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DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Evolving & Arming the Combat Aircraftatform
sPl
Gen 1 - WWI Gen 2 – WWII Gen 3- Korea/Viet Gen 4 – ODS/OIF Gen 5– Near Term Gen 6 – Far Term
• 1 A/G target• Hand dropped
munitions• No guidance• No bomb site
• Carpet bombing• More munitions
the better• Multiple passes• Norden bomb
• A/C Airspeed• Advent of Laser
guidance• One target, one
munition post
• Gen 1 Stealth• Robust LGB• A/C GPS
Guidance• Wpn GPS
• Internal Carriage• ECM/Stealth/
Speed• In flight target
updates
• Unmanned platforms
• Swarm technologies
• Selected effectsons
• No bomb site• Circle target• 1 A/A target-guns
• Norden bomb site
• AAA
munition – post 1970
• Start Air Refuel• SAMs
• Wpn GPS• Start of UAS• Start of LCD
updates• Robust UAS
• Selected effects• DE• Novel
Payloads/EffectsWeapo
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Weapons Lag Platform Development
Outline
• AFRL Munitions Directorate (AFRL/RW)
• Core Technical Competencies
• Capability Planning
• AFRL/RW Business Opportunities
• Summary
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Air Vehicles (RB)Air Force Office of Scientific Research
Directed Energy (RD) Information (RI)711th HumanPerformance Wing (RH)
(AFOSR)
Sensors (RY) Space Vehicles (RV)Materials
& Manufacturing (RH) Propulsion (RZ)Munitions (RW)
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
AFOTEC Det 2AFRL MUNITIONS
AIR ARMAMENT CENTER
53 WG
DEFENSE THREATREDUCTION AGENCY TEAM
JOINT FIRES INTEGRATION& INTEROPERABILITY TEAM
EGLIN
20 SPCS
NAVY EODSCHOOL COAST
33 WG
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
SCHOOL
ARMYRANGERS
COASTGUARD
AFSOC(919th and 1st SOW)ARMY
7th SFG
AFRL Munitions DirectorateAFRL Munitions Directorate
VisionVision::Global leader in advancing weapons science
VisionVision::Global leader in advancing weapons science g p
and technologyg p
and technology
Mission:L d th di d l t
Mission:L d th di d l tLead the discovery, development,
integration, and transition of affordable t h l bli th fi ht
Lead the discovery, development, integration, and transition of affordable
t h l bli th fi htweapons technology, enabling the warfighter to win across all domains
weapons technology, enabling the warfighter to win across all domains
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
AFRL/RW Funding
200
140
160
180
HVPW Plus Up
100
120
140
$ M
HVPW Plus Up
40
60
80
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16Other $ 80 76.7 86.1 111 102.4 85.3 88.2 73.8
0
20
Core 6.2 & 6.3 98 77 75 77 81.8 74.7 67.8 72.3 77.1 114.7 91.5 92.8 91.8 92.7
C RW S&T 7 2% 5 2% 5 4% 5 3% 4 9% 4 4% 3 6% 3 6% 3 9% 5 5% 4 4% 4 4% 4 2% 4 2%
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Core RW S&T 7.2% 5.2% 5.4% 5.3% 4.9% 4.4% 3.6% 3.6% 3.9% 5.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.2% 4.2%
Munitions (RW) FY12 Core $Munitions Munitions A d iA d i
Munition Munition
Aerodynamics Aerodynamics Guidance, Guidance, Navigation, and Navigation, and
Terminal Terminal Seeker Seeker
System System Effects Effects ScienceScience
$15.1M$3.7M
ControlControl SciencesSciences
ScienceScience
MunitionMunitionIntegration / Integration /
$18.8M$15.2M Core 6.3$
$3.7M
Concept Concept DemonstrationDemonstration
$35M HVPW 6.3
DamageDamage
$8.9 M
$7.3 MDamage Damage MechanismsMechanismsScienceScience
$7.8 M
Munitions Munitions EnergeticEnergeticMaterialsMaterials
Fuze Fuze TechnologyTechnology
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
MaterialsMaterials
8
TechnologyTechnology
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
AFRL/Munitions Directorate
Organizational StructureRW Chief Scientist
Eglin ResearchSite Commander
gDirector
D t Di t ScientistSite Commander
Munitions Directorate Product Divisions
Deputy Director
Senior IMAAdvanced Guidance
Ordnance
Strategic Planning
Assessment & Demonstration
RW Chief Engineer
Integration & Operations
Financial Management
Special Assistant to the Director
Corporate
OperationsManagement
C
