dissertation proposal ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Graduate School of Public Administration(GSPA)
National Institute of Public Administration(NIDA)
Dissertation Topic:
Transformational Leadership, Learning OrganizationalCulture and Employee Involvement Climate to Effective
Organization: A Study of Employee Perspectives within ThePTT Group
9900: Dissertation Seminar
Course Director: Prof. Sombat Thamrongthanyawong
Presented by: Watit Intuluck, ID # 5410131005
My advisor: Asso. Prof. Chindalak Vadhanasindhu, Phd.
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Table of Content
ContentsIntroduction Background
Problem Statement
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Definitions of Terms
Structure of the dissertation
Theory
The concept and meaning of OE The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses
Method Research design
Unit of Analysis
Population, Sample size and Sampling
methods
Operational Definition
Reliability and validity
Construct validity
Content validity
Data Collection
Data Analysis Ethical Considerations
References
Appendices
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Background
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Background An entire society is more competitive.
Organization try to remain survival by many tools.
Reducing cost, increasing effectiveness, speedingprocess times and improving decision- making
Learning organization it has been paid attention by researchers and
considered it as a new form of public management
(NPM)
Many companies from both private and public have
adopted this culture such as
Advance Agro Company Limited, Toyota motor
PTT Public Company Limited
Thai Public Organization Due to a dynamic global environment, public
organization needs to become more effective
The National Economic and Social Development
Plans have been initiated to improve publicorganizations.
1stPlanthe basic infrastructure
3rdPlanpublic organization concerns
6thPlanmanagement tools (down-sizing)
8thPlanlearning organization
9
th
Plan
good governance 10thPlanSufficiency Economy
As the result, many government agencies have been
established such as Office of the Public Sector
Development Commission, Office of the Civil
Service Commission along with others.
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Background
The State Enterprises Policy Office (SEPO) Due to the Asian Crisis (1997), SEPO was
established to manage state-owned companies.
Organizational Effectiveness After the Crisis, Organizational Effectiveness is
considered as a part of good governance
Many papers have been studied regarding various
factors influencing organizational effectiveness
Such as employee satisfaction, learning organization,
leadership
Campbell 1974; Smart 1997; Koys 2001; Yukl 2008
Leadership Private organizations tend to do better than Public
ones
The reason is that even though there is a plenty of
skilled people in public organizations, there is stilllack of leadership, suitable climate
While a large number of papers on organizational
effectiveness, the study on learning organization
and effectiveness is limited
(Georgopoulos& Tannenbaum 1957; Judge 1994;Armstrong 2009; Shipton 2000)
Even a smaller number of the studies in cases of
Thai State owned Enterprises
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
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Problem Statement
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Drucker (1990) In developed countries, public institutions are seen as
a growth industry.
Public activities have increased due to the changing
environment
Internal challengescustomer-driven needs, limited
resources, rapid changing customer needs
Senge (1990) Organization that can respond to the changing nature
of work and authority relationship are learningorgnaizations.
Example, Thongwang (2010)
National Science and Technology Development
Agency (NSTDA)Learning organization
However, lack of teamwork, inappropriate
organizational climate,
State-Owned Enterprises 50 % or more of its values is owned by Government
About 3,709 Mil baht of revenue (2012)
Approximately 1.67 trillion baht of assets (2010)
It becomes important instrument in economic
development.
About 55 state enterprises within 9 sectors
The energy sector is the most profitable
PTT was ranked the first in terms of profitability
and innovation
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Research Questions &
Significance of the study
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Aim of the study to find the relationship between transformational
leadership behaviors, learning organization culture,
employee involvement climate and organizational
effectiveness based on employee perspective
Research question
What is the relationship between transformational
leadership and organizational effectiveness?
What is the relationship between learning
organization culture and organizationaleffectiveness?
What is the indirect relationship between
transformational leadership behavior, learning
organization, employee involvement climate and
organizational effectiveness?
Significance of the study The study provides theoretical knowledge regarding
transformational leadership behavior, learning
organization, employee involvement climate and
organizational effectiveness
The finding will assist the organization to achieve
its goals by creating framework that shows the
relationship among these variables
It helps to develop appropriate strategies for other
companies which are in crisis to reach their goals.
