, GoAP

70

At present, no mining leases are existing for Chromite in Krishna district. There are abandoned Chromite quarries and trial pits at nine localities in the Kondapalli area which are prospected by the Geological Survey of India. In all these localities, except at Gangadevi Gutta, the chromite occurs as lenses, bands, pockets and disseminations in steeply dipping and pitching lenticular bodies (sheets) of pyroxenite. At Gangadevi Gutta, thin chromite veinlets are seen on the walls of the chromite quarry occurring within intermediate charnockites, but here also the main chromite deposit is probably confined to the pyroxenite body with minor veinlets injected into the charnockitic wall rock. Uses: The Chromite ores in both the areas are generally of poor quality; and even those ores containing high Cr2O3 content generally show high iron content, thus making then unsuitable for metallurgical purposes. These ores are, however, fit for use in the chemical industry. Oil & Natural Gas Occurrence: Crude Oil & Natural Gas occurs in West Godavari Sub Basin, the Early Cretaceous and older sequences are known hydrocarbon habitants. Major tectonic elements are present in and around Kaza Horst, Kaikalur-Lingala Horst, and SW plunge of Bantumilli- Bhimavaram high, Gudivada and Bantumilli grabens. The Bantumilli high rising towards NE takes a NW swing at Suryaraopeta, Mahadevapatnam area. The NW flank of the Bantumilli high is gentler as compared to the SE flank towards Lakshmipuram. Similarly, the Kaikalur high has steeper SE flanks as compared to gentler NW flanks where Kaikalur-Lingala fields are located. The SE faults extend from basement to Basalt levels suggesting continued tectonic activity till Paleocene. This has brought out typical half graben geometry to Bantumilli graben, filled with coarser to finer clastic rocks of fluvial to marginal marine environment over Archean basement. End of rift fill is marked by Aptian- Albian sedimentation of High Gamma High resistivity shale unit. This HG-HR sequence of Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) age is bounded by regional unconformities/ nonconformities at top and bottom and overlies the rift fill.


2

DMG, GoAP

71

The basin tilts towards SE which resulted in open marine conditions. This argillaceous Raghavapuram litho unit is overlain by Tirupathi sandstone prograding towards SE and grade into prodelta/deep marine Chintalapalli shales beyond Marsyapuri- Palakollu fault. The structural readjustment appears to have taken place during post igneous activity (Razole trap) times. The Matsyapuri Palakollu faulting influenced the structural readjustment in this part of the basin resulting in the formation of gentler terrace features over the NW parts of the Major highs. M/s. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited has obtained Petroleum Mining Lease (PML) permissions for Oil and Natural Gas in Krishna District as detailed below Table:14 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

Sl.

No Name of PML

Area (Sq.

Km)

Area falling under

PML

1 Kaikaluru-3 9.0 Kaikaluru

2 Vadali 4.0 Vadali

3 Lingala extn &Kaikaluru 37.6 Lingala

4 Bantumilli Extn 155.67 Bantumilli

5 West Godavari 1278.32 Lakshmi

narasimhapuram

6 Malleswaram 241.18 Malleswaram

7 Block KG-ONN-2003-1 54.66 Nagayalanka

8 Suryaraopeta 56.00 Suryaraopeta block

(Source: DMG Krishna District) Uses: Nearly all pesticides and many fertilizers are made from oil or oil byproducts. Gas provides electricity and is also used for cooking. It can also be used in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a transportation fuel for vehicles. Granite Occurrence: The rock (Granite) useful for cutting and polishing occurs only in the western part of the district. Geologically the area comprises Granitic gneissic of Archaean age.


2

DMG, GoAP

72

The general litho units are Feldspar granites, Gneissic granodiorite-quartz diorite and migmatites. Dolerite dykes exposed as small mounds and may be intrusive in to the country rock granite and granitic gneiss. The rock is black coloured, medium to fine grained equi-qranular in texture. In certain pockets white crystals of plagioclase embedded in black matrix. Petrographically, the dolerite consists of plagioclase feldspar and augite with accessory minerals biotite and other ferro-magnesium minerals. The granite deposit areas are located at Anumanchipalli, Ramchandrunipet & Tekkalapadu villages of Jaggaiahpeta mandal, Doddadevarapadu & Narasimharaopalem villages of Veerulapadu mandal and Makkapet village of Vatsavai mandal. As per office records, there are 20 quarry leases existing in the district. However, 10 are non-working due to lack of market. Among the working leases 03 are actively in operation. Further, there are no polishing units in the district, most of the extracted granite blocks are being transported to the neighboring State. Uses: These rocks are useful for cutting and polishing, and as decorative monuments. Road Metal Occurrence: Road Metal occurred in Charnockite Group of Eastern Ghats Super Group of Archaean age, where the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt is tapering to less than 20 km width and trending in NNE-SSW in the area and Charnockite zone represented mainly of Charnockite and Basic Granulite. The Charnockite in the area forms dome shaped steeply sloping hills. The rock is medium to coarse grained texture comprises greasy quartz, hypersthenes, orthoclase and plagioclase with or without Garnet. Road Metal is available precisely in 5 Mandals viz,(1) Kachavaram, Kondapalli, Jupudi of Ibrahimpatnam Mandal, (2) Loya, Kadimpothavaram, Cheruvu Madhavaram of G. Konduru Mandal, (3)Vinagadapa of Gampalagudem Mandal,(4)


2

DMG, GoAP

73

Chillakallu of Jaggaiahpeta Mandal and (5) Paritala of Kanchikacherla Mandal and at present 214 quarry leases are existing covering an extent of 498.000 Ha in the district. Most of the mineral potential area falls under Kondapalli Reserve Forest. In the district, there are about 120 crushing units established for breaking and crushing raw material to different sizes as need based. Uses: The available Charnockite rock in the district is in massive nature sustain rock strength for usage of civil works. However, consisting of predominant irregular joints it is not useful for cutting and polishing. As such these are utilizing for breaking and crushing purpose only and the derived aggregate products are being used in Civil construction works, Railway Ballast and making Railway Sleepers, etc., Gravel Occurrence: Gravel is formed due to insitu weathering of Khondalite rocks of Eastern Ghat Super Group of Archaean age. These Metamorphic rocks formed due to the effect of pressure and temperature in pre-existed sediments by resulting regional metamorphism and the general strike is NE-SW and dip to East direction. Such notable Gravel deposits are available in Vijayawada Rural, Gannavaram, Agiripalli, Bapulapadu, Nuzvid, Nandigama, Chandarlapadu, Vatsavai and Jaggaiahpeta mandals. Most of the gravel potential area falls under Reserve Forest. There are 38 quarry leases existing in the district. Uses: Gravel is used for formation of Kacha roads and filling low level areas. Sand Occurrence: The river Krishna flows through the entire Krishna district before it empties itself into Bay of Bengal near Hamsaladeevi village of Krishna district. Hence, there are huge potential sand deposits available in Krishna River.


2

DMG, GoAP

74

At present, the Government of Andhra Pradesh vide Memo No. 3066/M-II(1)/2016-3, Dt: 04.03.2016 has changed the sand policy and sand is made available to the public without charging any fee from 2nd March, 2016. Prakasam Barrage is a tail end project of the river Krishna located beside Vijayawada city, just 80 km from the sea confluence point. It is found that 71 Lakh Cubic metres of sediment deposits have been accumulated in the reservoir and 5 Reaches are under Sand reaches through De-siltation process for the quantity of 9 Lakh Cubic meters in the Krishna Reservoir area upto 13.50 Kms from Prakasam Barrage in KLF Bank of Krishna District. In upstream of the Barrage, Sand is also available in meager quantities along the banks of the 4th order streams i.e., Krishna and Munneru and 3rd order streams of Paleru, Katleru and Wyra, which drains in western part of the district. There is no huge deposit of sand exploitable. However sand excavation is permitted under APWALTA. However, the sand can be used for local needs and flagship programmes of Governmental works under Rule 23 (1)(A) under APWALTA Rules, 2004. In the downstream of the barrage, Sand reaches have been notified upto the point of CRZ and at present 8 sand reaches are notified for excavation of sand for free. 5.2.3 Geomorphology of the District Using IRS satellite data and GIS detailed geological, geomorphological and structural map of Krishna District was generated as per Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) guidelines on 1: 50,000 scale. The objective of this is to map lithology, geomorphology and structural characteristics of an area on 1:50,000 scale and to integrate the same to locate potential ground water prospect zones and to recommend suitable structures for ground water recharge. Various hydrogeomorphic units are delineated and suitable recharge structures are proposed at drinking water affected villages under this project. The description


2

DMG, GoAP

75

of geomorphic units of different origins (Fig.21) mapped in Krishna District are described as follows.

Fig.21 Geomorphology of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 5.2.4.. Landforms of fluvial origin The word fluvial is used in Earth science to refer to processes and landforms produced by running water. As with other surficial processes, running water can


2

DMG, GoAP

76

either erode material from the earth’s landscape, or deposit layers of sediment. The resulting landforms can thus be classified as either erosional landforms or depositional landforms. The incredible power of running water in carving various erosional and depositional landforms is well known. Although the quantity of water in stream is small at one time during the course of the year, very large volumes of water move through the channel and they form an important component in the hydrological cycle. The fluvial dissection of the landscape consists of valleys and their included channel ways organized into a system of connection known as a drainage network. Drainage networks display many types of quantitative regularity that are useful in analyzing both the fluvial systems and the terrains that they dissect (NRSA, 2007). Alluvial plain: A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium, usually adjacent to a river that periodically overflows its banks; it may be situated on a flood plain, a delta, or alluvial fan. This landform is predominantly seen on the southern part of the District. Palaeochannel: Deep valleys cut in the bedrock terrain and today filled largely with alluvium, glacial outwash gravels and sands or with tills. These are good source for underground water. Flood plain: The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel constructed (or in the process of being constructed) by the present river in its existing regimen and covered with water when the river overflows its banks at times of high water. It is built of alluvium carried by the river during floods and deposited in the sluggish water beyond the influence of the swiftest current.


2

DMG, GoAP

77

Delta: The low, nearly flat, alluvial tract of land deposited at or near the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan shaped plain of considerable area enclosed and crossed by many distributaries of the main river, perhaps extending beyond the general trend of the coast, and resulting from the accumulation in a wider body of water (usually a sea) of sediment supplied by a river in such quantities that it is not removed by tides, waves and currents (Fig.21). Valley fill: The unconsolidated sediment deposited by any agent so as to fill or partly fill a valley. 5.2.5. Landforms of coastal origin Coasts are also the loci of a unique assemblage of erosional and depositional processes. The various landforms of coastal areas are almost exclusively the result of the action of ocean waves. Wave action creates some of the world’s most spectacular erosional landforms. Where wave energy is reduced, depositional landforms like beaches are created. The source of energy for coastal erosion and sediment transport is wave action. A wave possesses potential energy as a result of its position above the wave trough, and kinetic energy caused by the motion of the water within the wave. This wave energy is generated by the frictional effect of winds moving over the ocean surface. Higher the wind speed and longer the fetch or distance of open water across which the wind blows and waves travel, the larger the waves and the more energy they, therefore, possess. Long open ocean waves or swells travel faster than short, locally generated sea waves. They also have longer wave periods and this is how they are distinguished from the short sea waves on reaching the coast. Long swells, which have travelled hundreds of kilometers, may have wave periods of upto 20 seconds. Smaller sea waves have wave periods of 5 to 8 seconds. Where ocean depths are greater than the length of the waves, the wave motion does not extend to the ocean floor and therefore


2

DMG, GoAP

78

remains unaffected by the floor. As the ocean depth falls below half the wavelength, the bottom increasingly affects the wave motion. As the depth of water decreases, the wave height increases rapidly and the wavelength decreases rapidly. Thus, the wave becomes more and more peaked as it approaches the shore, finally curling over as a breaker and breaking on the shore. As the wave breaks, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, providing a large amount of energy for the wave to do the work along the shoreline. Transportation by waves and currents is necessary in order to move rock particles eroded from one part of a coastline to a place of deposition elsewhere. One of the most important transport mechanisms results from wave refraction. Since waves rarely break onto a shore at right angles, the upward movement of water onto the beach (swash) occurs at an oblique angle. However, the return of water (backwash) is at right angles to the beach, resulting in the net movement of beach material laterally. This movement is known as beach drift. The endless cycle of swash and backwash and resulting beach drift can be observed on all beaches. Frequently, backwash and rip currents cannot remove water from the shore zone as fast as it is piled up there by waves. As a result, there is a build up of water that results in the lateral movement of water and sediment just offshore in a direction with the waves. The currents produced by the lateral movement of water are known as long shore currents. The movement of sediment is known as long shore drift, which is distinct from the beach drift described earlier, which operates on land at the beach. The combined movement of sediment via long shore drift and beach drift is known as littoral drift. Tidal currents along coasts can also be effective in moving eroded material. While incoming and outgoing tides produce currents in opposite directions on a daily basis, the current in one direction is usually stronger than in the other resulting in a net one-way transport of sediment. Long shore drift, long shore currents, and tidal currents in combination determine


2

DMG, GoAP

79

the net direction of sediment transport and areas of deposition. Using multi-temporal satellite data can bring out the dynamics of the coast (NRSA, 2007). Beach: A gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form (such as a cliff) or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually of the effective limit of the highest storm waves). Beach ridge: A low, essentially continuous mound of beach or beach and dune material (sand, gravel, shingle) heaped up by the action of waves and currents on the backshore of a beach beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring singly or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits. The ridges are roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent successive positions of an advancing shoreline (Fig.21). Coastal plain: A low, generally broad but sometimes narrow plain that has its margin on the shore of a large body of water (esp. the ocean) and its strata either horizontal or very gently sloping toward the water, and that generally represents a strip of recently emerged sea floor or continental shelf. Dune and Swale complex: It is a large complex of parallel wetland swales and upland beach ridges (dunes) found in coastal embayment and on large sand spits along the shorelines of the Great Lakes. The upland dune ridges are typically forested, while the low swales support a variety of herbaceous or forested wetland types, with open wetlands more common near the shoreline and forested wetlands more prevalent further from the lake.


