distributed intelligence provides self-healing for the grid [email protected]...

Distributed Intelligence Provides Self-Healing for the

Grid

[email protected]@sandc.com

Session 5 Paper 1199

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011

Distributed IntelligenceDistributed Intelligence

Distributed Intelligence makes Distributed Intelligence makes sense:sense: Traditional centralized generation Traditional centralized generation

and one-way power flow model is and one-way power flow model is changingchanging

Distributed Energy Resources will Distributed Energy Resources will connect at distribution voltagesconnect at distribution voltages

Local logic for bi-directional Local logic for bi-directional protection and automation acts on protection and automation acts on real-time informationreal-time information

Devices are becoming more Devices are becoming more intelligent and sensing more data. intelligent and sensing more data.

Onboard computation enables Onboard computation enables calculations and decision capabilitiescalculations and decision capabilities

OldOld

NewNew


Smart Switching for the Smart GridSmart Switching for the Smart Grid

15

Test 1 Test 2Initial Trip

Time (sec)


Fault-Pulses

Time (sec)

Fault-Pulses

Sensors, communications, protection, measurements,

standalone or system integrated

New Types of switching – “Pulse closing” significantly reduce the damaging impacting of full fault current reclosing – 98% reduction in

fault energy

Recloser IntelliRuper™


Point-on-Wave Closing Closing angle = 90° (voltage peak)

symmetrical fault current

Voltage

Current


Point-on-Wave Closing A closing angle of 118° after a voltage zero yields

an initial minor loop

CLOSING ANGLE 118° AFTER VOLTAGE ZERO

Voltage

Current

This Is the Pulse!


Pulse Closing Energy Fault I2t let-through is typically less than 2%

compared to a conventional recloser

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

100 1000 10000 100000

Current (Amps)

Tim

e (

se

co

nd

s)

Fault 1

Fault 2Fault 3

Fault 1 RMS Current Duration I2T

Conventional Reclosing

2,000 A 0.5420 s 2,168,000 A2s

Pulseclosing 930 A 0.0053 s 4,800 A2s (0.22%)

Fault 2


5,000 A 0.1620 s 4,050,000 A2s


Fault 3


12,500 A 0.0880 s 13,750,000 A2s



Reclosing Vs Pulse Closing Energy

Conventional reclosers close, or reclose

Close and reclose are the same action three-phase group operated random point-on-wave

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Fault Current - AmperesA

mp

s2 -Se

co

nd

s

RECLOSING

PULSECLOSING


Conventional Reclosing B Phase Permanent Fault

Test 1 Test 2Initial TripTime (Not to Scale)

Additional Sht Ccts applied to the system


Pulseclosing B Phase Permanent Fault


Fault-Pulses

Fault-Pulses

Time (Not to Scale)


PLOTTING VOLTAGE:

BY:

DATE:

NO:

12.47 kV

5-27-2005

5

0.01

0.1

1

10

5 10 100

Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.

Tim

e in S

econds

Circuit Protection

Station breaker relay curve Min Response Tolerance Breaker clearing time

Downstream interrupting devices Fuses Reclosers

Room for more

LARGEST FUSELARGEST FUSE ON CIRCUITON CIRCUIT

SUBSTATIONSUBSTATIONBREAKERBREAKER

MAX CLEARMAX CLEAR

MIN RESPONSEMIN RESPONSE


PLOTTING VOLTAGE:

BY:

DATE:

NO:

12.47 kV

5-27-2005

5

0.01

0.1

1

10

5 10 100


Tim

e in S

econds

PLOTTING VOLTAGE:

BY:

DATE:

NO:

12.47 kV

8-9-2005

8

0.01

0.1

1

10

5 10 100


Tim

e in

Sec

onds

Protection Setup

Substation relay settings

Enter downstream fuse characteristics

Generate Curve

SB A

A1A1

TCCTCCFUSEFUSE

TCCTCCA1A1

A2A2

TCCTCCFUSEFUSE


Protection Setup

Repeat process until cannot coordinate

SB A

A1A1

TCCTCCFUSEFUSE

A2A2

A3A3

TCCTCCFUSEFUSETCCTCC

FUSEFUSE

A3A3

A4A4

PLOTTING VOLTAGE:

BY:

DATE:

NO:

