display of information: design, fonts, graphs · display of information: design, fonts, graphs dr...
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Display of Information:Design, Fonts, Graphs
Dr Hugh CrumleyCenter for Instructional Technology
Original
Proximity
Alignment
Contrast
Repetition
Design Principles
• Contrast make different• Repetition parallel elements• Alignment strong lines, don’t center• Proximity use whitespace
Williams, R. Non-designer’s Design Book
Fonts
Serif Sans serif
UPPER CASE
• Use sparingly for short phrases• NOT READABLE; LIKE SHOUTING• Titles: Capitalize the Content Words
Graphs: Data to Ink Ratio
• Show max data: erase non-data ink• Show min furniture & chartjunk• Use whitespace
Graph: Inches of Rainfall
• Pie• Radar• Bar• Line
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug…
1 5 3 6 5 6 10 9…
Excel Bar Graph
Janu
ary
Mar
ch
May
July
Sep
tem
ber
Nov
embe
r S102468
1012
Month
Inches of Rain
Rainfall in 2001
Excel Pie Graph
Rainfall in 2001
1 53
6
5
6
109
11
62 2
JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
Excel Radar Graph
Rainfall in 2001
0
5
10
15January
February
March
April
May
JuneJuly
August
September
October
November
December
Series1
Excel Line Graph
Rainfall in 2001
02468
1012
Janu
aryFeb
ruary
March
April
MayJu
ne July
Augus
tSep
tembe
rOcto
ber
Novembe
rDece
mber
Month
Inch
es o
f rai
n
Improved BarInches of Rainfall in 2001
1
5
3
65
6
109
11
6
2 2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
New & Improved BarInches of Rainfall in 2001
1
5
3
65
6
109
11
6
2 2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Tasks in Perception
• Angle (or slope)• Area• Color hue/saturation• Length• Position along a common scale• Position along identical, nonaligned scales• Volume
Tasks in Perception
• Position along a common scale • Position along identical, nonaligned scales • Length• Angle (or slope)• Area• Volume• Color hue/saturation
Distance!
ReferencesDickison, M. (2008.) Goose & swan graphics from
http://www.numberpix.com/Becker R. and Cleveland, W. (1996). S-Plus Trellis
Graphic User’s Manual. Mathsoft , Inc., Seattle, WA and Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ.
Robbins, Naomi B. 2005. Creating More Effective Graphs. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Tufte, Edward R. [1983] (2001). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, 2nd Edition. Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT.
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