2

DMG, GoAP

80

Tidal flat: An extensive, nearly horizontal, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the rise and fall of the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. 5.2.6. Landforms of Structural Origin Landform of structural origin is related to structural aspect of the area. Most of the landforms under this class have genesis related to underlying structure. Structure plays an important role for reducing the resistance of rock which manifests itself in different geomorphic forms. Some of the variations are minor and some are in mega scale. The mega scale forms have a dramatic effect on the genesis of landforms and hence mapping of such forms indirectly indicates the structural set up of the area. The mega scale structural features like fault and fold depending on its type plays an important role in genesis of structural landform. The influence of geologic structures on the development and appearance of landscapes is prominent. The influence of geologic structures ranges from large features, which exert a dominant influence on the form of an entire landscape, to small features, which affect an individual landform and the geomorphic processes operating on it. The structural control could be active structures whose form is directly impressed on the modern landscape or ancient structural features whose influence on a modern landscape is due primarily to differential erosion (NRSA, 2007). Dome: A general term for any dome shaped landform or rock mass, such as a smoothly rounded rock-capped mountain summit, roughly resembling the dome of a building. Structural Hills: Hills and valleys, which are originated due to tectonic process and are highly dissected by the drainage lines. This can be further classified as


2

DMG, GoAP

81

highly, moderately and low dissection depending on the density of joints and drainage. Mostly this will be interpreted from a planimetric satellite data and the classification is highly subjective. Dyke Ridge: Intrusive features that are emplaced within the pre-existing fractures or where the fluid pressure is great enough for them to form their own fracture during emplacements. They are discordant bodies. Cuesta: A hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other; specifically an asymmetric ridge with one face (dip slope) long and gentle and conforming with the dip of the resistant bed or beds that form it, and the opposite face (scarp slope) steep or even cliff-like and formed by the outcrop of the resistant rocks, the formation of the ridge being controlled by the differential erosion of the gently inclined strata. 5.2.7. Landforms of denudational origin Landform of denudational origin is formed where the denudation process dominates over the other process. Most of the landform resulting due to this process is the combined effect of mechanical and chemical weathering. Denudation is the process of removal of material by erosion and weathering. This has direct influence on the relief of the area especially in the reduction of relief to the base level. The agents are mostly water, ice and wind. The major factors affecting denudation are geology, climate, tectonics and anthropogenic effects. All rocks and minerals at or near surface are attacked by physical and chemical process. The effect of this process is not the same everywhere because of rocks’ varying resistance to change. As a result, weathering and erosion yield a number of landforms, which have typical shape and forms. Weathering is an essential part of the rock cycle. The parent material, or rock weathered material is disaggregated


2

DMG, GoAP

82

to form smaller fragments and some of the minerals are dissolved and removed by the agent of water. This removal of material is erosion and is accomplished by running water, wind, glacier, etc. The weathering provides a raw material for the sedimentary rock and soil (NRSA, 2007). Denudational Hill: It is a highly dissected hill which has obliterated the structures. Inselberg: A prominent, isolated, steep sided, usually smoothed and rounded, residual knob, hill or small mountain of circumdenudation rising abruptly from and surrounded by an extensive and nearly level, lowland erosion surface in a hot, dry region (as in the deserts of southern Africa or Arabia), generally bare and rocky although partly buried by the debris derived from and overlapping its slopes; it is characteristic of an arid or semiarid landscape in a late stage of the erosion cycle. Pediment: A broad, flat or gently sloping, rock floored erosion surface or plain of low relief, typically developed by sub aerial agents (including running water) in an arid or semiarid region at the base of an abrupt and receding mountain front or plateau escarpment, and underlain by bedrock (occasionally by older alluvial deposits) that may be bare but more often partly mantled with a discontinuous veneer of alluvium derived from the upland masses and in transit across the surface. Pediment-Inselberg Complex: The pediments dotted by numerous inselberg of small sizes, which make it difficult to distinguish from the pediments. Hence, it is called a complex of pediment and inselberg. Pediplain: An extensive, multi-concave, rock cut erosion surface formed by the coalescence of two or more adjacent pediments and occasional desert domes,


2

DMG, GoAP

83

and representing the end result (the “peneplain”) of the mature stage of the erosion cycle. Based on the thickness of weathering, they are further classified as shallow, moderate and deep pediplains (Fig.21). Residual Hill: A small remnant hill, which has witnessed all forms of denudation. 5.2.8. Structural Features of Krishna District Krishna District has consolidated formations which include crystallines (Khondalites, Charnockites and granitic gneisses) and meta sediments (Dolomites, shales, phyllites and quartzites) of Archaean and Pre-cambrian periods respectively. The Khondalite Group of rocks are seen as prominent hill ranges (strike ridges) south of Vijayawada, extending towards north and northeast. The rocks of Khondalite, Charnockite groups and the layered complex show foliation trending dominantly N-S with local swerves to NE-SW and NW-SE (GSI, 2000). The semi consolidated formations are represented by Tertiary formations (Rajahmundry & Gollapalli sandstones) and unconsolidated formations comprise deltaic alluvial deposits of Quaternary period (CGWB, 2013).


2

DMG, GoAP

84

Fig.22. Structural Map of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh

Consolidated formations occur in the northern part of the district. Among consolidated formations, occurrence of meta sediments is restricted to NW part of the district i.e., in parts of Jaggaiahpeta, Penuganchiprolu, Nandigama and Chandralapadu mandals. Semi-consolidated formations occur in the north-eastern part of the district and its extension is limited to small area i.e., in parts of Musunuru, Nuzividu, Bapulapadu and Gannavaram mandals. These consolidated rocks which are part of eastern ghat mobile belt are highly disturbed (Fig.22). The semi-consolidated rocks are also disturbed with tectonic activity. Unconsolidated formations occur in the southern part of the district i.e., in the delta area and


2

DMG, GoAP

85

lineaments cannot be deciphered due to alluvial cover. Prominent lineaments are trending in NE-SW, NW-SE and NNE-SSW direction in the District (CGWB, 2013). 5.2.9. Ground Water Prospects in the District

Fig.23 Ground Water prospects in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh


2

DMG, GoAP

86

Ground water occurs in almost all geological formations and its potential depends upon the nature of geological formations, geographical setup, incidence of rainfall, recharge and other hydrogeological characters of the aquifer. In consolidated formations, ground water occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells, dug cum bore wells and bore wells tapping weathered and fractured zones. The yields are in the range of 20 to 70 m3/day. The occurrence of fractures in the crystalline formations is limited down to 30 to 40 m bgl and occasionally extends down to 70 - 100 m bgl. The bore wells constructed in the crystalline formations generally tap the weathered and fractured zones. The yields of the bore wells generally range between 80 and 400 m3/day. The higher yields are limited to the available thickness of fractured and jointed zones. In the meta sediments, the yields are very limited and are in the range of 10 to 80 m3/day. Higher yields occur in limestone formations. Ground water in semi-consolidated formations occurs under unconfined to confined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug cum tube wells and tube wells. These formations are potential aquifers. The yields of the dug cum tube wells are in the range of 30 to 45 m3/day. Granularity of the sandstone bed is the deciding factor of the yield potential as the higher yields are recorded in the Rajahmundry sandstones tapping coarse sandstone beds. The yields of the tube wells in Gollapalli sandstones and Rajahmundry sandstones are in the range of 60 to 200 m3/day and 600 to 1500 m3/day, respectively. The deltaic area is underlain by alluvium of recent age consisting of varying proportions of clay, silt, sand and gravel. The thickness of alluvium ranges from few meters to about 600 m followed by tertiary formations. In deltaic area, ground water occurrence is controlled by landforms. In deltaic area also, a lot of heterogenity in hydrogeological conditions exist both spatially and vertically. Fresh


2

DMG, GoAP

87

water is generally limited to shallow to moderate depths only, whereas in the southern part of the delta it occurs as pockets and lenses (Fig.23). Deep aquifers are generally saline. Palaeo-channels are favourable locations for fresh water aquifers. Ground water occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and shallow tube wells. The depth of dug wells ranges from about 2 to 7 m, while the depth of filter point wells varies from 5 to 13 m and the depth of tube wells varies from 40 to 80 m. The yields generally range in this aquifer between 250 and 400 m3/day. Occasionally high yields up to 15 lps exist in the palaeo-channels. The transmissivity value of the aquifer in the semi & unconsolidated formations varies from 2.5 to 5560 m2/day. The depth to water levels during pre-monsoon season (May, 2012) in the district ranges between 2 and 10 m bgl. Water levels more than 5m bgl occur in the parts of Gannavaram, Jaggayyapet, Reddygudem, Vissannapeta and Tiruvuru mandals, whereas, water levels less than 2 m bgl occur in parts of the Kalidindi and Ibrahimpatnam mandals. The depth to water level during post monsoon season (Nov, 2012) in general is less than 2m bgl, whereas in parts of Jaggaiahpeta, Vijayawada, Musunuru water levels are more 2m bgl (CGWB, 2013). The Ground water Department established extensive network of piezometer observation wells throughout Andhra Pradesh and is monitoring the ground water levels (Fig.24).


2

DMG, GoAP

88

Fig.24 Distribution of Piezometer Observation wells in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 5.2.10. Ground Water Quality of the District Ground water samples were collected from 1250 habitations out of 1865 habitations representing for two seasons i.e., post monsoon and pre monsoon in December 2012 and June 2014 for entire District. The water samples were collected from Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department (RWS & S) and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like TDS, TH, Cl, NO3, pH, F, Fe, TA and SO4 using standard techniques in the laboratory and compared with the BIS (10500-2015), in terms of desirable, permissible and non potable classes. Blue, yellow and red colours indicate pre monsoon quality and +, - , . symbols indicate


2

DMG, GoAP

89

post monsoon quality for desirable, permissible and non-potable classes, respectively (NRSC, 2011). From the analysis, it has been observed that the ground water is polluted in pre monsoon and post monsoon. About 30% of the area is under non potable category due to high concentration of Total Dissolved solids, Fluoride and Total Hardness (APSAC, 2017b). About 60% of the area is in potable category and the remaining 10% of the area is covered in hills and water bodies of the entire District (Fig.25). The occurrence and movement of groundwater in an area are governed by several factors such as topography, lithology, geological structure, depth of weathering, extent of factures, drainage pattern, climate conditions and inter relationship between these factors (APSAC, 2017c).

Fig. 25 Ground Water Quality Map of Krishna District


2

DMG, GoAP

90

6. Details of Major and Minor Minerals Their Production and Revenue in the District

6.1 Administrative Set-Up of DMG in Krishna District Mines and Geology Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh is entrusted with both promotional and regulatory functions for overall development of Mineral Sector by establishing two regular offices covered with the following mandals in Krishna District and another office for monitoring of vigilance activity in the entire district. The following information is obtained from the District Survey Report (DMG). 6.2 Office of the Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Vijayawada jurisdiction

Vijayawada Urban Vuyyuru Pamarru Nagayalanka Machilipatnam Gampalagudem Unguturu Bantumilli Penamaluru Kalidindi Pamidimukkala Reddigudem Gudivada Kankipadu Challapalle Koduru Vijayawada Rural Mylavaram Chatrai Avanigadda Nuzvid Pedana Movva Ghantasala Ibrahimpatnam Mudinepalle Gudlavalleru Thotlavalluru Gannavaram Agiripalle Guduru Nandivada Bapulapadu Vissannapet Kruthivennu Mopidevi Kaikalur G.Konduru Mandavalli Pedaparupudi Tiruvuru Musunuru A.Konduru

6.3 Office of the Asst. Director of Mines & Geology, Nandigama jurisdiction

Kanchikacherla Vatsavai Veerulapadu Nandigama Chandrlapadu Penuganchiprolu Jaggaiahpeta


2

DMG, GoAP

91

6.4 Overall view of Mining Activity in the District The total Geographical area of the district is 8,72,700 Hectares of which the mining / quarrying activity is about 2,682 Hectares only. It is only 0.30 % of the total Geographical area. The available Major Minerals are Limestone (Cement Grade) and float ore of Iron. The minor minerals are Road Metal, Granite, Gravel & Sand. In respect of the Major Minerals, there are 12 mining leases for Limestone (Cement Grade) and 05 iron ore mining leases exist. The Iron ore mining leases are non-working due to insufficient deposit and no present market. Among the minor minerals, the quarrying activity is predominant with road metal and next is gravel. Granite occurs only in the Jaggaiahpeta mandal having 11 leases and working intermittently due to lack of market. The existing Road metal quarries (214 Nos) are playing major role in the developmental activities of civil constructions. In recent sand policy, sand available along the Krishna River and Munneru River which are above 4th order is kept for free of cost to the public. As such 12 sand bearing areas have been notified at Nandigama mandal, Penuganchiprolu Mandal at Munneru River and Kanchikacherla, Chandarlapadu, Thotlavalluru, Pamidimukkala and Challapalli Mandals at Krishna River and 5 Sand reaches are notified under de-siltation process above Prakasam Barriage. 6.5. Availability of Sand, Gravel and Aggregate Resources The river Krishna flows through entire Krishna district before it empties itself into Bay of Bengal near Hamsaladeevi village of Krishna district. Hence, there are huge potential sand deposits available in Krishna River.


