distracted driving newport
TRANSCRIPT
Distracted Driving Demonstration Project 2010
Tara Casanova, MSPreusser Research Group
Edmund HedgeConnecticut Department of Transportation
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
LESS DISTRACTING
MORE DISTRACTING
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
TALKING TO A PASSENGER
TEXTING
TALKING ON HANDS FREE CELL
TALKING ON HAND-HELD CELL
GLANCING AT GPS
TYPES OF DISTRACTION
VISUAL
MANUAL
COGNITIVE
Distracted Driving: What is it?
-
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
300,000,000
N A
me
rica
ns
w/
Ce
ll P
ho
ne
s
About 1 Million had cell phone in 1987
About 50 Million had cell phone in 1997
In 2007 about 250Million had cell phones
or about 82% of all Americans
Distracted Driving: A Growing Problem
3%
4%
5% 5%
6% 6%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pe
rce
nt
Ob
serv
ed
Han
d-h
eld
Use
Source: NOPUS
Distracted Driving: A Growing Problem
Increasing Fatal Crashes
11%
10%
14% 14%
16%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
% F
atal
Cra
she
s In
volv
ing
Dis
trac
tio
n
Actual Linear Extrapolation
Source: NCSA/FARS(excluding extrapolation)
17%
19%
20%
Social Acceptability
Until this year, cell phone use and texting while driving were likely acceptable practices.
Distracted Driving: What’s being done?
LAWS•7 STATES BAN HAND HELD PHONES FOR ALL DRIVERS
•NY (2001)•DC (2004)•CT (2005)•UT (2007)•CA (2008) •WA (2008)•OR (2010)
•21 STATES BAN HAND HELD PHONES FOR NOVICE DRIVERS
•19 STATES BAN TEXTING WHILE DRIVING
SOCIAL NORMING•LOCAL MOVEMENTS: E.G. STAY ALIVE, JUST DRIVE (SAJD.ORG)
•GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS: DISTRACTION.GOV, WHITE HOUSE GUIDELINES FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYEES
•OPRAH: NO PHONE ZONE; DON’T TEMPT F8, THAT TXT CAN W8
Distracted Driving: What’s Being Done?
Definition of Distraction in FARS
SEAT BELTS: MEN AGES 17 TO 34
ALCOHOL: MEN AGES 21 TO 40 OR 50
DISTRACTED:EVERYONE UNDER 70? MUCH BROADER CATEGORIES
Distraction: Who’s doing it?
NOPUS•SEX
•MEN: •5% IN 2008(4% IN 2006)
•WOMEN•8% IN 2008(6% IN 2006)
•AGE •16-24:
•8% IN 2008 (8% IN 2006)•25-69:
•6% IN 2008 (4% IN 2006)•70+:
•1% IN 2008 (1% IN 2006)
Who’s Doing It? Observation Data
Total Drivers Distracted Drivers
N N %
Total 281,666 25,641 9%
Drivers by Sex
Male 205,689 18,611 9%
Female 71,948 6,936 10%
Drivers by Age Group
<20 28,237 3,370 12%
20-29 68,997 6,672 10%
30-39 49,696 4,307 9%
40-49 50,184 4,240 8%
50-59 37,577 3,073 8%
60-69 20,829 1,785 9%
70+ 21,505 2,055 10%
Drivers by Vehicle Type
Passenger Car 117,825 10,394 9%
Light Truck 108,261 10,697 10%
Large Truck 23,084 1,854 8%
Motorcycle 24,445 2,200 9%
Bus 1,383 83 6%
Who’s Doing It? (FARS)
Total Crashes Distraction Crashes
(N=187,796) (N=24,588)
N % N %
DAY OF WEEK
Sunday 30,679 16% 3,884 16%
Monday 23,369 12% 3,171 13%
Tuesday 22,402 12% 3,045 12%
Wednesday 23,185 12% 3,116 13%
Thursday 24,091 13% 3,196 13%
Friday 29,527 16% 3,841 16%
Saturday 34,514 18% 4,325 18%
TIME OF DAY
0-3am 24,265 13% 2,783 11%
3-6am 15,387 8% 1,797 7%
6-9am 18,269 10% 2,608 11%
9-noon 18,030 10% 2,820 11%
noon-3pm 24,354 13% 3,748 15%
3-6pm 30,072 16% 4,262 17%
6-9pm 29,389 16% 3,436 14%
9-midnight 26,476 14% 3,005 12%
Unknown 1,554 1% 129 1%
When? FARS 2004-2008
•Difficult to accurately determine driver distraction as a contributing factor in a crash. •Investigating officers typically do not report the occurrence of a distracting activity unless there is direct evidence.•Drivers don’t admit it…•The incidence of distraction among crash-involved drivers is underestimated in crash studies.