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Corporate DevelopmentContracting Safety Office
Munitions Directorate Assigned PersonnelAssigned Personnel
Personnel DegreesContractors152 (27%)
Civilians324 (58%)
PhD16%
BS30%
( ) 3 (58%)
MS53%
Military83 (15%)
Government 407Contractors 152
TOTAL 559
Government S&E 293
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
TOTAL 559
AFRL/RW Facilities
Advanced Warhead E i i F ili
DUKE FIELD
Seeker Phenomenology,Experimentation, Advanced
Research Facility
Experimentation Facility
(CAMP RUDDER)
High Explosives Research & Development
Seeker Technology Research& Evaluation Facility
C‐3DILLONFIELD
EGLIN MAIN
Facility
HURLBURTFIELD Prototype Munitions
Fabrication
AFRL/RW Research Complex
FacilityUniversity of Florida
(REEF)
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)GULF OF MEXICO
FacilityFuze Research & Development
Facility(REEF)
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Outline
• AFRL Munitions Directorate (AFRL/RW)
• Core Technical Competencies
• Capability Planning
• AFRL/RW Business Opportunities
• Summary
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• Material Science• Energy Conservation• Energy Effects & Coupling
• Physical Effects Sim• Virtual Environment Sim• Weapon Target Interaction Physics
• Target Reacquisition & Recognition Theory
• EO/IR Seekers• Energy Effects & Coupling• Weapon Target Interaction Physics• Applied Munition Systems Effects• Computational Physics
• EO/IR Seekers• RF Seekers• Multi‐Spectral / Multi‐Aperture
Seekers
Ordnance Guidance
• Fuze & Electronics Design • Formulation, Manufacturing &
• Navigation• Guidance & Avionics• Control
• Hard Target Fuzing• Terminal Burst Point Control• Initiation Science
Formulation, Manufacturing & Producibility
• Characterization & Phenomenology• Theoretical Energetics & Design
Control• Munitions Airframe Sciences
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
System Integration brings it all togetherModeling simulation & analysis underpins the core competencies and system integration
M&S Strategy Through Munition Life Cycle
R&D M&S efforts result in weapon technologies /
Operational Needs/Solutions
• UON and AF Core Function Master Plans• Scenarios / Target sets & desired effects• Consult warfighters & stakeholders p g
concepts aligned with warfighter needs andtransition of tools to acquisition test and
Needs/SolutionsDefined
M&S of Munition
• Ideate weapon concepts and CONEMPS
• Weapon / Target Interaction• Engagement/Mission / Campaign
/
NEEDSacquisition, test and
user communitiesM&S of Munition
Concepts• HWIL Guidance Integration /Test• Survivability / Countermeasures• Reduce Uncertainty
• Tools for AoA / Accreditation of DesignS&T
• HWIL Test Technology
Acquisition
/ g• Improved Weapon Certification Process• Test Matrix Reduction• Weapons models
ACQDT&EOTE
HWIL Test Technology• Weapon effects for test planning• Phenomenology models• Realize ROI from Improved
Instrumentation
ACQ
Warfighter Use
• Weaponeering• Lethality• Collateral Damage• Wargaming
TESTM&S Tools
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• TrainingFIELD
Outline
• AFRL Munitions Directorate (AFRL/RW)
• Core Technical Competencies
• Capability Planning
• AFRL/RW Business Opportunities
• Summary
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Mapping Weapon Capability Concepts & Core Technical Competencies to the AF Mission
S i C Air SuperiorityAir Superiority Global Precision AttackGlobal Precision Attack Special OperationsSpecial Operations
El t iEl t iAiAi tt AiAi
Service Core Function
S iS i ClCl S i lS i l
Concepts of Operations
Global StrikeGlobal Persistent Attack
SOF
Electronic Electronic AttackAttack
AirAir--toto--Air Air SuperioritySuperiority
Hi h V l it P t ti
OperationalCapability
Area
Suppression Suppression of Enemy of Enemy ADAD
LongLong--Range Range StrikeStrike
IntraIntra--Theater Theater StrikeStrike
CloseClose--Controlled Controlled
StrikeStrike
Special Special OperationsOperations
Long RangeStand Off