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Problem Statement
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chanabhorn (2013) Three state enterprises; PTT, MEA, MWA
The study implies that leaders lack of knowledge
transfer.
The study suggests that information about
organizational culture, performance, environment
and work related climate have been overlooked
PTT Group
1.5 trillion baht of assets
37,385.18 million baht of profit
Due to Oil spill crisis, the organizational leaders
have to restore its reputation and prevent it to
happen again
While researchers paid attention on the characteristics of
transformational leadership, learning organization,
employee involvement climate and organizational
effectiveness, the research on the relationship between
these variables together is limited.
(Green 1996; Penn 1991; Powell 1987)
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The scope and limitation
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2 Chapter 3
Scope of population
The employees of PTT group
Supervisory level
Middle management level
Operational level
The proportionate stratified random sampling
four main sectors; There are
- Natural gas
- Oil
- Petrochemical business
- Others
Scope of context
The subject of the study are asked the questions
regarding transformational leadership, learning
organization, employee involvement climate andorganizational effectiveness
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Definition of Terms
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2 Chapter 3
Leadership
is the process of influencing others to understand
and agree about what needs to be done and how to
do it, and the process of facilitating individual and
collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.
This study focuses on transformational leadership
which divided the role of leadership into
transformation, transaction and laissez-faire
components
Transactional Leadership
Refers to leader-follower exchanges necessary forachieving routine performance agreed upon
between leaders and followers.
Transformational Leadership
Is characterized by the ability to bring about
significant change.
Including ability to lead changes in the
organizations vision, strategy, culture andinnovation
Laissez-Faire Leadership
Refers to behavior that abdicates responsibilities
and avoids making decisions.
Learning organization
Refers to the ability of a workforce in an
organization to learn faster than those in other
organizations constitute the only sustainable
competitive advantage
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Definition of Terms
Topics: Chapter 1
Background
Problem statement
Research Questions
Significance of the study
The Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Structure of the Dissertation
Chapter 2 Chapter 3
Employee Involvement Climate
Refers to the degree to which individual at all level
are truly engaged in and are positioned to help the
business succeed.
Organizational Effectiveness
Refers to an organizations ability to provide
imported resources retain internal systems (internal
focus) and successful relationship with the
organizational environment (external focus)
Structure of Dissertation Proposal
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This section will be discussed as follows:
1. The concept and meaning of organizational effectiveness
2. The concept and meaning of leadership theories
3. The concept and meaning of learning organization
4. The concept and meaning of organizational climate
5. Relevant literature and research on multidimensional measures6. Theoretical framework of the study
7. Summary, conceptual framework and proposed hypotheses
Literature Review
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
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The concept and meaning of OE
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
The concept of organizational effectiveness is one
of the most complex issues in organizational
management literature. The difficulties are ranging
from finding an appropriate definition toselecting criteria of effectiveness.
The definition in one setting and one set of criteria
may not apply to another setting (Georgopoulos &
Tannenbaum, 1957).. Therefore, there are several
definitions from various scholars that have both
similarities and dissimilarities.
Georgopoulos & Tannenbaum (1957) defines
organizational effectiveness as the degree to which
an organization that is perceived as a social system
fulfills its objectives without incapacitating its
means and resources.
Moreover, Katz and Khan (1971) define it in
terms of maximization of return to society and the
survival and growth of state enterprise.
Similarly, Price (1972) who refers it to the
maximization of return to the organization by
economic and technical means, and by political
means, or the return to society in a higher view.
Pfeffer and Salancik (1982) defined it as the
ability of organization in creating acceptable
outcomes and actions..
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The concept and meaning
of LT
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Leadership Definition
There are about 35,000 definitions of leadership in
the literature (Pye, 2005 cited in Western, 2007) .