12.47 kV

8-9-2005

10

0.01

0.1

1

10

5 10 100


Tim

e in

Sec

onds


PulseFinder

Non-communicating automatic sectionalizing & restoration

Coordination as much as possible Shared curves for remaining devices


PulseFinder

T=0 Fault in segment 5 All PulseClosers with A3 curve trip


PulseFinder

T=1 sec IR-2 pulses


PulseFinder

T=1 sec IR-2 pulses and closes


PulseFinder

T=1.5 sec IR-3 pulses


PulseFinder

T=1.5 sec IR-3 pulses and closes


PulseFinder

T=2 sec IR-4 pulses


PulseFinder

T=2 sec IR-4 pulses and continues PulseClosing test

sequence

Self Healing


Self Healing

Each device is enabled to talk to other team members

Exchange information on voltage, current, status, capacity

With loss of supply the team knows actual system status and reconfigures network to bring on new sources while dropping load if so required according to prioritization

Requires communication between devices, lower latency reasonable bandwidth.


Rapid Self-Healing

SR

C

1

SR

C

2

SR

C

4

TEAM160A

TEAM370A

TEAM430A

TEAM540A

TEAM660A

100A Max

350A Max

400A Max

Normal circuit condition. Note source capacities.Loss of SRC 3.

120A

0A

0AN.O.N.O.

SR

C

3

TEAM2120A

260AN.O.

IR3

IR9

IR2

IR7 IR8IR6

IR4

IR1

IR5


TEAM160A

TEAM370A

TEAM430A

TEAM540A

TEAM660A

Rapid Self-Healing

SR

C

1

SR

C

2

SR

C

4

100A Max

350A Max

400A Max

IR5 senses loss of voltage, opens, and immediately initiates Rapid Self-Healing.

120A

0A

0AN.O.N.O.

SR

C

3

TEAM2120A

260AN.O.

IR3

IR9

IR2

IR7 IR8IR6

IR4

IR1

IR5


Rapid Self-Healing

SR

C

1

SR

C

2

SR

C

4

TEAM160A

TEAM370A

TEAM430A

TEAM540A

TEAM660A

100A Max

350A Max

400A Max

IR8 is chosen as preferred source due to higher capacity. IR5 opens and IR8 closes to restore TEAMS 1, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Restoration complete!

120A

260A

0AN.O.N.O.

SR

C

3

TEAM2120A

0AN.O.

IR3

IR9

IR2

IR7 IR8IR6

IR4

IR1

IR5


Integration with DMS/GIS

Benefits Only maintain one master database: GIS Ensures restoration system in the field is up-to-

date with latest field ‘as build data’ System propagates to each team member ie

only one needs to be updated



Repeater Radio

Laptop Computer

IntelliRupter IR #3

IntelliRupter

IR #2

IntelliRupter IR #1

GIS DatabaseGet connectivity

model and device attributes



Repeater Radio

Laptop Computer

IntelliRupter IR #3

IntelliRupter

IR #2

IntelliRupter IR #1

GIS Database

Daily updates of field work, such as new devices

installed, or lines reconductored

Automatic daily push of updated

circuits

Display updated IT-SG configurations

for user to acknowledge


Repeater Radio

Laptop Computer

IntelliRupter IR #3

IntelliRupter

IR #2

IntelliRupter IR #1


DMSAutomatic

push of updated circuits

Display updated IT-SG configurations

for user to acknowledge

GIS Database

DMS planning functions may desire a new

“normal” configuration


Layered Intelligence™Layered Intelligence™Hybrid control systems (centralized and distributed) Hybrid control systems (centralized and distributed)

complement each other:complement each other: Distributed Intelligence acts in real-time for Distributed Intelligence acts in real-time for

protection and restoration, takes care of the protection and restoration, takes care of the problem and reports complete status to central problem and reports complete status to central systemsystem

operators can then fine-tune the system operators can then fine-tune the system integrating Distributed Intelligence with centralizedintegrating Distributed Intelligence with centralized

exchange of informationexchange of information example: implement “new normal” configurationexample: implement “new normal” configuration turn data (Scada) into informationturn data (Scada) into information


Operational Time frame

Centralized Control

Distributed Intelligence


Systems with distributed IntelligenceSystems with distributed IntelligenceSmart Switching

Energy Storage

Communications

Substation based

Existing Switching Devices:upgrade to distributed

intelligence

Pad Mounted

SCADA switches

Status & Data

Control Centre

Questions?

distributed intelligence provides self-healing for the grid [email protected]...

Documents

frankfurt germany

energy fault

response slide

wave slide

system slide

fault current reclosing

conventional recloser

initial trip time sec