•Differences in methodology and definitions of distraction.•Different results and conclusions.
Data Concerns
Connecticut Answers the Call…
• An RFP was announced through GHSA for the NHTSA Distracted Driving Enforcement Pilot Project.
• CT DOT Application Process.
• CT and NY were selected-WHY?
• Timeline.
Enforcement: City Selection:
Regional collaboration
data driven
performance based
Diverse demographics
Manpower issues
Enforcement Concerns
• No historical data.
• Crash reports.
• Ability to track reports.
25
Crash Reporting
• Amend the PR-1 crash reports to include the Traffic Unit and the distracted driving attribute that applies.
• 1.Not Distracted• 2.Electronic communication device• 3.Other electronic device (GPS,DVD)• 4.Outside the vehicle• 5.Inside the vehicle• 6. Unknown
Enforcement Daily Reporting SheetsType of Enforcement Number of CITATIONS
OR ARRESTSNumber of Warnings
Cell Phone
Texting
Distracted Driving
Seat Belt
Child Restraint
DUI/DUI Related
Speed
Suspended Licenses
Uninsured Motorists
Reckless Driver
Other Traffic (Describe in Space below)
Non-traffic Violations / Criminal specify
Stolen Vehicles
Fugitives Apprehended
Drugs
27
Law Enforcement Training
• Roll Call (Video)
• Pamphlets
• Peer Pressure
• Media training
Key Talking Points• What Is Distracted Driving?• How Serious Is the Distracted Driving Problem?• What Is NHTSA Doing To Combat This Problem? Why Were
Connecticut and New York Selected?• What will the Campaign Look Like?• How Will The Campaign Be Evaluated?• What Will Law Enforcement Agencies Be Doing To Promote Officer
Compliance with the Cell Phone Law?• How Will the Campaign Be Paid For?• How Much Revenue Do You Estimate This Campaign Will Generate
For The Cities Involved? • What Can the Public Do To Reduce Distracted Driving and Support
This Campaign?• What Can Parents Do to Keep Their Teens Safe From The Risks of
Driving Distracted?