2

DMG, GoAP

92

Prakasam Barrage is a tail end project of the river Krishna located beside Vijayawada city, just 80 km from the sea confluence point. It is found that 71 Lakh cubic metres of sediment deposits have been accumulated in the reservoir and 5 Reaches are under sand reaches through de-siltation process for the quantity of 9 Lakh Cubic meters in the Krishna Reservoir area up to 13.50 Kms from Prakasam Barrage in KLF Bank of Krishna District. In upstream of the Barrage, sand is also available in meager quantities along the banks of the 4th order streams i.e., Krishna and Munneru and 3rd order streams of Paleru, Katleru and Wyra, which drain in western part of the district. There is no huge deposit of sand exploitable. However sand excavation is permitted under APWALTA. However, the sand can be used for local needs and flagship programmes of Governmental works under Rule 23 (1)(A) under APWALTA Rules, 2004. In the downstream of the barrage, sand reaches have been notified up to the point of CRZ and at present 8 sand reaches are notified for excavation of sand under Free Sand Policy and further identification of sand reaches is under progress as per APWALTA norms. Road Metal is available precisely in 7 areas viz, Kachavaram, Kadimpothavaram, Kondapalli, Loya, Vinagadapa, Chillakallu and Paritala areas and at present 214 quarry leases are present in the district. Most of the mineral potential area falls under Reserve Forest. Gravel is available in Vijayawada Rural, Gannavaram, Agiripalli, Bapulapadu, Nuzvid, Nandigama, Chandarlapadu and Jaggaiahpeta mandals and at present


2

DMG, GoAP

93

50 quarry leases are present in the district. Most area of the potential minerals is located under Reserve Forest.

Table-15. Estimation of Road Metal and Gravel Mineral Reserves in the Krishna District

Sl. No

Mineral Name

Reserves in Lakh Cum Vijayawada jurisdiction

Nandigama Jurisdiction

District Total

1 Road Metal 28926.00 756.00 29682.00 2 Gravel 6206.00 93.00 6299.00

Total: 35123.00 849.00 35981.00


2

DMG, GoAP

94

Table-16

Statement Showing the List of Leases for Major and Minor Minerals and Details of Lease wise Production and Revenue Collections During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Vijayawada

S.No Name of the

Lessee Mineral Location

Extent (In

Hects)

Lease period Production

(Dispatches) Revenue Collections

Remarks

From To 2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Sri K. Venkateswara Rao

Road Metal

Kachavaram, Ibrahimpatnam

0.809 31.05.2007 30.05.17 1320 810 150 97141 60806 0 ---

2 M/s. N.V. Subba Rao & Co

Road Metal


1 12.07.2011 11.07.2026 1002 690 672 88239 53134 50400 ---

3 M/s M. Mallikarjuna Rao & Co.,

Road Metal


1.238 29.12.2009 28.12.2024 2070 2700 2100 16513

0 20421

5 15740

0 ---

4 M/s M. Mallikarjuna Rao & Co.,

Road Metal


2.728 02.04.2009 01.04.2024 2700 4800 3600 22263

9 36377

8 26990

0 ---

5 M/s.Nagendra Swamy Stone Crusher

Road Metal


1.012 08.03.2009 07.03.2024 1140 750 2160 93102 56321 34639

0 ---

6 M/s Sri Sarath Stone Crusher

Road Metal


1.416 20.03.2012 19.03.2027 690 1536 948 10053

5 11595

9 70900 ---

7

M/s Jagadamba Granite Metal Works

Road Metal


2.023 09.11.2006 08.11.2016 2010 1710 0 20198

3 20724 0 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

95

8 Sri B. Venkateswara Rao

Road Metal


0.809 26.10.2006 25.10.2016 648 2940 0 55929 17425

0 0 ---

9 M/s. Om Sitarama Stone Crusher

Road Metal


1 28.08.2008 27.08.2023 0 900 1800 30600 52947 13500

0 ---

10 M/s R.P.R. Engineering & Co.,

Road Metal


4.763 21.05.2007 20.05.2022 6000 3180 5100 35898

9 23882

7 38265

0 ---

11 Sri Ch. Naga Sankara Rao

Road Metal


0.81 02.05.2007 01.05.2017 5100 8950 0 42055

6 74430

6 0 ---

12 Sri T. Jagadesh

Road Metal


1.477 18.01.2008 17.01.2018 0 0 0 73850 73850 0 ---

13

M/s. Sri Nagendra Swamy Stone Crusher

Road Metal


2.428 09.08.2005 08.08.2020 1860 1800 4620 16457

0 13516

9 34639

0 ---

14 M/s Sri Venkateswara Engg & Co.,

Road Metal


0.421 30.01.2009 29.01.2024 2700 900 1500 16222

9 67529

157700

---

15 M/s. Sri Venkateswara Engg & Co

Road Metal


2.068 29.12.2009 28.12.2024 3294 1380 3150 19710

5 10364

4 15770

0 ---

16 M/s. Sri Venkateswara Engg & Co

Road Metal


2.354 22..03.2012 21.03.2027 3900 1800 2100 28101

2 13516

2 15770

0 ---

17 Smt. B. Sravanth Reddy

Road Metal


4.989 18.04.2008 17.04.2018 0 3336 3360 13920

0 26158

5 25195

0 ---

18 Sri Ch. Naga Raju

Road Metal

Kachavaram, G. Konduru

1.619 16.02.2008 15.02.2018 5400 7750 3900 44096

1 69286

2 97373 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

96

19 M/s. N. Brahmeswara Rao

Road Metal


2.428 22.05.2010 21.05.2025 3198 3720 2850 29211

7 27916

7 21365

0 ---

20

M/s Sri Nagendra Swamy Stone Crusher

Road Metal


0.939 16.08.2010 15.08.2025 840 930 2400 69654 67948 17994

0 ---

21 Sri N.Suresh Kumar

Road Metal

N. Pothavaram, Ibrahimpatnam

1 27.06.2012 26.06.2022 0 690 1050 0 23896

5 57473 ---

22 Sri Balakrishna Tulasi Das

Road Metal


1 10.07.2012 09.07.2022 0 690 900 0 24631

6 90160 ---

23 Sri G. Jagan Mohan Rao

Road Metal


2.22 22.08.2011 21.08.2021 0 1476 1476 11100

0 12165

3 11100

0 ---

24 Sri Sk. Chanbasha

Road Metal

J.N.P.Varam, G. Konduru

2.817 28.05.2008 27.05.2018 0 2160 0 20650

6 15493

5 0 ---

25 M/s. Srinivasa Stone Crusher & Co.,

Road Metal

Jupudi, Ibrahimpatnam

2.226 21.05.2007 20.05.2022 6600 4500 7200 39321

9 33765

4 53980

0 ---

26 M/s Srinivasa Enterprises

Road Metal

Jupudi, Ibrahimpatnam

3 05.03.2008 04.03.2023 5400 3300 5100 32125

5 24770

6 38250

0 ---

27 Sri S. Kedareswara Rao

Road Metal

Kondapalli, Ibrahimpatnam

2.024 04.11.2008 03.11.2018 1380 1530 630 19241

3 10114

9 10 ---

28 Sri S. Kedareswara Rao

Road Metal


1.62 04.11.2008 03.11.2018 1200 1320 300 14100

0 81011 10 ---

29 Sri S. Raghu Ram

Road Metal


1.406 04.11.2008 03.11.2018 1002 600 0 97068 70608 0 ---

30 M/s. Swaroopa Granite Metal

Road Metal


2.429 09.01.2009 08.01.2019 1200 2400 600 21431

5 12151

0 10516

4 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

97

Works

31 M/s Chaitanya Granite Metal Works

Road Metal


3.643 20.01.2009 19.01.2019 300 2400 1200 10230

0 54619

2 35156 ---

32

M/s Venkata Ramana Granite Metal Works

Road Metal


1.62 21.05.2007 20.05.2022 594 0 0 12582

2 41543 0 ---

33 Sri P. Karunakar

Road Metal


2.429 25.02.2009 24.02.2019 0 0 0 14750

0 12145

0 0 ---

34 M/s Vengamamba Engg & Co.,

Road Metal


2.429 25.02.2009 24.02.2019 0 0 0 14820

0 12150

0 0 ---

35 M/s Srinivasa St Cr N.Ramesh

Road Metal


4 14.05.2009 13.05.2019 57492 32400 75266 38575

78 23959

80 53980

0 ---

36 M/s. Venkata Sai Stone Crusher

Road Metal

G. Konduru, G. Konduru

1.295 15.04.2008 14.04.2023 750 0 840 11060

2 65090 25199 ---

37 M/s. Sri Venkata Sai Stone Crusher

Road Metal


1.255 24.08.2007 23.08.2022 720 180 840 12031

9 20 25199 ---

38 M/s. Swathi Stone Crusher

Road Metal


1.417 27.04.2005 26.04.2020 1230 0 1020 11096

2 12121

5 76350 ---

39 Sri D.Sekhar Road Metal

G. Konduru, G.Konduru

2.5 13.08.2014 12.08.2019 1812 25122

6 0

188072

2.9E+07

0 ---

40 M/s. A.S.N. Granites

Road Metal

Ch. M. Varam, G. Konduru

0.356 22.09.2006 21.09.2021 180 240 0 18925 21266 0 ---

41 Sri K.V. Rama Rao

Road Metal

Chevuturu, G. Konduru

1 23.10.2011 22.10.2021 900 900 900 72569 50069 52489 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

98

42 Sri V. Kishore Road Metal

Chevuturu, G. Konduru

1 23.10.2011 22.10.2021 1200 450 1200 81973 50069 90000 ---

43 M/s Vijaya Durga Stone Crusher

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 0.202 15.05.2009 14.05.2024 0 0 0 10100 11696

7 0 ---

44 Sri A. Suresh Babu

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1.012 18.05.2010 17.05.2020 270 828 750 23596 50728 56350 ---

45 M/s. ASN Granites

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 3.746 19.04.2007 18.04.2022 3600 2500 10000 32357

6 18775

8 79480

0 ---

46 Sri A. Suresh Babu

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 0.433 18.05.2010 17.05.2020 270 300 0 23596 22530 0 ---

47 M/s. Aditya Crusher Pvt. Ltd.,

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 3.032 24.06.2013 23.06.2023 3600 2190 2022 15170

9 15298

8 15175

0 ---

48 Sri N.Venkata Prasad

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 3.321 21.01.2010 08.04.2018 3600 7800 0 30028

0 58622

8 0 ---

49 M/s Sree Lakshmi Constructions

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 3.552 16.08.2009 15.08.2019 4200 12000 10230 41644

4 75625

5 11400

0 ---

50 M/s. Sri Kanaka Durga Metal Works

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1 17.11.2015 16.11.2013 540 660 1350 0 12367

7 10125

0 ---

51 Sri K. Udaya Bhaskara Rao

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1 23.08.2006 22.08.2016 990 450 0 82481 22502 0 ---

52 Sri K. Udaya Bhaskara Rao

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 0.5 27.07.2008 26.07.2018 600 1500 600 47122 11253

5 45000 ---

53 Sri M.S. Pillai, Mg.P. M/s. S G Crusher

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 0.931 06.12.2006 05.12.2021 1650 2160 2340 10360

6 16206

5 17555

0 ---

54 M/s. the Standard

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1 07.01.2011 06.01.2026 3750 4050 1800 24556

9 30381

9 17775

00 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

99

Granite Crusher

55 Smt L. Lakshmi

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 4 21.04.2007 20.04.2017 3300 4475 0 20027

4 48582 0 ---

56 Smt L. Lakshmi

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1 23.09.2008 22.09.2018 0 0 0 0 72069 0 ---

57 M/s. Sri Kanaka Durga Metal Works

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 2 28-08-2008 27-08-2023 1602 2208 1650 15013

7 16578

7 12285

0 ---

58 Sri B.S.P. Chowdary

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 0.336 12.11.08 11-11-2018 1950 600 240 12718

4 44824 17800 ---

59 Sri L. R. Varma Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 4.418 20-02-2009 19-022019 3000 2989 2946 22258

5 53492

220186

---

60 Smt. T. Sobha Rani

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 0.89 03-06-2009 03-05-2024 540 0 0 63648 40556 0 ---

61 Smt. Ch. Rajeswari

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1.809 24-07-2009 23.07.2019 1506 2280 1206 14937

1 16880

7 90450 ---

62

M/s. the Standard Granite Crusher

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1 09.10.2009 08.10.2019 2250 3900 22800 15656