High Velocity Penetrating Weapon (HVPW)
Selectable Effects Munitions (SEM)Next Generation Missile
Flagship Concepts
CHAMP(HPM)
PAWS(JCTD)Stand-Off Munitions (SEM)(HPM)
Electric Laser – Large Aircraft(ELLA)
AirborneWeapon
Layer
High SpeedStrike
…Weapons
(JCTD)
Capability Concepts
High SpeedStrike
Weapons…
Small AdvancedCapabilities Network-enabledNext GenSuper
GlobalStrike
Penetrator
Pl i
Anti-Jam Precision Guided Munition(JCTD)
A2AD A2ADCapabilities
Missile Small Urban Munitions
Functional Defeat Munitions
Area Attack
Electric LaserSmall AC
CHAMPPlanning Concepts
Defeat Defeat
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Lethal Micro Air Vehicle
AFRL/RW Current EffortsHigh Velocity Penetrating Weapon (HVPW) AFRL Flagship EffortHigh Velocity Penetrating Weapon (HVPW) AFRL Flagship Effort
Description• Improved penetration• Improved penetration
capability of hard, deep targets with boosted impact
• Maturing technologies that g gcan be applied to the FY14 Hard Target Munition DP
• HVPW FCC “buys down” risk with a survivablerisk with a survivableordnance package, terminal guidance, and propulsion performance
Benefit to WarfighterBenefit to Warfighter• Reduces risk in critical technologies that will allow for defeat of emerging hard
targets• Internal carriage on F-35 increases loadout, holding more targets at risk
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
g g g• Operates in GPS degraded / denied environments• 2,000 lb weapon with 5,000 lb-class penetration…
AFRL/RW Current EffortsHigh Speed Strike Weapon (HSSW)High Speed Strike Weapon (HSSW)
DescriptionHSSW - joint DoD program developing & maturing key technologies that can be applied to the next generation attack cruise missile acquisition
• Efficient ramjet & scramjet propulsion / rocket accelerator for p plong range
• Lightweight high-speed and high temp structures
• In-Flight retargeting• In-Flight retargeting• Better CEP accuracy in GPS
degraded / GPS denied environmentsT il d bl l i i• Tailored blast pulse to maximize target coupling
• High speed explosive lethality, survivability, and thermal stability
Benefit to Warfighter• Provide rapid response in an anti-access / area denied environment• Prosecuting larger denied access areas (threat rings are increasing)
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
g g ( g g)• Rapidly respond (mins) to ever-changing threats from stand-off• Surviving new emerging threats (legacy systems will have limited success)
AFRL/RW Current EffectsSelectable Efforts Munition (SEM)Selectable Efforts Munition (SEM)
Description• Advanced weapon capability
delivering precise / variabledelivering precise / variable kinetic effects in contested environments with minimum collateral damage.
• Initially - composite warhead case in logistically supportable MK82 form factorfactor.
• Precise control of lethal footprint thru precision HOB and advanced controlled effects warhead
• Laser JDAM provides precision guidance against fixed and mobile targetsfixed and mobile targets
Benefit to Warfighter• High lethality against irregular warfare targets / urban terrain targets
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
g y g g g g• Minimized collateral damage – Tech pathway for Next Gen Small Weapon• Greater flexibility to engage targets in close proximity to non-combatants
AFRL/RD Current EffectsAFRL Directed EnergyAFRL Directed Energy
Programs:
• Next Generation Tactical Laser
Weaponp
• Deliver Ultra-Precise Non-Kinetic
Effects Electric Laser on LargeEffects Electric Laser on Large
Aircraft (ELLA)
• High Power Microwave• High Power Microwave
• Counter-Electronics Advanced
Mi il P j t (CHAMP) JCTDMissile Project (CHAMP) JCTD
• Active Denial Systems
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
AFSOCAFGSC
End State for Synergized RW/RD Planning
AFRL/Air Armament Center T h T iti C il
ACCAFSOC
Other MAJCOMs / Centers
AFGSC
Integrated RD/RW Strategic Weapons Plan
Tech Transition Council
RD RW
IWEA
Directed Energy Unique Operations Capability Area Concepts