The process of influencing other tounderstand and agree about what needs to
be done and how to do it, and the process of
facilitating individual and collective efforts
to accomplish shared objectives
(Schermerhorn, J. R. et al., 2008).
an influencing relationship among leaders and
their followers who need real changes and
outcomes that reflect their shared purpose within
an environment.(Daft, 2011)
Leadership Definition
There are about 35,000 definitions of leadership in
the literature (Pye, 2005 cited in Western, 2007) .
In the field of leadership study, there is no
leadership theory can rightfully claim
comprehensive treatment of the entire
domain of leadership phenomena
(Jago, 1982).
T i
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The concept and meaning
of LT
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Leadership Theories Group
Several scholars have presented different key
streams of leadership theories.
(Day & Antonakin, 2012; Heifetz, 1994).
Firstly,the characteristics of leader as referred to a
great man are concerned in the trait school
during the 20th century (e.g. Mann, 1959;
Stogdill, 1948; Bass, 1990).
The second schoolis the behavioral school whichbehavioral styles of leaders are focused
(e.g. Lewin & Lippitt, 1938; Stogdill & Coons, 1957;
Katz, Maccoby, Gurin & Floor, 1951).
Leadership Theories Group
Thirdly, the contingency school highlights that the
appropriate style of leader is depended on the
requirements of the specific situation
(e.g. Fiedler, 1967, 1971; Kerr & Jermier, 1978).
The fourth streamis the relational school which
focuses more on the relationship between
leaders and followers
(e.g. Dansereau, Graen & Haga, 1975; Graen & Uhl-
Bien, 1995).
The recent streamof leadership theories is the new
leadership school
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The concept and meaning
of LT
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Trait School of Leadership The scientific study of leadership has begun to take
place.
The influence came from the work of Galton
(1869), who has identified characteristics,qualities of individuals who would later be
leaders or the great man in the future
(Zaccaro, S. J., 2007). Mann (1959) and
Stogdill (1948) identified personal traits
Behavioral School of Leadership
The extension of trait approach failed to satisfymany scholars in the field.
Scholars tended to pay more attention on leaders
behaviors rather than traits of leader in which can
be accessible (Daft, 1999)
There are case studies of Ohio State University and
University of Michigan
Contingency School of Leadership This school of leadership study seeks to involve
characteristics andbehaviorsleader and situational
factors in relating to achievements and outcomes.
Fiedler is the one of major movers in this schoolthrough his works in 1967 and 1971.
The model developed by Fiedler allows leaders to
diagnose both leadership style and organizational
situation called Fiedlerscontingency model.
The New Leadership School Based on the works of Burn, 1978 and House,
1977, Bass has developed the framework that
focuses on both transformational and transactional
leadership
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The concept and meaning
of LT
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Bernard Bass (1985) suggests eight dimensions to
measure both transformational leadership and
transactional leadership.
Transformational leadercan be measured by four
dimensions including facilitator role, mentor role,
innovator role and broker role.
Transactional leader can be measured by four
dimensions namely monitor role, coordinator role,
producer role and director role
(Schermerhorn et al., 2008, p.258)
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The concepts and meaning
of LO
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Learning Organization Organizational scholars have paid attention on
conceptualization of the learningorganization by
defining, identifying and describing it such as
Senge, 1990;Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995; Marquardt
& Reynold, 1994; Garvin, 1993).
First Senge (2006) defined as a learning
organization as where people continually expand
their capacity to create the results they truly desire
and where people are continually learning how to
learn together.
Similarly to Guthrie (1996) who defined it as an
organization where through learning individuals
are continually re-perceiving and reinterpreting
their world and their relationship to it.
Learning Organization It is in line with Garvin (1993) who also defined it
asorganizational skilled at creating, acquiring,
and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its
behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.
In Thailand, Panich (2002)also gives a definition
of learning organization that the concept of
organizational development that emphasizes the
leadership and team learning enabling knowledge
transfer and learning organization is a dynamic
process that allows organization to obtain
effectiveness.
In this study, learning organization is referred to
the ability of a workforce in an organization to
learn faster than those in other organizations
constitute the only sustainable competitive
advantage.
Topics:
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The concept and meaning
of OC
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Organizational Climate
Ekvall (1996) defined climate as an
organization attribution, feelings and
behaviors which characterizes life in the
organization.