9 29256

9 17775

00 ---

63 M/s. Bhagya Rekha Stone Crusher

Road Metal

K. Pothavaram, G. Konduru

5 18.12.2013 17.12.2018 3000 2400 22200 69494

3 25036

3 16608

80 ---

64 M/s.Madhucon Projects Ltd

Road Metal


3.237 21.05..07 20.05.2022 2600 0 0 29230

4 11110

68 0 ---

65 Sri K.Srinivasa Rao

Road Metal


3.237 30.03.2008 29-01-1900 6808 11500 2000 26222

2 10635

91 16185

0 ---

66 Smt. Y. Vijaya Lakshmi

Road Metal


1.5 27.10.2011 26.10.2016 4800 1200 0 37500

0 90000 0 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

100

67 M/s. Srinivasa Edifice (P) Ltd

Road Metal


1.392 17.08.2011 16.08.2016 8400 0 0 30550

1 69600 0 ---


Road Metal


5 15.09.2011 14.09.2016 10200 600 0 25004

4 25000

0 0 ---


Road Metal


3 24.11.12 23.11.2018 16399 17024

1 20500

0 15316

55 2.5E+

07 79802

00 ---

70 M/s. Srinivasa Edifice ltd

Road Metal


3 15.09.2011 14.09.2016 16200 1800 0 97230

7 16800 0 ---


Road Metal


16.814 28.01.2010 27.01.2025 39000 40800 10940

0 24795

76 29299

52 79802

00 ---


Road Metal

Mylavaram, Mylavaram

7.073 24.07.2006 23.07.2016 4200 3000 0 41018

8 35484

0 0 ---

73 M/s. Naveen Stone Crusher

Road Metal


4.047 07.02.1998 31.03.2016 0 0 0 0 84828

5 0 ---

74 M/s. Dilip Buildcon Ltd

Road Metal

A. Konduru, A. Konduru

1.5 12.10.2015 11.10.2025 32261

5 13560

0 0

2.2E+07

9413106

0 ---

75 Smt Y. Tripura Sundari

Road Metal

Vinugadapa, Gampalagudem

6.125 06.11.2006 05.11.2016 3300 4198 3000 39771

7 30628

0 17001

3 ---

76 Sri T. Kesava Rao

Road Metal


1.214 08.02.2007 19.01.2016 0 0 0 61000 61000 0 ---

77 Sri Y.V.Ratnam Road Metal


2.181 21.05.2007 20-01-1900 1560 2100 1200 17286

3 15567

0 10748

9 ---

78 Smt Y. Tripura Sundari

Road Metal


3 13.10.2008 12.10.2018 5550 7650 3000 42043

0 57471

7 17001

3 ---


Road Metal


3 21.05.2007 20.05.2022 10044 14250 9750 63144

6 29256

9 73021

2 ---

80 Sri Y. Balaram Road Metal

Vinagadapa, Gampalagudem

1.214 14-01-1900 13.10.2019 1500 1800 750 686 11709

5 60023 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

101

81 Ms. Sri T. Venkateswara Stone Crusher

Road Metal

Kadimpothavaram, G.Konduru

1.214 19-01-1900 18-01-1900 0 1110 2550 60900 82834 19145

0 ---

82 Smt. T. Lakshmamma

Road Metal


2.529 22.03.2004 21.03.2019 5100 4500 4800 37012

5 33718

4 36084

0 ---

83 M/s Vijaya Sudha Crusher

Road Metal


1.348 15.04.2002 14.04.17 1998 4476 0 17783

1 33756

8 0 ---

84 Sri P. John Khan

Road Metal


0.607 18.02.2008 17.02.2018 492 420 780 38043 31329 28000 ---

85 Sri P. John Khan

Road Metal


1.036 02.02.2009 01.02.2019 882 702 900 68572 52566 67300 ---

86 Smt. Ch. Radha

Road Metal

Loya, G. Konduru 1.5 15.07.2008 14.07.2018 0 1350 600 0 99990 0 ---

87 Sri G. Jayapaul Gravel Chevuturu, G. Konduru

2.037 19.07.2011 18.07.2011 2400 900 0 11942

9 26001 0 ---

88 Sri K. Sarath Kumar

Gravel Vedurubeedem, Mylavaram

3.035 04.12.2015 03.12.2020 5200 900 0 12195

0 12468

8 0 ---

89 Sri Y.V.Suresh Kumar

Gravel Gollanapalli, Gannavaram

4.047 07.02.2014 06.02.2019 3756 5400 6000 19500

0 16918

4 17981

8 ---

90 Sri P. Baby Rani

Gravel Vedurupavuluru, Gannavaram

3 11.04.2013 10.04.2018 13500 19700 2964 44018

6 58656

6 12003

0 ---

91 Sri M. Venkata Rama Rao

Gravel Narasingapalem, Agiripalli

8 04.10.2013 03.10.2018 0 0 20500 13365

0 32795

3 61500

0 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

102

92 Sri G.Siva Rama Krishnaiah

Gravel Thotapalli, Agiripalli

15.152 15.10.2014 14.10.2019 0 27000 20202 12059

66 81103

9 30115 ---

93 Sri B. Basava Poornaiah

Gravel Thotapalli, Agiripalli

13.528 29.01.2014 28.01.2019 0 48000 16440 0 15624

23 49308

0 ---

94 M/s. Vind Agro Farms Pvt Ltd.,

Gravel Edulagudem, Agiripalli

1.477 11.03.2014 10.03.2019 4980 225 300 11857

0 12802 12958 ---

95 Sri A. Nageswara Rao

Gravel Adavinakkalam, Agiripalli

12.161 11.05.12 10.05.17 5002 180 0 27328

4 15184

5 0 ---

96 Sri Sobha Mani Kanth

Gravel Bodanapalli, Agiripalli

7.25 18.11.11 17.11.2016 10200 29760 0 40123

5 88751

1 0 ---

97 Sri A.V.Rama Rao

Gravel Tadepalli, Agiripalli

10 27.05.2010 31.03.2016 0 0 0 0 24315

0 0 ---

98 Sri A.V.Rama Rao

Gravel Tadepalli, Agiripalli

5 27.05.2010 31.03.2016 0 0 0 0 98380 0 ---

99 Sri Ch.Suri Babu

Gravel Ravicharla, Nuzvid

2.023 11.04.2011 10.04.2016 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

100 Sri G. Prabhakara Rao

Gravel Pathapadu, Vijayawada Rural

1 29.08.2011 28.08.2016 0 0 0 30000 0 0 ---

101 Sri N.Mallikarjuna Rao

Gravel Jakkampudi, Vijayawada Rural

5 18.05.2014 17.05.2017 2400 0 0 0 0 0 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

103

102 Sri P. Naga Babu

Gravel Chillaboinapalli, Vijayawada Rural

0.405 31.01.2012 30.01.2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

103 Sri P.Adam Gravel Chillaboinapalli, Vijayawada Rural

0.324 13.02.2012 12.02.2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

104 Sri N. Kishore Kumar


0.809 17.10.2012 16.10.2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

105 Sri B.Krishna Reddy

Gravel Gopavarapugudem, Gannavaram

0.401 02.06.2014 01.06.2019 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

106 Sri A. Sitharama Swamy

Gravel Bandarugudem, Bapulapadu

0.684 06.08.2014 05.08.2019 0 1800 1800 27326 70978 44531 ---

107 Sri B. Sreekanth

Gravel Bapulapadu, Remalli

1.976 18.08.2015 17.08.2020 5100 7140 63500 23284

8 21420

0 19048

39 ---

108 Smt.B.Santhi Gravel Chillaboinapalli, Gannavaram

0.708 25.06.2014 24.06.2019 3750 666 0 12100

0 29558 0 ---

109 Smt.D.Vimalavathi

Gravel P.Nynavaram, Vijayawada Rural

0.895 11.03.2015 10.03.2017 6000 7800 0 19700

2 17026

0 0 ---

110 Sri D.Sankar Reddy


1.473 27.05.2014 26.05.2019 40740 9600 6300 12126

98 28861

9 18912

0 ---


Gravel Vinagadapa, Gampalagudem

2.85 16.12.2013 15.12.2018 0 3600 1260 14309

7 11419

6 11400

0 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

104

112 Sri M. Bhavana Rushi

Gravel Gopavarapugudem, Vijayawada Rural

1.356 26.06.2014 25.06.2019 15000 23400 25200 49009

3 69914

3 69959

7 ---

113 Smt P. Baby Rani

Gravel K.Pavuluru, Gannavaram

4 05.07.2013 04.07.2018 24100 33100 13500 75798

1 98590

5 24423

0 ---

114 Smt M.Vara Lakshmi


0.777 24.02.2014 23.02.2019 1050 7850 0 30013 22928

7 0 ---

115 Sri G.Siva Rama Krishnaiah

Gravel Agiripalli, Agiripalli

12.715 04.10.2013 03.10.2018 11700 18000 16956 77879

6 77400

508900

---

116 Sri P. Rama Mohana Rao


0.943 10.02.2014 09.02.2019 6900 44100 10000 20960

0 13200

00 26240

0 ---

117 Smt. K. Rama Gravel Kothuru, Vijayawada Rural

3.91 15.03.2016 14.03.2021 600 23820 20220 15650

0 73597

1 60660

0 ---

118

M/s Vileena Emu Processing Pvt Ltd.,

Gravel Digavalli, Nuzvid 5.668 12.06.2015 11.06.2020 10800 0 0 28812

2 0 0 ---

119 Sri M. Bhavana Rushi


0.65 12.06.2015 11.06.2020 0 15000 12900 45000

0 69959

7 ---

120 Sri K. Lakshmipathi Raju


15 27.01.2014 26.01.2019 19362 24574 24550 66902

5 78961

3 74997

6 ---

121 Sri K. Venkateswara Rao


6 12.02.2014 11.02.2019 600 1212 4200 34841

1 0

125400

---


2

DMG, GoAP

105

122 M/s. Vind Agro Farms Pvt Ltd.,

Gravel Edulagudem, Agiripalli

1.538 21.05.2015 20.05.2020 0 1020 0 0 0 0 ---

123 Sri V.Srinivasa Rao

Gravel Vempadu, Nuzvid 4.047 24.02.2015 23.06.2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

124 Sri V.Venkateswara Raju


1.186 27.05.2014 14.12.2016 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---

125 Sri K.Rabi Venkatesan

Quartz Vallampatla, A.Konduru

1.457 30.01.1999 29.012019 0 0 0 0 46958 0 ---

126 Sri N.V. Vatsavardhan

Quartz Kambhampadu, A.Konduru

2.76 19.06.2007 18.06.2027 0 4250 6000 0 32055

6 43860

0 ---

127 Sri K.Nagul Meera

Quartz Chinnavaram, Gampalagudem

1.424 15.04.2008 14.04.2028 0 0 0 0 45500 0 ---

128 Sri K.Rabi Venkatesan

Quartz Ganugapadu, Tiruvuru

0.959 01.08.2000 31.07.2020 0 0 0 0 12200 0 ---

129

M/s Balaji Acqua & Agro Products (P) Ltd

Quartz Anumollanka, Gampalagudem

7.46 30.07.2015 29.07.2035 2780 3502 0 32506

4 26265

0 0 ---

130 Sri B.Satyapraveen Chowdary

Road Metal

G.Konduru, Loya 0.336 12.11.2008 11.11.2018 0 0 240 0 0 17800 ---

131 M.SRINIVASA RAO

Gravel Agiripalli, Agiripalli

12.161 04.10.2013 03.10.2018 0 0 16200 0 0 48640

0 ---


2

DMG, GoAP

106

132 Smt J.Silpa Gravel Gannavaram, Govarapugudem

1.934 28.05.2014 27.05.2019 0 0 5000 0 0 14375

9 ---

133

PRL Projects and Infrastructure Ltd.

Gravel Gannavaram, Vedurupavuluru

21.300 08.11.2017 07.11.2022 0 0 40000 0 0 12000

00 ---

134 M/s Sri Tridevi Stone Crusher

Road Metal

Z.N.Pothavaram,Ibrahimpatnam

2.817 28-05-2008 27-05-2018 0 0 1350 0 0 141050

---

135 M/s Sri Lakshmi Constructions

Road Metal

Loya, G.Konduru 3.321 09-04-2008 08-04-2018 0 0 7200 0 0 114000

---

136 Sri M.V.Rama Rao

Gravel Agiripalli, Thotapalli

13.528 28-10-2015 27-10-2020 0 0 13800 0 0 541120

---

137 Sri N.Sobha Manikanth

Gravel Bodanapalli, Agiripalli

10 18-11-2011 17-11-2016 0 0 11640 0 0 0 ---

138 M/s Dilip Buildcon

Road Metal

G.Konduru, G.Konduru

2.5 13-08-2014 12-08-2019 0 0 260000

0 0 37500000

---

139 Kolusu Venkateswara Rao

Gravel G.P.Gudem, Gannavaram

2.36 08.12.2017 07.12.2020 0 0 4200 0 0 125400

---

8236

18

1180

130

1195

218

5457

8088

9761

6070

7852

7129


2

DMG, GoAP

107

Table-17

Statement Showing the Number of Sand Reaches and Details of Dispatches During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Vijayawada

S.No Name of the Reach Permitted Quantity

Dispatches

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1 PEDAPULIPAKA 2,22,585 2,00,000 25,585 0 2 MADDURU 50,990 10,000 40,990 0 3 ROYYURU-II 37,500 0 0 37,500 4 ROYYURU-III 48,580 0 0 48,580 5 ROYYURU-IV 40,000 0 0 40,000 6 CHIDEPUDI-I 50,000 0 10,000 40,000 7 CHIDEPUDI-II 50,000 0 10,000 40,000 8 CHIDEPUDI-III 50,000 0 10,000 40,000 9 CHIDEPUDI-IV 50,000 0 40,000 10,000 10 CHIDEPUDI-V 45,000 0 35,000 10,000 11 LANKAPALLI-I 44,000 0 0 34,000 12 LANKAPALLI-II 49,000 0 0 39,000 13 LANKAPALLI-II 47,000 0 0 37,000 14 VALLURUPALEM-I 45,000 0 0 0 15 PAPAVINASANAM-I 50,000 0 50,000 0 16 PAPAVINASANAM-II 50,000 0 50,000 0 17 PAPAVINASANAM-III 50,000 0 50,000 0 18 PAPAVINASANAM-IV 50,000 0 50,000 0 19 CHODAVARAM-I 44,000 0 34,000 10,000 20 CHODAVARAM-II 48,000 0 10,000 38,000 21 GUNTUPALLI 2,00,000

22 SURAYAPALEM 2,00,000 23 IBRAHIMPATNAM 2,00,000 24 GOLLAPUDI 2,00,000 Non working due to Ramp

Problem 25 BHAVANIPURAM 1,00,000


2

DMG, GoAP

108

Table-18

List of Quarry Leases in Force in the O/o Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Vijayawada Jurisdiction

