Disorder of the Bones and Joints…

Arthritis- inflammation of one or more joints…

Rheumatoid Arthritis chronic, autoimmune disease-joints become swollen and painful, joint deformities common.

Goutusually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis—a red, tender, hot, swollen joint. The metatarsal-phalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is the most commonly affected (approximately 50% of cases).

It is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood Dietary causes account

for about 12% of gout,[2] and include a strong association with the consumption of alcohol, fructose-sweetened drinks, meat, and seafood

TOPHUS

Osteoporosis – 80% of those affected are women. Mineral density of bone is reduced 35% - 65%. The loss of bone mass leaves the bone thinner, porous and more prone to fracture ( on x-ray looks like swiss cheese) prevented by dietary calcium.

Abnormal Curvature of the spine

Kyphosis- hunchback

Lordosis- swayback

Scoliosis-Lateral curvature

fracture sites related to osteoporosis

Trauma Fracture- any break in bone

Closed or simple fracture – bone broken, broken ends do not break the skin

Treatment – closed reduction, cast or splint applied.

Fracture cont. Open or compound

fracture- broken bones pierce the skin and can lead to infection.

Open reduction –surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws to hold the bones in alignment.

Fracture cont… Greenstick – in

children, bone bent and splintered but never completely separates.

Fracture cont… Comminuted –

splintered or broken into many pieces.

Treatment- cast, possible surgery depending how bad the break is.

Traction is the..Pulling force used

to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones.

Dislocation – bone displaced from proper position in joint.

Sprain- sudden or unusual motion, ligaments torn but joint not dislocated.

Rickets

Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium potentially leading to fractures and deformity.

Diagnosis and Treatment Arthroscopy

examination into joint using arthroscope with fiber optic lens, most knee injuries are treated with arthroscopy.

You are the surgeon….

http://www.edheads.org/activities/knee/index.htm

Test your gray matter… Amanda ages her bones will become more porous, lose calcium and phosphorus and be more likely to fracture. This condition is called:

During a fall from a tree, Ted fractured his tibia, and the bone broke through the skin. This type of fracture is known as a?

Suzi injured her ankle while skating. Her x-ray shows no signs of bone abnormality but her doctor feels she had damaged ligaments. Suzi’s diagnosis is a:

Tina fell out of a tree and broke her clavicle. This bone injury is called a:

Poor posture can cause the lumbar spine to become “swaybacked.” The medical term for this condition is:

Mrs. Locklear suffers from painful inflammation of her joints. This condition is known as:

During routine school checkup, it is noted that Susan’s spine is curved from side to side. This is called:

Abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine causes a “hunchback” appearance. This disorder is known as:

The main reason for applying a cast around a fracture is to:

osteoporosis Compound fracture sprain

fracture Lordosis Arthritis

Scoliosis Kyphosis Immobilize the bone

Website for Review http://www.sampson.k12.nc.us/

Countypage/Technology/Hhit/CST4/index.htm

http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm

http://www.edheads.org/activities/knee/index.htm