Schneider, Brief & Guzzo (1996) defined as
a mutually agreed internal environmental
description of an organizations practices
and procedures.
Organizational Climate
Similar to Forehand & Gilmer (1964)
defined as a set of characteristics that
describe the organization and distinguish it
from other organizations
Rodrigues & Gowda (2011) identified
organizational climate components that a
mixture of norms, values, expectations,
policies and procedures.
Employee Involvement Climate Refers to the degree to which individual at all level are truly engaged in and are positioned to help the business
succeed.
Based on Dension, 1996, it comprises of three components;
Empowerment
Team orientation
Capability Development
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ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS MEASURES
Barnards work (1938)who focuses on the
accomplishment of a single objective
Price (1972)who extends to measure multiple
goals
Campbell (1977) offers 30 measures of
organizational effectiveness
including overall effectiveness, productivity,
efficiency, profit, quality, accidents, growth,
absenteeism, turnover, job satisfaction etc.
Cameron (1978)added many criteria for
measuring effectiveness in school including
organization criteria namely goals, outputs,
resource acquisition and internal processes
Relevant Literature and
MeasuresTopics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS MEASURES
The first model consists of four components including
production or output, commitment, leadership and
interpersonal conflict (Bhargava & Sinha, 1992).
The second model offers eleven key processes that
contribute to organizational effectiveness namely
organizational survival, maximization of return,
self-regulation, and internal-external boundary
permeability, sensitivity, flexibility, adaptability
and efficiency, etc. (Ridley & Mendoza, 1993).
The third model focuses the six indicators of
organizational effectiveness including management
experience, organizational structure, political
impact, board of directors involvement etc.
The last model, The criteria are grouped into three basic
dimensions
The competing Value
Framework
(Quinn & Rohrbaugh 1983)
1. organizational focus2. flexibility
3. means and ends
Topics:
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Relevant Literature and
Measures
LPC Questions
Friendly-Unfriendly
Cooperative-Uncooperative
Efficient-Inefficient
High score close
interpersonal
Low task orientated
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
LEADERSHIP MEASURES
There are commonly used measures for
explaining leadership including the Leader
Behavior Description Questionnaire
(LBDQ), the Supervisory Behavior
Description (SBD),the Least-preferred co-
worker scale (LPC), the Multifactor
Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and the
Global Transformational Leadership (GTL).
The LPC scale is developed by Fiedlerswork to measure apersonsleadership Style.
Participants are asked to rate the series of
bipolar adjective scales.
LEADERSHIP MEASURES
MLQ scale is one of the accepted
instruments that have been commonly used
by previous studies for assessing of nonprofitleadership.
The scaleis used to measure a wide range of
leadership types based on a full range
assessment of these leadership factors
Topics:
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Relevant Literature and
MeasuresTopics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
LEADERSHIP MEASURES
Bass & Avolio (1990)suggest there are somecharacteristics
Characteristics of transformational leader are:
Idealized influence characteristic 10 items
Inspiration motivation 10 items
Intellectual stimulation 10 items
Individualized consideration 10 items
Characteristics of transactional leader are:
Contingent reward 9 items
Management by exception (active) 7 items
Management by exception (passive) 7 items
Laissez-faire 8 items
Idealized influencebehavior that provides
vision and sense of mission, instills pride,
gains respect and trust
Inspiration motivationbehavior that
communicates high expectations, uses symbols
to focus efforts and expresses important
purposes in simple ways.
Intellectual stimulationleaders behavior
that promotes intelligence, rationality, andcareful problem solving.
Individualized considerationbehavior that
gives personal attention, treats each employee
individually and coaches as well as advises.
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Relevant Literature and
Measures
Contingent rewardbehavior that can
contract exchange of rewards for effort,
promise rewards for good performance and
recognize accomplishments.
Management by exception (active)
behavior that watches and searches for
deviations from rules and standards, and takes
corrective actions.
Management by exception (passive)
behavior that intervenes only if standards are
not met.