Sl. No

Lease Holder Name Survey_No Mandal Village Name of Minerals Extent Lease From Lease To

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 M/s Dilip Buildcon Ltd. 318/20, A Konduru A Konduru Road Metal 0.931 15-09-2008 14-09-2018

2 M/s Dilip Buildcon Ltd 318/20, A Konduru A.Konduru Road Metal,Building Stone ,Gravel

1.500 12-10-2015 11-10-2025

3 Sri N.V. Vatsavardhan 119,126/3,, A Konduru Kambhampadu Quartz 2.760 19-06-2007 18-06-2027

4 Sri K.Rabi Venkatesan 258/p, A Konduru Vallampatla Quartz 1.457 30-01-1999 29-01-2019

5 Sri A. Nageswara Rao 297/1,, Agiripalli Adavinakkalam Gravel 3.764 11-05-2012 10-05-2017

6 Sri G. Siva Rama Krishnaiah 232,, Agiripalli Agiripalli Gravel 12.715 04-10-2013 03-10-2018

7 Sri M.Srinivasa Rao 232,, Agiripalli Agiripalli Gravel 12.161 04-10-2013 03-10-2018

8 Sri N.Sobha Manikath 663, Agiripalli Boddanapalli Gravel 10.000 18-11-2011 17-11-2016

9 Sri T.Eswara Rao 663,, Agiripalli Boddanapalli Gravel 7.250 25-04-2011 24-04-2016

10 M/s Vind Agro Farms Pvt Ltd., 266/4B,, Agiripalli Edulagudem Gravel 0.324 11-03-2014 10-03-2019

11 M/s Vind Agro Farms Pvt Ltd., 266/4D,4E, Agiripalli Edulagudem Gravel ,Building Stone

1.538 21-05-2015 20-05-2020

12 Sri M.Venkata Rama Rao 162/6,, Agiripalli Narasingapalem Gravel 8.000 04-10-2013 03-10-2018

13 Sri A.V.Rama Rao 174,, Agiripalli Tadepalli Gravel 2.023 28-05-2012 26-05-2015

14 Sri A.V.Rama Rao 195, Agiripalli Tadepalli Gravel 5.000 28-05-2010 27-05-2015

15 Sri B.Basava Poornaiah 164/2,3B,3C

,3D&3E,,, Agiripalli Thotapalli Gravel 1.477 29-01-2014 28-01-2019


2

DMG, GoAP

109

16 Sri M.V. Rama Rao 2/1, Agiripalli Thotapalli Gravel 13.528 28-10-2015 27-10-2020

17 Sri G.Siva Rama Krishnaiah 2/1,, Agiripalli Thotapalli Gravel 15.152 15-10-2014 14-10-2019

18 V. Praveen 101/22(P) Agiripalli Vadlamanu Gravel 4.859 22-09-2017 21-09-2022

19 V. Praveen 101/22(P) Agiripalli Vadlamanu Gravel 1.721 22-09-2017 21-09-2022

20 Sri A. Sitha Rama Swamy 121/4B,4C, Bapulapadu Bandarugudem Gravel 0.684 06-08-2014 05-08-2019

21 Sri B.Sreekanth 13/1A,14/1,

15/2B1, Bapulapadu Remalli Gravel 1.976 18-08-2015 17-08-2020

22 M/s A.S.N.Granites 5,, G Konduru Cheruvu Madhavaram

Road Metal 0.356 22-09-2006 21-09-2021

23 Sri K.Venkata Rama Rao USB, G Konduru Chevuturu Road Metal 1.000 23-10-2011 22-10-2021

24 Sri V. Kishore USB, G Konduru Chevuturu Road Metal 1.000 23-10-2011 22-10-2021

25 M/s Swathi Stone Crusher 4, G Konduru G.Konduru Road Metal 1.417 27-04-2005 26-04-2020

26 M/s Dilip Buildcon Ltd 47/A, G Konduru G.Konduru Road Metal 2.500 13-08-2014 12-08-2019

27 M/s Sri Venkata Sai Stone Crusher 55, G Konduru G.Konduru Road Metal,Gravel 1.295 15-04-2008 14-04-2023

28 M/s Sri Venkata Sai Stone Crusher 55, G Konduru G.Konduru Road Metal,Gravel 1.255 24-08-2007 23-08-2022

29 M/s Sri Venkata Sai Industries 55, G Konduru G.Konduru Road Metal,Gravel 1.781 13-08-2013 12-08-2016

30 M/s Srinivasa Edifice Pvt Ltd U.S.B, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal,Gravel 3.000 24-11-2015 13-12-2018

31 M/s Madhucon Project Ltd., U.S.B, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal 3.237 21-03-2008 20-03-2018

32 M/s Sri T. Venkateswara Stone Crusher

U.S.B, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram


33 M/s Bhagya Rekha Stone Crusher U.S.B,, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal 5.000 18-12-2013 17-12-2028

34 M/s Srinivasa Edifice Pvt Ltd., USB, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal,Rough Stone,Gravel

3.000 15-09-2011 14-09-2016




2

DMG, GoAP

110

36 Sri Ch. Venkateswarlu USB, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram





Road Metal,Rough Stone,Gravel

5.000 15-09-2011 14-09-2016

39 Sri B.Ranga Rao USB, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram


40 Sri P. Srinivas USB,, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal 1.809 02-12-2013 01-12-2016

41 Sri K.Srinivasa Rao USB,, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal 3.237 30-03-2008 29-03-2018

42 Smt Y. Vijaya Lakshmi USB,, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal 1.500 27-10-2012 26-10-2016

43 M/s Naveen Stone Crusher USB, G Konduru Kadimpothavaram

Road Metal 4.047 07-02-1998 06-02-2013

44 Smt D.Adi Lakshmi 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 1.000 21-03-2003 20-03-2018

45 M/s Sri Kanaka Durga Metal Works 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 2.000 28-08-2008 27-08-2023

46 Sri L. Rukhmangadha Varma 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 4.418 20-02-2009 19-02-2019

47 Sri B.Satyapraveen Chowdary 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 0.336 12-11-2008 11-11-2018

48 Smt T.Sobha Rani 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel ,Building Stone

0.890 06-03-2009 05-03-2019

49 M/s The Standard Granite Crusher 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Building Stone ,Gravel

1.000 07-01-2011 06-01-2026

50 Smt L.Lakshmi 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 4.000 21-04-2007 20-04-2017

51 M/s. Sree Lakshmi Constructions 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 3.552 16-08-2009 15-08-2019

52 M/s Sri Kanaka Durga Metal Works 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 1.000 17-11-2015 16-11-2030

53 Sri D.Poornachandra Rao 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 0.607 10-10-2008 09-10-2018


2

DMG, GoAP

111

54 Sri D.Poornachandra Rao 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 0.405 30-10-2010 29-10-2020

55 Sri K.Udaya Bhaskar Rao 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 0.500 27-07-2008 26-07-2018

56 Sri M.S.Pillai 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 0.931 06-12-2006 05-12-2021

57 Smt Ch.Rajeswari 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Building Stone ,Gravel

1.809 24-07-2009 23-07-2019

58 Sri T. Ajay Varma 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 1.000 16-10-2008 15-10-2018

59 M/s. Bellatrix Infrastructure Pvt Ltd 26/2,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 1.000 23-09-2008 22-09-2018

60 Smt Ch.Radha 26/2,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 1.500 15-07-2008 14-07-2018

61 M/s The Standard Granite Crusher 26/2,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Building Stone ,Gravel

1.000 09-10-2009 08-01-2019

62 Sri K.Udaya Bhaskar Rao 26/2,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 1.000 23-08-2006 22-08-2016

63 M/s Sree Lakshmi Constructions 26/2,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 3.321 09-04-2008 08-04-2018

64 M/s. Bellatrix Infrastructure Pvt Ltd 41, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 0.809 24-06-2016 23-06-2026

65 M/s. Bellatrix Infrastructure Pvt Ltd 41, G Konduru Loya

Road Metal,Boulders ,Ballast ,Building Stone ,Gravel

0.202 15-05-2009 14-05-2024

66 Sri A.Suresh Babu 41, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel ,Boulders

0.433 18-05-2010 17-05-2020

67 M/s Sri Aditya Crushers Private Limited

41, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 3.032 24-06-2013 23-06-2023

68 Sri A.Suresh Babu 41,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 1.012 09-02-2016 08-02-2026

69 M/s A.S.N.Granites 41,, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Boulders ,Gravel

3.746 19-04-2009 18-04-2022

70 M/s Raghava Project Constructions Pvt Ltd.,

26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal 2.000 26-07-2005 25-07-2015


2

DMG, GoAP

112

71 Sri P.Sreedhar 26/2, G Konduru Loya Road Metal,Gravel 2.000 12-07-2005 11-07-2015

72 M/s Balaji Acqua & Agro Products (P) Ltd

142,143,, Gampalagudem

Anumollanka Quartz 7.460 30-07-2015 29-07-2035

73 Sri K.Nagul Meera 53/1,, Gampalagudem

Chinnavaram Quartz 1.424 15-04-2008 14-04-2028

74 M/s G.S.R.Granites 291, Gampalagudem

Meduru Colour Granite 2.000 08-09-2006 07-09-2026

75 Sri Y. Venkata Rathnam 296, Gampalagudem

Vinagadapa Road Metal,Gravel 2.181 29-07-2008 28-07-2018

76 Smt Y. Tripura Sundari 296, Gampalagudem

Vinagadapa Road Metal 6.125 06-11-2006 05-11-2016

77 Smt Y. Tripura Sundari 296, Gampalagudem


78 M/s Sree Lakshmi Constructions, 296, Gampalagudem

Vinagadapa Gravel 2.850 16-12-2013 15-12-2018

79 M/s. Sree Lakshmi Constructions 296, Gampalagudem


80 Sri Y. Balaram 296, Gampalagudem


81 T. Kesava Rao 296 Gampalagudem

Vinugadapa Road Metal 1.214 08-02-2007 02-07-2017

82 Sri Y. Venkata Suresh Kumar 88,, Gannavaram Gollanapalli Gravel 4.047 07-02-2014 06-02-2019

83 Sri K.Lakshmipathi Raju 12, Gannavaram Gopavarapu Gudem

Gravel 15.000 27-01-2014 26-01-2019

84 Smt J. Silpa 10,, Gannavaram Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 1.934 28-05-2014 27-05-2019

85 Sri K. Venkateswara Rao 12,, Gannavaram Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 6.000 12-02-2014 11-02-2019

86 Sri M. Bhavana Rushi 33/3,4&43/1

, Gannavaram

Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 1.356 26-06-2014 25-06-2019

87 Sri P. Rama Mohana Rao 35/1p,, Gannavaram Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 0.943 25-11-2015 09-02-2019


2

DMG, GoAP

113

88 Sri G.Siva Rama Krishnaiah 41/1,, Gannavaram Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 0.797 28-01-2014 27-01-2019

89 Sri M. Bhavana Rushi 43/1P, Gannavaram Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 0.650 13-06-2016 12-06-2019

90 Smt P. Baby Rani 266, Gannavaram Kondapavuluru Gravel 4.000 05-07-2013 04-07-2018

91 Smt P.Baby Rani 860, Gannavaram Vedurupavuluru Gravel 3.000 11-04-2013 10-04-2018

92 M/s. PRL Projects & Infrastructure Ltd.,

717 Gannavaram Vedurupavuluru Gravel 21.3 08-11-2017 07-11-2022

93 Sri Kolusu Venkateswarao 9/2P & 9/3 Gannavaram Gopavarapugudem

Gravel 2.360 08.12.2017 07.12.2020

94 Sri B.Sai Babu 38/2, Ibrahimpatnam

Jupudi Road Metal,Gravel 0.740 28-04-2012 27-04-2017

95 M/s Srinivasa Enterprises 38/2,, Ibrahimpatnam

Jupudi Road Metal 3.000 05-03-2008 04-03-2023

96 M/s Srinivasa Stone Crusher Company

38/2,, Ibrahimpatnam

Jupudi

Road Metal,Building Stone ,Ballast ,Gravel

2.226 26-08-2009 25-08-2024

97 B. Venkateswara Rao 1 Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram Road Metal 0.809 26-10-2006 25-10-2016

98 M/s Vijaya Sudha Crusher 1, Ibrahimpatnam


99 M/s Jagadamba Granite Metal Works

01, Ibrahimpatnam


100 Sri Ch. Naga Sankara Rao 01,, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram Road Metal,Gravel 0.810 02-05-2007 01-05-2017

101 M/s Sri Sarath Stone Crusher 1, Ibrahimpatnam


102 Smt B.Sravanthi Reddy 1, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram Road Metal,Gravel 4.989 18-04-2008 17-04-2018

103 M/s Om Sitarama Stone Crusher 1, Ibrahimpatnam



2

DMG, GoAP

114

104 M/s Sri Nagendra Swamy Stone Crusher

1, Ibrahimpatnam


105 M/s Sri Venkateswara Engg & Co., 1, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram Road Metal,Building Stone ,Gravel

2.068 29-12-2009 28-12-2024

106 Smt T. Lakshmamma 1, Ibrahimpatnam


107 M/s Nimmagadda Brahmeswara Rao & Co.,

1, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram Road Metal,Gravel ,Building Stone ,Boulders ,Ballast

2.428 22-05-2010 21-05-2025

108 Sri Ch. Naga Raju 1, Ibrahimpatnam


109 M/s Sri Venkateswara Engg & Co., 1, Ibrahimpatnam


110 Sri Pathan Johan Khan 1,, Ibrahimpatnam


0.607 18-02-2008 17-02-2018

111 Sri K.Venkateswara Rao 1,, Ibrahimpatnam


0.809 31-05-2007 30-05-2017

112 M/s Sri Venkateswara Engg & Co., 1,, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram

Road Metal,Building Stone ,Boulders ,Ballast ,Gravel

0.421 30-01-2009 29-01-2024

113 M/s Musunuru Mallikarjuna Rao & Co.,

1,, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram Road Metal,Ballast ,Boulders ,Building Stone ,Gravel