Press Conference
Media
• Target Areas
• Media market
• Slogans
– Federal slogan
– Earned media
Media
34
Media: Earned and Paid
• Paid Media– Advertising Campaign – Digital Billboards
• Earned Media
Enforcement Activity
Wave 1 All Agency Enforcement Citations
TOTAL ACTIVITY DEDICATED AND NON-DEDICATED HOURS
Citation or Arrest 4/10 4/11 4/12 4/13 4/14 4/15 4/16 TotalCell Phone
206 156 276 319 387 267 719 2330Texting
3 2 3 0 5 3 256 272Distracted Driving
1 1 0 1 2 0 4 9Seat Belt
25 51 87 38 21 17 33 272Child Restraint
0 3 0 0 1 1 10 15DUI/DUI Related
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6Speed
1 1 9 1 1 2 9 24Suspended Licenses
7 5 2 10 1 5 30 60Uninsured Motorists
1 0 1 0 1 1 29 33Reckless Driver
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1Other Traffic (Describe in Space below)
33 65 63 70 53 56 284 624Non-traffic Violations / Criminal specify
1 0 2 0 0 1 14 18Stolen Vehicles
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1Fugitives Apprehended
0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7Drugs
0 0 0 1 0 0 3 4TOTALS
278 284 443 440 472 354 1405 3676
Demo Evaluation
•4 HVE WAVES IN EACH STATE IN JUST ABOUT 1 YEAR• APRIL 2010, JULY 2010, OCTOBER 2010, MARCH/APRIL 2011
•EARNED AND PAID MEDIA GENERALLY START ABOUT 1 WEEK BEFORE AND RUN INTO THE ENFORCEMENT
•PRE DATA COLLECTION (OBSERVATIONS AND MEDIA AWARENESS SURVEYS) STARTS ABOUT 1 WEEK PRIOR TO THE START OF ANY MEDIA
•POST DATA COLLECTION (OBSERVATIONS AND MEDIA AWARENESS SURVEYS) STARTS DURING THE LAST FEW DAYS OF ENFORCEMENT
Demo Evaluation
DATA ELEMENTS•ENFORCEMENT DATA:
• CITATIONS• TYPE OF ENFORCEMENT (SA PATROL, SPOTTERS ETC)
•MEDIA DATA:• STRENGTH AND PENETRATION OF MEDIA BUY
•(HOW MANY PEOPLE HEARD IT)• EARNED MEDIA: NUMBER OF NEWS ARTICLES
•CRASH DATA: YES• CHANGE IN PR1 TO INCLUDE DISTRACTION CATEGORIES:
1=NOT DISTRACTED2=ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION DEVICE3=OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICE4=OTHER INSIDE THE VEHICLE5=EXTERNAL DISTRACTION6=UNKNOWN
Design: Observations• Locations around Hartford (Hartford, East
Hartford, West Hartford) and Fairfield County
(Stamford, Bridgeport—comparison).
• 15 observation sites per location. Sites selected
based on:
– High traffic volume
– Geographic dispersity
• 1 hour at traffic lighted intersections of the green
light traffic
• Observed hand held use, blue tooth use, and manipulating devices.
Design: Awareness Surveys
• New Britain, Wethersfield (Hartford Area) Norwalk,
Bridgeport (comparison)
• Pre n ≈ 1,000; post 2 n ≈500*
• 1 page survey
* 1st and last (Post wave 4) waves will be n = 1,000
Results: Hand-held Observations
6.2%6.8%
4.2%
7.1%6.6%
5.9%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
Early Pre Pre Post
Per
cen
tage
usi
ng
Han
d H
eld
Hartford Area
Control Areas
Results: Public Awareness
3.7
8.7
5.2
4.6
2.7
4.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Hartford Area Bridgeport Norwalk
% Always Talk on Hand Held Phone
Results: Awareness
15
2324
2120
22
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Hartford Area Bridgeport Norwalk
% Always/Nearly Always Chance of getting a Ticket
Results: Awareness
2.5
10
0.5
6.7
0.8
1.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Hartford Area Bridgeport Norwalk
% Yes--Seen or Heard about Cell Phone Enforcement
Results: Awareness
5
32
6
12
5
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Hartford Area Bridgeport Norwolk
% Yes -Phone in One Hand-Ticket in the Other
Results: Awareness
2.5
10
0.5
6.7
0.8
1.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Hartford Area Bridgeport Norwalk
% Got Ticket in Past Month
Results: Awareness
39
64
34
49
40 39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Hartford Area Bridgeport Norwalk
% Very Strict/Strict (Police Enforce Cell Phone)
Conclusions
Cell phone ticketing was great.
Observation data show a decrease in use.
Awareness data show people got the message.
There was an increase in: message
recognition, perceived strictness of
enforcement, those who got a ticket, and those
who heard of enforcement.
Questions?