Munitions/KE Unique Operations Capability Area Concepts
Combined DE/KE Effects Capability Concepts
Integrated Sys Eng Assessment & Wargaming
System Concept Development & Modeling
HPM & L Eff /V l bili
Electromagnetic, Wave-Optic Sim
L h li & V l bili Eff
Fluid-Structure-Mechanical Sim
Collaboration
y g
HPM & Laser Effects/Vulnerability Lethality & Vulnerability Effects
Integrated RW/RD Requirement Definition
Collaboration
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)Distribution D – Subject to Cover Page Limitations
ACC AFSOC Other MAJCOMs / CentersAFGSC
Challenges for 5th Gen Weaponization
• Capability vs. CapacityCapability vs. Capacity• Increased Loadout
A/A– A/A
– A/G
Hi h PK S k / W h d• High PK Seekers / Warheads• SEAD / DEAD• Anti-Access / Area Denial• LRS FoSLRS FoS• HDBT FoS
5th G & 4th G S iDISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• 5th Gen & 4th Gen Synergies
AFRL/RW Future Efforts
• Long Range Strike (LRS) FoS
• Anti-Access / Area Denial Solutions
• Next Generation Small Weapon / SEM
• Advanced Gunship Weaponization
F i l D f f HDBT / HDBT F S• Functional Defeat of HDBT / HDBT FoS
• Small Advanced Capabilities Missile• Small Advanced Capabilities Missile (SACM)
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• Moving Target Strike
RW Capability Concept DemosBattle Rhythmy
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Hi h V l it P t ti WOTHERFLAGSHIP
Hard & Deeply Buried Targets(HDBT)
Global Strike Penetrating Munition(GSPM)
High Velocity Penetrating Weapon (HVPW)
FLAGSHIP CAPABILITY CONCEPTPLANNING CONCEPT
IPODS Concept
Long Range Long Range Strike Weapon
Functional Defeat
Munition(FDM)
Integrated Precision Ordnance Delivery System (IPODS) Technology Maturation
Concept Refine-ment
Kinetic Energy o g a geStrike(LRS)
Miniature Suburban
Long Range Strike Weapon (LRSW) - Mobile
Long Range Strike Weapon (LRSW) – Fixed
gyProjectile (KEP)
Close Controlled Strike/ Intra-Theatre Strike(CCS/ITS)
Munition (PAWS)
Network Enabled Small Urban Munition (NETSUM)
Selectable Effects Munition (SEM)Lethal Micro Air Vehicle (LMAV)PL-82
Risk
Air Dominance
Next Gen Small Wpn( )Risk
Red. QRC
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
(AD) Next Generation Missile (NGM) Small Advanced
Capabilities Missile (SACM)
Capability Development Planning
• Operational Capability Area (OCA) lead oversees the OCA for RW
OV-1 SV-1
OCA for RW• OCA Integrated Product
Team (IPT) reviews gaps and needed weaponand needed weapon attributes (links with AAC)
• OCA IPT develops concept trade space including PerformanceConcept p grough cost & schedule estimates
• Stakeholders / analyses
Performance Comparisons
Concept Comparisons
(ACC / AFSOC / AAC) meeting – CONOPS / TTPs
• Capability Concept R fi tFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY S C l M iti
Program Concepts
Refinement• Re-Engage ACC / AFSOC /
AAC
Super Cool MunitionRoad to MDD And Beyond
JCIDS ACTIVITIES
Prior 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
DEVELOPMENTAL PLANNING
ACQUISITION STRATEGY(Notional)
HDBTDC AoA (2000)HDBT CEA ICD (2005)
EMD
MS C
Technology Dev
MS B
MSA
MS A
MDDAoA
TDSMS-A
Doc/Prep
CPD CDD Draft CDD
• AoA Study Guidance/Plan Support
• Pre‐MDD Analysis
CBA/ICDCONOPS / TTPs
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• Develop and coordinate collaborative roadmaps
55
• CCTD Development
• Cost Estimates
• Business Case Development
• System Engineering Trade Space Analysis
S&T (AFRL/Industry)Critical Technologies
Warhead Case
Explosive
Modeling & Simulation
System Integration
CSOP Demo
Fuze
GN&CPropulsion
Funded
Unfunded
Partial Funding
Capabilities to TechnicalChallenges & ApproachesChallenges & Approaches
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Super Cool MunitionRoad to MDD And Beyond
JCIDS ACTIVITIES
Prior 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
ACQUISITION STRATEGY(Notional)
HDBTDC AoA (2000)HDBT CEA ICD (2005)
EMD
MS C
Technology Dev
MS B
MSA
MS A
MDDAoA
TDS
CPD CDD Draft CDD CBA/ICD
Detailed Explosive Roadmap
Detailed Fuze Roadmap