2.728 02-04-2009 01-04-2024

114 M/s R.P.R. Engineering & Co., 1,, Ibrahimpatnam

Kachavaram

Road Metal,Boulders ,Building Stone ,Ballast ,Gravel

4.763 17-05-2007 16-05-2022

115 Sri Pathan John Khan 1/2B,, Ibrahimpatnam



2

DMG, GoAP

115


1/B2, Ibrahimpatnam


117 M/s N.V.Subba Rao & Co., 1/C, Ibrahimpatnam



1/C, Ibrahimpatnam


119 M/s Musunuru Mallikarjuna Rao & Co.,

1/D, Ibrahimpatnam


1.283 29-12-2009 28-12-2024

120 M/s Bajibabu Constructions 1, Ibrahimpatnam

Kondapalli Road Metal,Boulders ,Gravel

1.406 31-10-2008 30-10-2018

121 M/s Venkata Ramana Granite Metal Works

1, Ibrahimpatnam


1.620 04-11-2008 03-11-2018

122 M/s Chaitanya Granite Metal Works 1, Ibrahimpatnam


3.643 20-01-2009 19-01-2019

123 M/s Vengamamba Engg & Co., 1, Ibrahimpatnam


2.429 25-02-2009 24-02-2019

124 M/s Swaroopa Granite Metal Works 1, Ibrahimpatnam


2.429 09-01-2009 08-01-2019

125 Sri S.Kedareswara Rao 1, Ibrahimpatnam


2.024 04-11-2008 03-11-2018

126 M/s Srinivasa Edifice Pvt Ltd., 1, Ibrahimpatnam

Kondapalli Road Metal,Rough Stone,Gravel

2.429 25-02-2009 24-02-2019

127 Sri S.Raghuram 1,, Ibrahimpatnam


1.406 04-11-2008 03-11-2018


2

DMG, GoAP

116

128 Sri S.Kedareswara Rao 1,, Ibrahimpatnam


1.620 04-11-2008 03-11-2018

129 Sri N.Suresh Kumar 84, Ibrahimpatnam

Nave Pothavaram

Road Metal 1.000 27-06-2012 26-06-2022

130 Sri G.Jaganmohana Rao 84, Ibrahimpatnam

Nave Pothavaram

Road Metal 2.220 22-08-2011 21-08-2021

131 Sri B.Tulasidas 84,, Ibrahimpatnam

Nave Pothavaram

Road Metal 1.000 10-07-2012 09-07-2022

132 M/s Mukkamala Estates (P) Ltd., 86, Ibrahimpatnam

Nave Pothavaram


133 M/s Srinivasa Stone Crusher

Compartment No.28

Kondapalli RF,,

Ibrahimpatnam

Thrilochanapuram


134 M/s Sree Three Devi Stone Crusher 163/3, Ibrahimpatnam

Z Navve Pothavaram


135 M/s Balaji Acqua & Agro Products (P) Ltd

89/2A, 2B(P), 2C,

2D & 3

Lakshmipuram

Tiruvuru Quartz 1.275 25-11-2017 24-11-2037

136 Sri M.Hari Babu 212/1, Musunuru Chillaboinapalli Gravel 0.275 24-02-2014 23-02-2019

137 Smt B.Santhi, 219, Musunuru Chillaboinapalli Gravel 0.708 25-06-2014 24-06-2019

138 M/s Srinivasa Edifice Pvt Ltd., 305, Mylavaram Mylavaram Road Metal,Rough Stone,Gravel

7.073 24-07-2006 23-07-2016

139 Sri K.Sarat Kumar 62, Mylavaram Vedurubeedem Gravel 3.035 04-12-2015 03-12-2020

140 M/s Universal Minerals 47/1B,45/8,

45/9, Reddigudem Kudapa Quartz 1.012 09-06-2004 08-06-2024

141 Sri A.Sudhakar Reddy 587,588,, Tiruvuru Ganugapadu Quartz 4.010 29-03-2005 28-03-2025

142 Smt K. Rama 34/1C,34/2

B, Vijayawada Rural

Kothuru Gravel 3.910 15-03-2016 14-03-2021

143 Sri D.Sankara Reddy 75/1, Vijayawada Pathapadu Gravel 1.473 27-05-2014 26-05-2019


2

DMG, GoAP

117

Rural

144 Sri B.Pedda Venkata Rao 514/1, Vissannapet Vemireddypalli Quartz 2.225 09-04-2008 08-04-2028

145 Sri V. Nageswara Rao 517,518, Vissannapet Vemireddypalli Quartz 3.990 12-06-2008 11-06-2028

146 Ch. Venkata Narayana 139 G.Konduru Munagapadu Road Metal & Gravel

3.237 15-04-2009 14-04-2019

147 Smt V. Lakshmi Tirupathamma 5 G. Konduru Cheruvu

Madhavaram Road Metal & Gravel

1.347 22-03-2018 21-03-2022

148 Smt Vemulakonda Samrajyam 7 G. Konduru Cheruvu

Madhavaram Road Metal & Gravel

2.24 22-03-2018 21-03-2028

149 Smt Vemulakonda Samrajyam 13 G. Konduru Cheruvu

Madhavaram Road Metal, Rough Stone & Gravel

0.457 22-03-2018 21-03-2028

150 Smt Vasam Yasoda 318/20 A.Konduru A.Konduru Road Metal & Gravel

0.348 02.04.2018 01.04.2023


2

DMG, GoAP

118

TABLE-19 Statement Showing the List of Leases for Major and Minor Minerals and Details of Lease wise Production and Revenue Collections During the Last Three Years

Pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Nandigama

S.No

Name of the Lessee Mineral Location

Extent (In

Hects)

Lease period Production

(Dispatches) Revenue Collections

Remarks

From To 2015-

16 2016-

17 2017-

18 2015-

16 2016-

17 2017-

18

1 M/s Hemadri Cement (0622100002) Lime Stone Vedadri 2.53

08.02.1983

09.02.2003

11421000 118500 12360

10640010

10200010

9916780

The

Leas

e pe

riod

is to

be

exte

nded

und

er

sect

ion

8-A

of th

e M

CDR

Act,

2015

.


11.08.2009

10.09.2025

52000 55000 35667

4159980

4400000

2853360


23.07.2008

09.11.2021

131589 155745 149467

10638090

12917380

11717330

4

M/s Kakatiya Cements Sugar & Industries (062202008)

Lime Stone Budawada 121.4 18.05.1982

19.05.2002

279500

353380 225000 223435

92 310704

00 176000

00

5 Sri Laxmi Enter Prises (0622080018) Iron Ore Gandrai 9.269

11.02.2008

25.06.2028 84 0 315 378 0 54368

6 M/s RINL (0622000001) Lime Stone Budawada 12.95

20.02.2000

08.08.2020

350367 348701 319500

28704100

27174000

25818353

7 M/s Ultra Tech Cements (0622120012) Lime Stone Budawada 629.22

28.02.2012

05.03.2042

2285000

1503490

2702971

173858419

125457640

222040240

8 The KCP Ltd (0622020004) Lime Stone Muktyala 368.4

19.02.2012

20.02.2032

1280000

1650000

1955000

102400000

136736700

152400000

9 M/s. Ramco Cements Ltd (0622010010) Lime Stone Ravirala 60.704

20.04.2007

26.06.2034

1211333 39700 526164

101706640

40320000

32733120

10 M/s. Ramco Cements Ltd (0622060119) Lime Stone

Jayanthipuram 256.54

10.12.2006

09.12.2026

559000 719000

1323795

46720000

69020000

92740000

11 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd (0622050121) Lime Stone

Jayanthipuram 88.35

19.12.2004

18.12.2024

172000 334000 497503

14560000

32660000

34660240

12 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd (0622090011) Lime Stone Budawada 160

30.10.2008

16.03.2029 4333 1000 240 346640 320000 320000


2

DMG, GoAP

119

13 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd (062970185) Lime Stone Ravirala 124.33

10.01.1997

30.09.2017 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 Smt Koganti Vijaya Lakshmi R.Metal

