disorders of psychological development

8/13/2019 Disorders of Psychological Development

1/22

DISORDERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL

DEVELOPMENT

1. Specific development disorders of speech &

language2. Specific development disorders of scholastic

skills

3. Specific development disorders of motor

function

4. Pervasive development : Childhood Autism


2/22

1. Specific development disorders of

speech & language

1.1.Specific speech articulation disorders

Speech sounds below the appropriate

level of mental age

- Miss articulated : r, sh, th, f, z, l.

- Severe : b, m, t, d, n, h.

1.2. Expressive language disorders

Verbal or sign language below age level

Language understanding skills : intact

1.3. Receptive language disordersUnderstanding of language < appropriate mental age

Expressive language : disturbed abnormalities in word

sound


3/22


scholastic skills

2.1. Specific reading disorder

The development of reading skills :

impairment- - Reading word recognation

- - Reading comprehensive skill

- - Oral reading skill

2.2. Specific disorder of arithmetical skillsimpairment in : - mathematical skills

- attentional skills


4/22


motor function

Performance in daily activities that required motor

coordination :


5/22

4. Childhood Autism

Infantile autism

Autistic disorder

Kanners autism

Characterized abnormal development :

Social interaction

CommunicationRestricted repertoire of activities and

interests


6/22

Impairment in social interaction >=2 of

the following

1. Marked impairment in the use of multiplenon-verbal behaviors: eye-to- eye gaze,fascial expression, body posture, gestures

to regulate social interaction2. Failure to develop peer relationships

apropriate to developmental level

3. A lack of spontaneous seeking to share

enjoyment, interest, and or achievementwith other people (e.g lack of showing,bringing, pointing out object of interest

4. Lack of social or emotional reciprocity


7/22

Impairment in communication : >=1of the following

1. Delay or total lack of development of

spoken language

2. Marked impairement in the ability to initiate

or sustain a conversation with others

3. Stereotyped and repetitive use of language

or idiosynctratie language


8/22

Non-functional routines or rituals

Stereotype and repetitive motor mannerism

(hand/finger flapping or twisting, complexwhole body movement)

Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects

Restricted repetitive and stereotypedpatterns of behavior, interest andactivities


9/22

Hyperkinetic disorderAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

The essential feature: A persistent pattern of

In attention

Hyperactivity Impulsivity

Must be present in >=2 settings/ situation

before age of 7 yrs


10/22

Inattention>= 6 of the following symptoms, >= 6 months

1) Often fails to give close attention to details, or makes carelesserrors in schoolwork, work, or other activities

2) Often fails to sustain attention in tasks or play activities

3) Often appears not to listen to what is being said to him or her

4) Often fails to follow through on instruction or to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not because ofoppositional behavior or failure to understand instruction)

5) Is often impaired in organizing tasks activities

6) Often avoid or strongly dislikes tasks, such as homework, that

require sustained mental effort7) Often loses things necessary for certain task or activities, suchas school assignment, pencils, books, toys, or tools

8) Is often easily destracted by external stimuli

9) Is often forgetful in the course of daily activity


11/22

Hyperactivity>=3 of the following symptoms, >= 6 months

1. Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms on seat

2. Leaves seat in classroom or in other situation in whichremaining seated ins expected

3. Often runs about or climb excessively in situation inwhich it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adult, onlyfeelings of restlessness may be present)

4. Is often unduly noisy in playing or has difficulty inengaging quietly in leisure activities

5. Exhibits a persistent pattern of excessive motor activitythat is not substantialy modified by social context ordemands


12/22

Impulsivity>= 1 of the following symptoms, >=6 months

1. Often blurts out anwers before questions havebeen completed

2. Often fails to wait in lines or await turns in

games or group situations3. Often interrupts or intrudes on others (eg. Butts

into other conversations or games)

4. Often talks excessively without appropriate

response to social constraints


13/22

CONDUCT DISORDER

Tuti Wahmurti A Sapiie, dr. SpKJ


14/22

The Essential Feature :

A repetitive and persistent pattern of

behavior in which the basic rights ofothers or major age-appropriate societal

norms or rules are violated


15/22

4 Main Groupings :

1. Aggressive that causes / threatensphysical harm to other people / animals.

2. Nonaggressive conduct that causes

property loss or damage.3. Deceitfulness or theft.

4. Serious violations of rules.

Must have been present during the past 12months.

Age : 18 years.


16/22

Diagnostic Criteria for ConductDisorder

A. -A repetitive and persistent pattern

of behavior as manifested by thepresence of 3 / 4 the following criteria.

- 1 criterian in the past 6 months :


17/22

Aggression to people and animals1. Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others.

2. Often initiates physical fights.

3. Has used a weapon than can cause serious physicalharm to others.

4. Has been physically cruel to people.

5. Has been physically cruel to animals.

6. Has stolen while confronting a victim.7. Has forced someone into sexual activity.


18/22

Destruction of property

8. Has deliberately angaged in fire setting with the

intention of causing serious damage.

9. Has deliberately destroyed others property.


19/22

Deceitfulness of Theft

10. Has broken into someone elses house,

building or car.

11. Often lies to obtain goods or to avoid obligations.

12. Has stolen items of nontrivial value withoutconfronting a victim.


20/22

Serious violations of rules

13. Often stays out at night despite

parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years.

14. Has run away from home overnight at least twice

while living in parental or parental surrogate home


21/22

B. The disturbance in behavior causes

clinically significant impairment in

social, academic, or occupational

functioning.

C. If the individual is age 18 years,

criteria are not met for Antisocial

Personality Disorder.


22/22

Terima Kasih

THE END

disorders of psychological development

Documents