DEVELOPMENTAL PLANNING
TDSMS-A
Doc/Prep
• AoA Study Guidance/Plan Support
• Pre‐MDD Analysis
• CCTD Development
• Cost Estimates
• Business Case Development
• System Engineering Trade Space Analysis
S&T (AFRL/Industry) Warhead Case
il d d li il d i l
• Increase fidelity of technical challenges th t h t b t bl
55
S&T (AFRL/Industry)Critical Technologies Explosive
Modeling & Simulation
System Integration
CSOP Demo
Fuze
GN&CPropulsion
Funded
Unfunded
Partial Funding
Detailed Modeling & Simulation Roadmap
Detailed Materials & Manufacturing
Roadmapthat have to be overcome to enable concept - down to sub-component area (Research Plan)
• Estimate program cost & schedule based p gon desired maturation dates
• Re-Engage Munitions Stakeholders• Allocate Available Resources
Detailed Warhead Roadmap
Detailed Other Technology Roadmaps …
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• Update Research Plans & Roadmaps• Execute Work Units
Outline
• AFRL Munitions Directorate (AFRL/RW)
• Core Technical Competencies
• Capability Planning
• AFRL/RW Business Opportunities
• Summary
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
AFRL Industry Opportunities
I d t O t iti• Industry Opportunities:
Broad Agency Announcement:– Broad Agency Announcement:
– All BAAs are posted on FedBizOpps at fbo.govp pp g
– One FY10 BAA was posted in March 2010 now extended until 30 April 2012extended until 30 April 2012
– Small Business Innovation Research/ Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR)
http // acq osd mil/osbp/sbir/solicitations
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
• http://www.acq.osd.mil/osbp/sbir/solicitations
AFRL/RW BAAs• Armament Technology BAA-RWK-12-0001 $49.9M **
• Weapon Aerial Systems Research, Biomimetic Signal Processing• Weapon/target Mechanics, Damage Mechanisms & Fuze Research• Autonomous Target Recognition, Advance Scene Generation• HWIL Simulation Technologies, Navigation & Control Technologies• Modeling, Simulation & Analysis of Advanced Weapon Technologiesg y p g• Facilities & Equipment Enabling Micro Munitions & Advanced
Energetics• Laser Radar Component Technology and Multifunction Multimode
Radar Research• Revolutionary Research• Science, technology, engineering & Mathematics (STEM) K-12
• High Velocity Penetrating Weapon BAA-RWK-12-0002 $48M **• Ordnance Design & TestingOrdnance Design & Testing• Guidance, Navigation & Control Design & Test• Propulsion Design & Test• Conceptual Design & Systems Integration
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Conceptual Design & Systems Integration** Complete printout available at the AFRL/RW display in the exhibit area **
Cooperative Opportunities• Cooperative Research & Development Agreements (CRADAs)• Commercial Test Agreements (CTA)• Educational Partnership Agreements (EPA)
RW Tech Transfer Contact: Lynn ZanowEmail: [email protected]
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
a y a o @eg aPhone: 850 882‐3920
Outline
• AFRL Munitions Directorate (AFRL/RW)AFRL Munitions Directorate (AFRL/RW)
• Core Technical Competenciesp
• Capability Planningp y g
• AFRL/RW Business Opportunities
• Summary
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
Capability Transition / DeliveryLegacy Future
HDBT
NGM
LGB
AMRAAM
BLU-121
Crash-Pad
AMRAAM
GBU-28 “Bunker Buster”
Shredder ATD
A-A Superiority SEAD / DEAD &
Electronic AttackClose Controlled
Strike & Special Ops
NETSUM
PAWJDAM
Electronic Attack Strike & Special Ops
MOABJASSMLong Range / Intra-Theater Strike
Micro-Weapons for Novel target Effects
HTSF
Selectable
Advanced Seekers
Structural
FLM
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)
SDB I Intra-Theater / Close Controlled StrikeLong Range Strike
Effects Energetics
BATCAM
AFRL Munitions Directoratehttp://www.eglin.af.mil/units/afrlmunitionsdirectorate
We Deliver the We Deliver the Warfighter’sWarfighter’sBest Bang for the Buck !!Best Bang for the Buck !!Best Bang for the Buck !!Best Bang for the Buck !!
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2011-0448)