801,Paritala 0.324

10.09.2003

09.09.2018 300 540 150 16164 34922 0

--

2 Sri B.Srinivasa Rao R.Metal 801,Paritala 2.024

14.11.2013

13.11.2023 2100 1350 300 166637 101389 101200

--

3 Sri K.Srinivasa Rao R.Metal

801,Paritala

3.023 29.09.2007

28.09.2017

3300 3900 2730 241761 329034 159890 Renew

al Applied

4 M/s Sri Padmaja Stone Crushers R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.214

19.05.2012

18.05.2027 1800 2100 1200 87196 157584 90200

--

5 M/s Sri Padmaja Stone Crushers R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.821

19.09.2014

18.09.2029 1500 1398 1200 96445 104975 91049

--

6 M/s Sri Srinivasa Stone Crushers (86) R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.619

20.12.2011

19.12.2026 1500 4200 1260 209183 234000 283422

--

7 M/s Sri Srinivasa Stone Crushers (88) R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.619

20.12.2011

19.12.2026 3600 4200 0 305888 234000 161900

--

8 Sri A.Satyanarayana R.Metal 801,Paritala 0.308

14.12.2009

13.12.2019 450 1200 300 35522 89628 18250

--

9 Sri M.Srinivas R.Metal 801,Paritala 1.214

06.04.2009

05.04.2019 900 1500 750 69593 112338 60700

--

10 M/s Vengamamba Engg. Co R.Metal

801,Paritala 4.354

05.03.2009

04.03.2024 8700 10500 9900 632821 787167 742700

--

11 M/s.Mahewari Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 0.809

22.10.2014

08.09.2024 600 600 1290 108096 40668 40450

--


801,Paritala 1.619

22.10.2014

21.10.2024 9500 12600 2190 601020 945111 164200

--


801,Paritala 2.000

22.10.2014

21.10.2024

14880 5400 1320

1132637 405137 100000

--

14 Sri K.Rama Rao R.Metal 801,Paritala 2.428

09.02.2014

08.02.2024

12900 6000 6660 821667 401747 487740

--


2

DMG, GoAP

120

15 M/s Maruthi Constructions R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.426

02.07.2003

01.07.2018

15000 47400 18060

1061865

3431977 0

--

16 M/s Maruthi Constructions R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.214

03.03.2014

02.03.2024 9360 12900 20700 615664 805714 0

--

17 M/s V.N. Associates R.Metal 801,Paritala 8.498

21.01.2014

20.01.2024

74354 103 131400

4676221

7337500

10279900

--

18 M/s Nandini Stone Crushers R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.618

19.05.2012

18.05.2027 2400 1080 1080 169752 81112 80899

--


801,Paritala 0.708

10.10.2003

09.10.2018 1200 468 510 75825 35550 38150

--


801,Paritala 0.809

21.09.1999

20.09.2024 1200 540 540 77888 40558 404481

--


801,Paritala 1.000

27.11.2004

26.11.2019 1200 666 660 81438 50069 50000

--

22 M/s.Pavan Granite Metal Works R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.214

16.10.2013

15.10.2023 900 7980 7860 65193 795784 394000

--

23 M/s Pavan Granite Metal works R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.070

02.12.2006

01.12.2021 7500 17580 4800 389385

1318574 360000

--

24 M/s N.V.Subba Rao & Co R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.226

17.06.2009

08.07.2024 1800 1500 1500 160385 112655 112300

--

25 M/s N.V.Subba Rao & Co R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.934

16.10.2004

15.10.2019 1800 1320 1290 161431 99133 96950

--

26 M/s Sri Kanakadurga Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.214

19.12.2013

09.08.2018 3750 49300 19800 204220

3656734

1485200

--

27 M/s Madhavi Metal Crushers R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.416

05.07.2009

04.07.2024 4800 5400 8550 330848 406965 641100

--

28 Smt K.Radha Rani R.Metal 801,Paritala 1.214

23.01.2014

22.01.2024 4200 3600 10800 296338 271675 810200

--

29 M/s.Narayana Swamy Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 3.000

05.05.2010

04.05.2025 1770 2040 2100 185437 150230 15700

--


801,Paritala 1.000

11.10.2012

10.10.2027 750 900 1050 70069 63536 78750

--


2

DMG, GoAP

121

31

M/s.Narayana Swamy Stone Crusher

R.Metal 801,Paritala

3.000 12.12.2007

16.11.2016

1800 2100 2700 150206 150000 168088 Renew

al Applied


801, Paritala 3.848

25.06.2010

24.06.2025 2280 4650 11700 194718 344966 877400

--

33 Sri B. Trivikram R.Metal 801,Paritala 2.361

01.04.2006

27.03.2025

13800 18600 9660 944165

1433392 627242

--

34 Sri. B. Trivikramu R.Metal

801,Paritala

2.428 26.03.2013

17.12.2016

17700

96000 3660 947001 822750 274500 Renew

al Applied

35 M/s Veeravali Concrete Pvt Ltd R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.500

17.11.2008

27.02.2023 0 0 0 362968 1871 50000

--

36 Veeravali Concretes Pvt Limited R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.214

19.06.2014

18.06.2029 2808 828 0 204226 60584 60334

--

37

M/s Sri Lakshmi Srinivasa Stone Crusher


0.809 18.08.2007

17.08.2017

18940 39924 24384 939486

2994356

1828750

Renewal

Applied

38 M/s.Robo Silicon R.Metal

801,Paritala

9.500 12.05.2009

05.11.2017

0 0 27500 475000 0 215077

1

Renewal

Applied

39

M/s. Robo Silicon (P) Ltd

R.Metal 801, Paritala

5.382 25.07.2009

24.07.2024

0 0 3588 269100 0 467245 Renew

al Applied

40 Sri V. Krishna Brahmam R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.000

23.01.2008

22.01.2018 8353 666 0 653271 50069 0

--

41

M/s Vaishnavi Metal and Rocks Sand Enterprises


2.500 06.11.2007

05.11.2017

3750 2400 1620 169662 180172 125000 Renew

al Applied

42 M/s.Sarada Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 5.000

27.12.2012

29.12.2027 2034 1068 3330 251701 980293 250000

--

43

M/s.Pavan Granite Metal Works


2.000 04.12.2007

03.12.2017

850 11520 9702 100000 965387 637588 Renew

al Applied


2

DMG, GoAP

122

44 M/s Sai Srinivasa Stone Crushers R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.619

11.07.2012

10.07.2027 0 26142 0 81000

1885569 0

--

45 M/s Srinivasa Granite Metal Inds R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.428

23.02.2005

22.02.2020 1200 1620 600 136730 130256 121400

--

46 Sri Veeranjaneya Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.020

25.02.2006

24.02.2021 3300 3000 24000 246936 225000

1901011

--

47 Sri N.Rama Rao R.Metal 801,Paritala 1.619

30.10.2012

29.10.2022 3900 2400 1800 268893 180000 134950

--

48 M/s Pavan Granite Metal Works R.Metal

801,Paritala 0.809

04.10.2011

03.10.2026 3390 6720 3240 205310 526556 242950

--


801, Paritala 6.000

05.01.2010

04.01.2025 4500 16800 9660 346374

1273471 724500

--


801, Paritala 3.090

12.05.2010

11.05.2025 2560 14340 7140 198844

1075500 535500

--

51 M/s Sree Associates R.Metal 801, Paritala 1.000

05.01.2010

04.01.2020

27766 25520 22800

1765201

1914569

1686850

--

52

M/s.Sri. Sai Ganesh Stone Crusher


1.668 28.03.2008

15.06.2017

1200 3300 7110 130141 247615 533150 Renew

al Applied

53 M/s.Sri. Anjaneya Swamy Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.667

28.03.2008

15.06.2017 4350 1050 1050 212463 83615 83350

Renewal

Applied

54 M/s PVR Chalapathi Metal Industries R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.214

12.05.2009

11.10.2018 330 1740 653 119794 73442 48950

--

55

M/s PVR Chalapathi Metal Industries


1.619 12.05.2009

02.05.2017

330 1191 666 151744 98746 80934 Renew

al Applied


801,Paritala 1.000

27.12.2012

26.12.2022 660 1343 666 101500 50069 49965

--

57

M/s PVR Chalapathi Metal Industries


1.000 20.12.2007

12.07.2017

840 698 666 166569 54732 49960 Renew

al Applied

58 Sri Ch. Ajad Kumar R.Metal 801,Parital 4.000 05.12.200 04.12.202 5400 12420 4830 457247 920276 360215 --


2

DMG, GoAP

123

a 6 1

59 Sri Ch. Ajad Kumar R.Metal 801,Paritala 1.250

20.04.2007

19.04.2022 1350 1290 780 83204 220939 57446

--


03.05.2007

02.05.2022

15180 45420 37884

1216500

3670174

2620571

--


14.05.2010

13.05.2025 6150 7320 5580 450000 596805 399972

--

62 S. R. K. Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala

0.809 24.04.2014

14.05.2017

3900 7200 8280 221694 541121 620950 Renew

al Applied

63 M/s.Venkata Swarna Granites R.Metal

801,Paritala 3.000

07.06.2012

06.06.2027 3600 1980 2700 279455 150216 202490

--

64 Smt B. Vimala Reddy R.Metal 801,Paritala 15.000

18.07.2008

17.07.2018 7800 10000 10020

1277800 630595 786500

--

65 M/s.Machilipatnam Port P Ltd R.Metal

801,Paritala 10.000

18.07.2008

17.07.2018 300 0 0 507878 624387 500000

--

66 M/s.Venkateswara Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.000

04.10.2008

08.06.2018 540 4800 2400 50000 372105 180000

--

67 M/s.Venkateswara Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.023

27.10.2014

08.06.2018 1110 9120 1920 101000 807754 144050

--

68 Sri B. Srinadh R.Metal 801,Paritala 8.000

26.02.2009

25.02.2019 3000 0 0 6550

1017299 399891

--

69 Sri S. Seetha Ramanjaneyulu R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.000

26.02.2009

25.02.2019 858 0 0 127642

1222723 77500

--

70 Kum.B. Hema Latha R.Metal 801,Paritala 5.000

26.03.2009

25.03.2019 0 0 0 684190 11500 0

--

71 Sri. U. Srinivasa Rao R.Metal 801, Paritala 1.821

22.01.2010

21.01.2020 1800 1218 600 121596 91475 91050

--

72 Sri. K. Rama Rao R.Metal 801, Paritala 1.214

14.05.2009

13.05.2019

11700 17000 18600 800854

1211774

1392060

--

73 Sri. N. Veeraiah R.Metal 801, Paritala 2.428

11.12.2009

10.12.2019 1890 1860 4200 152551 139397 314900

--


2

DMG, GoAP

124

74 Sri. Sai Ganesh Stone Crusher R.Metal

801, Paritala 0.647

25.02.2010

24.02.2025 900 1800 66433 51097 135013

4982325

--

75 M/S. Anjaneya Swami Stone Crusher R.Metal

801, Paritala 0.202

30.03.2010

29.03.2025 5850 420 1170 150004 31524 87840

--

76 M/s.Shirdi Sai Stone Crusher R.Metal

801, Paritala 1.877

07.07.2012

06.07.2022 4500 4200 2700 349129 254209 196988

--

77 Sri.B.V.B.M.Prasad R.Metal 801,Paritala 1.618

08.12.2013

07.12.2023 6000 8700 5280 422241 651783 395890

--

78 M/s V.N. Associates R.Metal 801,Paritala 4.000

10.12.2012

09.12.2022

53202 162540 110086

3318825

12191564

8256180

--

79 Sri.Vijaya Laxmi Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 2.809

20.05.2013

18.02.2023

33000 42600 22800

2047370

3195193

1709950

--

80 Sri.N.Umamaheswara Rao R.Metal

801,Paritala 5.000

04.04.2013

03.04.2023 3000 3810 0 315521 276123 0

--

81 Sri.K.Srinivasa Rao R.Metal 801,Paritala 5.000

04.04.2013

03.04.2023 6000 3420 0 295520 298656 0

--

82 M/s Moderan Crusher R.Metal 801,Paritala 0.630

02.12.2006

01.12.2021

16200 9300 8820

1040869 697544 661500

--


12.05.2010

11.05.2025

18900 4500 5260

1200099 297099 394500

--


17.06.2009

16.06.2019 900 1332 2532 141386 100137 189900

--

85 M/s Sri Sarada Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.610

29.12.2006

28.12.2021 780 3372 1680 80613 30733 125998

--

86 Sri Sajja Ram Mohan Rao R.Metal

801,Paritala 1.039

09.07.2010

08.07.2020 1140 690 0 90974 1 51950

--

87 Sri P. Ravi Kumar R.Metal 801,Paritala 2.080

24.11.2009

23.11.2019 702 0 0 285164 104554 181692

--

88 M/s. Srinivasa Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 3.000

24.11.2009

23.11.2019 0 2004 2004 150300 150300 150300

--

89 Sri Kanaka Durga Stone Crusher R.Metal

801,Paritala 3.000

10.04.2015

12.05.2020 3878 10032 9324 324076 485316 689220

--


2

DMG, GoAP

125

90 Sri M Venkata Prasad R.Metal

801,Paritala

1.500 05.11.2007

04.11.2017

0 0 996 0 151503 74955 Renew

al Applied

91 G. Rama Krishna R.Metal

801,Paritala

1.000 09.01.2007

08.01.2017

0 0 0 0 50000 0 Renew

al Applied


801,Paritala 0.505

25.04.2015

24.04.2025 330 1372 340 103524 49068 25224

--


801,Paritala 0.979

28.04.2015

27.04.2025 330 1772 653 112206 49068 48950

--


801,Paritala 1.000

18.05.2010

17.05.2020 0 600 672 0 58913 50400

--


801,Paritala 3.000

25.09.2010

24.09.2020 0 2004 2004 0 179602 150048

--

96 Sri V. Sri Hari R.Metal 801,Paritala 6.000

27.07.2010

26.07.2020 0 0 3600 360117 300411 300000

--

97 Sri N.Bhaskara Rao 21/6,Pallagiri Gravel 1.000 10.01.2015

09.01.2020 1110 1671 1666 77744 55270 49896

--

98 Sri K.V.Sridhar Babu 350/1,Gudimetla

R.Metal &B.S 1.000

04.06.2008

03.06.2018 900 600 0 54508 84612 0

--

99 Sri N. Rambabu 414/9, Muppalla Gravel 0.486

21.02.2014

20.02.2019 2670

300 0 92100 0 25670

--

100 Sri P. Brahammam 414/9, Muppalla Gravel 0.486

21.02.2014

20.02.2019 2520

375 0 93600 0 19430

--

101 Smt P. Madhuri 79/2, Annavaram R.Metal 1.562

17.11.2008

16.11.2018 2400 0 0 207132 87 0

--

102 Sri.V.Chinna Rao 221,Vedadri R.Metal 0.405 25.01.2012

24.01.2022 0 0 0 0 0 0

--

103 M/s.Bhavani stone crusher

132/3,Chillakallu R.Metal 2.000

11.09.2015

10.09.2030 2500 2700 7150 157387 109637 446250

--

104 M/s.Bhavani stone crusher

268, Chillakallu R.Metal 1.000

21.11.2015

20.11.2025 2650 900 300 162520 66319 50000

--


2

DMG, GoAP

126

105 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher

132/3 to 21Chillakllu R.Metal 6.952

31.03.2008

30.03.2023

12100 750 23000 396735 56291

1441600

--


132/3 , Chillakallu R.Metal 0.769

31.03.2008

30.03.2023 1725 850 890 111600 63803 66750

--


132/22, Chillakallu R.Metal 0.234

01.04.2008

31.03.2023 600 550 300 40908 41267 22700

--



31.03.2008

30.03.2023 1475 800 890 92077 60043 66600

--


132/8 & 9, Chillakallu R.Metal 0.586

31.03.2008

30.03.2023 1475 750 890 90596 56291 66550

--


132 of Chillakallu R.Metal 8.093

22.02.2016

21.02.2026 6150 5550 19300

1322413 407449

1416842

--


268 of Chillakallu R.Metal 3.925

23.02.2016

22.02.2026 0 2225 9550 0 241968 592051

--

112 Sri V. Venkateswara Rao


12.05.2008

11.05.2018 825 800 240 52517 60047 33900

--

113 M/s Madhucon Granites Ltd

41,Ramachendrunipeta B.Granite 3.000

28.05.2004

27.05.2024 0 0 0 356317 3190 0

--

114 M/s Katti-Ma Exports Ltd


23.01.2004

22.01.2024 0 62.568

105.049 275528 292686 260537

--

115 M/s Katti-Ma Exports Ltd


07.04.2005

06.04.2025 0 42.108 49.873 183322 239337 18207

--

116 M/s Sri Sai Sankar Granites


01.06.2006

31.05.2026 19.38 27.283 10.682 87418 66046 65800

--


41/2 Ramachandrunipeta B.Granite 1.000

22.08.2012

21.08.2032

32.992 41.825 22.208 160869 100440 98644

--


41/2 Ramachandrunipeta B.Granite 1.203

22.08.2012

21.08.2032

36.888 51.422 33.499 185431 122142 120203

--

119 M/s Renuka Granites 41,Ramachendrunipeta B.Granite 1.902

05.08.2010

04.08.2030

454.432 536.597 839.05

1090692

1309744

2135658

--


2

DMG, GoAP

127

120 M/s Raasi Granites 73/8, Takkellapadu B.Granite 3.430

09.06.2008

23.09.2025 0 8.815 73.838 0 417605 343000

--

121 M/s Raasi Granites 73/8,Takkellapadu B.Granite 2.000

23.12.2014

21.09.2025 0 82.42 52.918 0 239393 200000

--

122 Ch. Venkateswar Rao

69/2 of Anumachipalli B.Granite 1.922

09.04.2015

08.04.2035

48.611 77.462 37.009 111548 443051 0

--

123 M/s.R. S.P. Granites 104, Makkapeta B.Granite 2.000

02.07.2008

01.07.2028 0 0 0 0 204872 0

--

124 Sri. R. Srinivasa Rao 277/1, Bhimavaram

RM & Gravel 3.035

06.08.2009

05.08.2019 0 0 0 0 0 0

--

Total

18326743

6174249

8595375

561797599

565423020

668325203


2

DMG, GoAP

128

TABLE-20

Statement Showing the Number of Sand Reaches and Details of dispatches During the Last Three Years Pertaining to O/o

ADM&G, Nandigama

S.No Name of the Reach

Permitted Quantity

Dispatches

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1 Chevitikallu 100000 0 39000 41000 2 Kasarabada 100000 0 42000 40000 3 Kanchala 100000 0 44000 45000 4 Sanagapadu 100000 0 48000 42000 5 Pokkunuru 50000 0 49000 0 6 Allrupadu 50000 0 50000 0


2

DMG, GoAP

129

TABLE – 21

List of Quarry Leases in Force in the O/o Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Nandigama Jurisdiction