Laissez-fairebehavior that abdicates
responsibilities and avoids making decisions.
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Relevant Literature and
MeasuresTopics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
LEARNING ORGANIZATION MEASURES
Peter Senge (1990)identifies a set of principles of learning
organization including team learning, shared vision,
mental model, Personal mastery and system
thinking.
Learning approach identifies eleven areas including
strategy, participative policy making, informating,
formative accounting and control, internal exchange,
reward flexibility, enabling structures (Pedler,
Burgoyne & Boydell , 1991).
LEARNING ORGANIZATION MEASURES
Strategic perspective suggests five core strategic building
blocks including clarity and support for mission and
vision, shared leadership and involvement, a culture
that encourages experimentation, ability to transferknowledge across organization and teamwork and
cooperation
In integrative model, Seven dimensions of a learning
organization are identified including continuous
learning, inquiry and dialogue, team learning,
empowerment, embedded system, system
connection and strategic leadership.
Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ)
Topics:
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ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE MEASURES
Relevant Literature and
MeasuresTopics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE MEASURES
Relevant Literature and
Measures
Involvementemployees commitment, sense of ownership, team
orientation and empowerment.
Consistencythe existence of organizational systems and processes thatpromote alignment and efficiency
Adaptabilitycapacity of organization to change in response to external
conditions
Missionthe extent to which an organization is clear on knowing why it
exists and where it is headed
Topics: Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Summary
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
p Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Summary
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
p Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Summary
The Moderating Effects
- Smith-Crowe et al., (2003)
- Hofmann and his colleagues (2003)
- Wei & Morgan (2004).
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
Organizational involvement climate as amoderator shows that the relationships
between selected variables and a
dependent variable become stronger
when organizational climate is moresupportive or positive
p Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
p Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
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Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
Topics:
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Hypotheses
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3
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Chapter 3:
Research Method
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Research methods chapter
is the next step that intends to provide the
information about the procedures used for
accomplishing this dissertation.
This chapterbegins with a description of research
process ranging from.
research design, unit of analysis, detailed
information about quantitative methods including
population, sample size, sampling method,
operational definition, measurement, data collection
procedure and instrument and data analysis utilized
throughout this study.
Research design
serves as the architectural blueprint of a research
project. It links design, data collection, and analysis
activities to the research questions (Bickman &
Rog, 2009).
This study a quantitative research in design
which relies on the collection and analysis of data
collected through questionnaires.
To explore both direct and indirect relationships
between transformational leadership scores,
learning organization culture, organizational
climate and organizational effectiveness.
the MLQ, the DLOQ, the DOCQ and the CVF
Bivariate and Multivariate statistical techniques
Topics: Ch 1
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Unit of Analysis
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
The unit of analysis refers to the most basic element of research project
that includes the major subjects of the study.
The unit of analysis can be identified as individual
level, group level and organizational level.
The primary aim of the study is to shed light on
whether transformational leadership behavior,
learning organization culture and organizational
climate have an effect on organizational
effectiveness based on employee perspective in
PTT Group . Therefore, the level of the analysis is
an individual level.
Population The study aims to investigate the relationships
between transformational leadership behaviors,
learning organization culture, organizational
climate and organizational effectiveness in PTT
Group based on employee perspective
Thus, the target population of the study will
comprise of 4,228 PTTsemployees ranging from
normal employees and secondmental employees
within 49 PTTsaffiliated companies
Which are divided into 4 main sectors;Natural gas
Oil
Petrochemical business
Other related business
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Population and Sample
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Sample Size Full-time staff including normal and secondment
staff are the selected population
Yamane formula suggests 366 participants plus 10
percent of sampling error, thus the total of 403respondents
Sampling Methods Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling
Method
Refers to the sample selected is in proportion to the
size of each stratum in the population
Sample size according to each PTT sector
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition
The operational definitions of all selected variables
are presented in table 3.1. Organizational
effectiveness is treated as the dependent variable,
While the independent variables are
transformational leadership behaviors, learning
organizational culture and employee involvement
climate is a moderator
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition of Dependent variable
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition of Dependent variable
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition of Independent variable
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Topics: Chapter 1
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition of Independent variable
Topics: Chapter 1
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition of Independent variable
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Operational Definition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsOperational Definition of Independent variable
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Reliability and Validity
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations The tools
used in this study are well developed by scholars.
The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ;
Bass & Avolio, 1990),
The Dimensions of the Learning Organization
Questionnaire (DLOQ; Watkins & Marsick, 1993),
The Dimensions of Organizational Culture/Climate
Survey (DOCS; Denison et al., 1996),
The competing values framework (CVF; Quinn &
Rohrbaugh , 1983; Kalliath et al., 1999)
All parts will be measured by 7-point Likert scales
(1 equal to strongly disagree, 7 equal to strongly agree).
Permission from the authors of these instruments may
be required
Pretest
the pretest will assist researcher to obtain a reliable
questionnaire by informing researcher as to what
need to be changed in the elements of questionnaire
(Gray, 2009). In conducting pretest, 30 samples willbe selected to test the reliability.
All the scale questions will be tested by using
Cronbach alpha, a well developed statistical test for
measuring reliability of the scale.
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Reliability and Validity
p
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations Validity and Reliability
According to Pallant (2007), the validity of scale
refers to the degree to which it measures what it is
supposed to measure while reliability of scale
indicates how free it is from random error that will
yield consistent results.
For the reliability test,
Nunnally (1978 cited in Pallant, 2007)
suggests a test of Cronbach alpha which
should have a minimum level of 0.7 values.
Validity and Reliability
For the validity tests,
Content validity the degree to which a
measure or scale represents all facets of a
given domain of content.
Construct validity the measurement of
abstract concepts and traits whether they
have a consistent manner among multiple
indicators.
D t C ll ti dTopics: Chapter 1
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Data Collection and
Data Analysis
p
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical ConsiderationsData Collection Method and Instrument
The data used in this study will be collected based
on Cross-Sectional approach which will take
place during February-May 2014. In collecting
data process, this study will involve three steps.
Firstly, the research will be sent to the committee
for approval and the official letters from both the
school and the PTT Public Company Limited will
be requested.
Secondly, the list of potential respondents will be
made.
Finally, all questionnaires will be distributed to
selected PTTs affiliated companies and the
monitoring procedures will be set.
Data Analysis
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)
program will be used to analyze both descriptive
and inferential statistics.
In terms of descriptive statistics, the study will
describe either the characteristics of a sample or the
relationship among variables in a sample (Babbie,
2010).
It includes frequency, percentage, mean and
standard deviation of a sample. To address the
hypotheses of the study, correlation coefficients
and Multiple Regressions will be utilized to test
the relationship between two variables and to
determine the predictor for organizational
effectiveness regarding the independent variables.
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Data analysis
Data Analysis (Contd)
Another issue concerned in the data analysis part is about the statistical
assumptions including missing data, outliers, normality, homoscedasticity,linearity, multicollinearityand independence of observation.
The violation of these assumptions cannot lead the study to generate valid
conclusions.
p
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
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Ethical Considerations Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Research Design
Unit of Analysis
Population and Sample
Operational Definition
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations First
Consent letter will be made and sent to respondents
or their superior before interviewing period
Second
The purposes of the study will be clearly informed
to each respondents and written in the first part of
all questionnaires
The voluntary of respondents will also be
considered In collecting data
The certain types of information such as material
status, income or even age and the like will be
regarded as confidential and sensitive, then they
will be carefully used to avoid the matter of
invasion of privacy
Incentive will be provided to respondents who are
willing to share information as they are giving their
time
Issue related to researcher
Bias on the part of research will be regarded as an
unethical practice:
Selecting a highly biased sample
Using an inappropriate instrument
Drawing wrong conclusion
Potential use of the information will be
Informed to avoid adverse effect
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Tentative Schedule
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Thank you and comments
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Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses
Chapter 2
The concept and meaning of OE
The concept and meaning of LT
The concept and meaning of LO
The concept and meaning of OC
Relevant Literature and Measures
Theoretical Framework and
Hypotheses Chapter 3