Sl.No Name of the lessee Sy.No. Village Mandal Mineral Extent Lease Period

1 Smt Koganti Vijaya Lakshmi 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.324 10.09.2003 09.09.2018

2 Sri B.Srinivasa Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.024 14.11.2013 13.11.2023

3 Sri K.Srinivasa Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 3.023 29.09.2007 28.09.2017

4 M/s Sri Padmaja Stone Crushers 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 19.05.2012 18.05.2027

5 M/s Sri Padmaja Stone Crushers 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.821 19.09.2014 18.09.2029

6 M/s Sri Srinivasa Stone Crushers (86) 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.619 20.12.2011 19.12.2026

7 M/s Sri Srinivasa Stone Crushers (88) 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.619 20.12.2011 19.12.2026

8 Sri A.Satyanarayana 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.308 14.12.2009 13.12.2019

9 Sri M.Srinivas 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 06.04.2009 05.04.2019

10 M/s Vengamamba Engg. Co 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 4.354 05.03.2009 04.03.2024

11 M/s.Mahewari Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.809 22.10.2014 08.09.2024



14 Sri K.Rama Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.428 09.02.2014 08.02.2024

15 M/s Maruthi Constructions 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.426 02.07.2003 01.07.2018

16 M/s Maruthi Constructions 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 03.03.2014 02.03.2024

17 M/s V.N. Associates 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 8.498 21.01.2014 20.01.2024

18 M/s Nandini Stone Crushers 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.618 19.05.2012 18.05.2027




22 M/s.Pavan Granite Metal Works 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 16.10.2013 15.10.2023

23 M/s Pavan Granite Metal works 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.070 02.12.2006 01.12.2021


2

DMG, GoAP

130

24 M/s N.V.Subba Rao & Co 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.226 17.06.2009 08.07.2024

25 M/s N.V.Subba Rao & Co 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.934 16.10.2004 15.10.2019

26 M/s Sri Kanakadurga Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 19.12.2013 09.08.2018

27 M/s Madhavi Metal Crushers 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.417 05.07.2009 04.07.2024

28 Smt K.Radha Rani 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 23.01.2014 22.01.2024

29 M/s.Narayana Swamy Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 3.000 05.05.2010 04.05.2025




33 Sri B. Trivikram 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.361 01.04.2006 27.03.2025

34 Sri. B. Trivikramu 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.428 26.03.2013 17.12.2016

35 M/s Veeravali Concrete Pvt Ltd 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.500 17.11.2008 27.02.2023

36 Veeravali Concretes Pvt Limited 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 19.06.2014 18.06.2029

37 M/s Sri Lakshmi Srinivasa Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla

R.Metal 0.809 18.08.2007 17.08.2017

38 M/s.Robo Silicon 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 9.500 12.05.2009 05.11.2017

39 M/s. Robo Silicon (P) Ltd 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 5.382 25.07.2009 24.07.2024

40 Sri V. Krishna Brahmam 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.000 23.01.2008 22.01.2018

41 M/s Vaishnavi Metal and Rocks Sand Enterprises 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.500 06.11.2007 05.11.2017

42 M/s.Sarada Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 5.000 27.12.2012 29.12.2027

43 M/s.Pavan Granite Metal Works 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.000 04.12.2007 03.12.2017

44 M/s Sai Srinivasa Stone Crushers 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.619 11.07.2012 10.07.2027

45 M/s Srinivasa Granite Metal Inds 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.428 23.02.2005 22.02.2020

46 Sri Veeranjaneya Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.020 25.02.2006 24.02.2021

47 Sri N.Rama Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.619 30.10.2012 29.10.2022

48 M/s Pavan Granite Metal Works 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.809 04.10.2011 03.10.2026



2

DMG, GoAP

131


51 M/s Sree Associates 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.000 05.01.2010 04.01.2020

52 M/s.Sri. Sai Ganesh Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.668 28.03.2008 15.06.2017

53 M/s.Sri. Anjaneya Swamy Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.667 28.03.2008 15.06.2017

54 M/s PVR Chalapathi Metal Industries 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 12.05.2009 11.10.2018




58 Sri Ch. Ajad Kumar 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 4.000 05.12.2006 04.12.2021



61 Sri Ch. Ajad Kumar 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 8.000 14.05.2010 13.05.2025 62 S. R. K. Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.809 24.04.2014 14.05.2017

63 M/s.Venkata Swarna Granites 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 3.000 07.06.2012 06.06.2027

64 Smt B. Vimala Reddy 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 15.000 18.07.2008 17.07.2018

65 M/s.Machilipatnam Port P Ltd 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 10.000 18.07.2008 17.07.2018

66 M/s.Venkateswara Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.000 04.10.2008 08.06.2018

67 M/s.Venkateswara Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.023 27.10.2014 08.06.2018

68 Sri B. Srinadh 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 8.000 26.02.2009 25.02.2019

69 Sri S. Seetha Ramanjaneyulu 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.000 26.02.2009 25.02.2019

70 Kum.B. Hema Latha 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 5.000 26.03.2009 25.03.2019

71 Sri. U. Srinivasa Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.821 22.01.2010 21.01.2020

72 Sri. K. Rama Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.214 14.05.2009 13.05.2019

73 Sri. N. Veeraiah 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.428 11.12.2009 10.12.2019

74 Sri. Sai Ganesh Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.647 25.02.2010 24.02.2025

75 M/S. Anjaneya Swami Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.202 30.03.2010 29.03.2025

76 M/s.Shirdi Sai Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.877 07.07.2012 06.07.2022


2

DMG, GoAP

132

77 Sri.B.V.B.M.Prasad 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.618 08.12.2013 07.12.2023

78 M/s V.N. Associates 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 4.000 10.12.2012 09.12.2022

79 Sri.Vijaya Laxmi Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.809 20.05.2013 18.02.2023

80 Sri.N.Umamaheswara Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 5.000 04.04.2013 03.04.2023

81 Sri.K.Srinivasa Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 5.000 04.04.2013 03.04.2023

82 M/s Moderan Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 0.630 02.12.2006 01.12.2021



85 M/s Sri Sarada Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.610 29.12.2006 28.12.2021

86 Sri Sajja Ram Mohan Rao 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.039 09.07.2010 08.07.2020

87 Sri P. Ravi Kumar 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 2.080 24.11.2009 23.11.2019

88 M/s. Srinivasa Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 3.000 24.11.2009 23.11.2019

89 Sri Kanaka Durga Stone Crusher 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 3.000 10.04.2015 12.05.2020

90 Sri M Venkata Prasad 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.500 05.11.2007 04.11.2017

91 G. Rama Krishna 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 1.000 09.01.2007 08.01.2017





96 Sri V. Sri Hari 801 Paritala Kanchikacherla R.Metal 6.000 27.07.2010 26.07.2020

97 Sri N.Bhaskara Rao 21/6 Pallagiri Namdigama Gravel 1.000 10.01.2015 09.01.2020

98 Smt.P. Kavitha 71/2 D.D.Padu Veerulapadu C.Granite 1.000 21.05.2004 20.05.2024

99 Smt B.Sri Laxmi 164 Narimharaopalem Veerulapadu C.Granite 8.984 26.09.2007 25.09.2027

100 Smt B.Sri Laxmi 164 Narimharaopalem Veerulapadu C.Granite 9.000 26.09.2007 25.09.2027

101 Sri K.V.Sridhar Babu 350/1 Gudimetla Chandralapadu R.Metal&B.S 1.000 04.06.2008 03.06.2018

102 Sri N. Rambabu 414/9 Muppalla Chandralapadu Gravel 0.486 21.02.2014 20.02.2019

103 Sri P. Brahammam 414/9 Muppalla Chandralapadu Gravel 0.486 21.02.2014 20.02.2019


2

DMG, GoAP

133

104 Smt P. Madhuri 79/2, Annavaram Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 1.562 17.11.2008 16.11.2018

105 Sri.V.Chinna Rao 221, Vedadri Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 0.405 25.01.2012 24.01.2022

106 M/s.Bhavani stone crusher 132/3, Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 2.000 11.09.2015 10.09.2030

107 M/s.Bhavani stone crusher 268, Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 1.000 21.11.2015 20.11.2025

108 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 132/3 to 21 Chillakllu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 6.952 31.03.2008 30.03.2023

109 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 132/3 , Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 0.760 31.03.2008 30.03.2023

110 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 132/22, Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 0.234 01.04.2008 31.03.2023

111 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 132/10, Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 0.607 31.03.2008 30.03.2023

112 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 132/8 & 9, Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 0.586 31.03.2008 30.03.2023

113 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 132 Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 8.093 22.02.2016 21.02.2026

114 Sri.Bhavani stone crusher 268 Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 3.925 23.02.2016 22.02.2026

115 Sri V. Venkateswara Rao 133/4, Chillakallu Jaggaiahpeta R.Metal 0.680 12.05.2008 11.05.2018

116 M/s Madhucon Granites Ltd 41, Ramachendrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 3.000 28.05.2004 27.05.2024

117 M/s Katti-Ma Exports Ltd 41, Ramachendrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.500 23.01.2004 22.01.2024

118 M/s Katti-Ma Exports Ltd 41, Ramachendrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.000 07.04.2005 06.04.2025

119 M/s Sri Sai Sankar Granites 41, Ramachendrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 0.658 01.06.2006 31.05.2026

120 M/s Sri Sai Sankar Granites 41, Ramachendrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.000 18.09.2006 17.09.2026

121 M/s Sri Sai Sankar Granites 41/2 Ramachandrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.000 22.08.2012 21.08.2032

122 M/s Sri Sai Sankar Granites 41/2 Ramachandrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.203 22.08.2012 21.08.2032

123 M/s Renuka Granites 41, Ramachendrunipeta Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.902 05.08.2010 04.08.2030

124 M/s Raasi Granites 73/8, Takkellapadu Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 3.430 09.06.2008 23.09.2025

125 M/s Raasi Granites 73/8, Takkellapadu Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 2.000 23.12.2014 21.09.2025

126 Sri. Nanjala. Veeraiah 90/1, Takkellapadu Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 0.951 06.03.2007 05.03.2027

127 M/s. Viraj Granites 90/7, Takkellapadu Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.800 16.08.2007 20.05.2027

128 Sri Govada Ram Mohan 159/2, Buchavaram Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 0.967 29.09.2008 28.09.2018

129 Ch. Venkateswar Rao 69/2 Anumachipalli Jaggaiahpeta B.Granite 1.922 09.04.2015 08.04.2035


2

DMG, GoAP

134

130 M/s.R. S.P. Granites 104 Makkapeta Vatsavai B.Granite 2.000 02.07.2008 01.07.2028

131 Sri. R. Srinivasa Rao 277/1 Bhimavaram Vatsavai RM & G 3.035 06.08.2009 05.08.2019

MAJOR MINERALS

1 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd Jayanthipuram Lime Stone 256.54 10.12.2006 09.12.2026

2 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd Jayanthipuram Lime Stone 88.35 19.12.2004 18.12.2024

3 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd Ravirala Lime Stone 124.33 10.01.1997 30.09.2017

4 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd Ravirala Lime Stone 60.704 20.04.2007 26.06.2031

5 M/s.Ramco Cements Ltd Budawada Lime Stone 160 30.10.2008 16.03.2029

6 M/s Hemadri Cement Vedadri Lime Stone 38.445 13.08.2008 13.12.2016



9 Sri.S.N.Kilaru Vedadri Lime Stone 2.53 09.02.2003

10 M/s.Kakatiya Cemets Budawada Lime Stone 121.4 19.05.2002

11 M/s.Rastriya Ispath Nigam Ltd Budawada Lime Stone 1295 20.02.2000 08.08.2020

12 M/s.KCP Ltd Muktyala Lime Stone 368.4 20.02.2032

13 M/s.Ultra Tech Cements Budawada Lime Stone 629.22 28.02.2012 05.03.2042

14 M/s.Amoda Iron & Steel (P)Ltd Gandrai Iron Ore 2.326 06.06.05 03.08.2017

15 M/s.Veda Rajagopalam Gandrai Iron Ore 4.553 25.01.2005 28.03.2025

16 M/s.Anand Metales & Power (P) Ltd Gandrai Iron Ore 4.25 06.08.2007 21.11.2027

17 Sri Laxmi Enterprises Gandrai Iron Ore 9.269 11.02.2008 25.06.2028

18 M/s.Shesha sai Inspath Gandrai Iron Ore 4.86 06.08.2009 20.11.2008


i

References

APSAC (2017a) Project Report on A.P. Road Information System, 26p. APSAC (2017b) Identification of potential sites for aquaculture development

in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh using high resolution satellite data, Project Report, 191p.

APSAC (2017c) Ground Water Quality Mapping of Andhra Pradesh, Technical Report, 40p.

CGWB (2013) Ground Water Brochure, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India.

DES (2015) Hand Book of Statistics, Krishna District, Chief Planning Officer, Krishna, Machilipatnam, 284p.

DMG ( ) District Survey Report, Krishna District, 8p. Geological Survey of India (GSI) (2000) District Resource Map, Krishna

District, Andhra Pradesh NRSA (2006) Manual of National Land Use Land Cover Mapping Using

Multi-Temporal Satellite Data. National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad.

NRSA (2007) Ground Water Prospects Mapping Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information System, Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Project, Phase-III, Manual, 222p.

NRSC (2009) Space Based Information Support for Decentralized Planning (SIS-DP), Manual, 214p.

NRSC (2011) Ground Water Quality Mapping (RGNDWM), Methodology Manual, 75p.

Ch.Tata Babu, G.V.Padma, P.Venkata Ramireddy, and G.Prasada Rao, (2015) Double lane road connectivity with mandal headquarters to District headquarters in Andhra Pradesh - A geospatial analysis, International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience, 44-53p.

district survey report - krishna district · 2018-12-26 · krishna district with its district...

Documents