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Editorial Team :Veer Kumar, Moushumi Chakraborty, Navjyoti Sahoo, Preetima, Sanjeev Kumar Jha, Asim Khan

ContentsSection A : HISTORY

1. Indus Valley Civilization 1-9

2. Vedic Period and Religious Movements 10-26

3. Maurya Period and Post Mauryan Period 27-39

4. Gupta Period and Post Gupta Period 40-66

5. Ancient History (Miscellaneous) 67-72

6. Delhi Sultanate 73-91

7. Mughal Period 92-109

8. Initial Modern History 110-130

9. Indian Freedom Struggle - I (1857-1917) 131-145

10. Indian Freedom Struggle - II (1917-1947) 146-166

Section B : GEOGRAPHY

1. Astronomy 1-6

2. Physical Geography 7-13

3. Economic Geography 14-20

4. World Geography 21-28

5. Geography of India 29-36

Section C : INDIAN POLITY & GOVERNANCE

1. Indian Constitution 1-15

2. Political System 16-26

3. Panchayati Raj and Public Policy 27-33

4. Judiciary 34-40

A-1–A-166

B-1–B-36

C-1–C-40

Section D : ECONOMICS

1. Indian Economy 1-9

2. Planning and Economic Development 10-16

3. Agriculture in Indian Economy 17-22

4. Industry 23-28

5. World Economy 29-34

Section E : GENERAL SCIENCE

1. Physics 1-15

2. Chemistry 16-25

3. Biology (Zoology, Botany, Diseases) 26-59

4. Environment and Ecology 60-68

5. Science and Technology 69-78

Section F : GENERAL AWARENESS

1. Art and Culture 1-5

2. National and International Awards 6-13

3. Books and Authors 14-17

4. Sports and Games 18-23

5. Miscellaneous 24-32

Section G : CURRENT AFFAIRS

1. National Issues 1-11

2. International Issues 12-22

3. Economical Issues 23-28

4. Awards and Honours 29-36

5. Sports and Games 37-45

6. Science and Technology 46-57

7. Miscellaneous 58-64

D-1–D-34

E-1–E-78

F-1–F-32

G-1–G-64

1. Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in: (a) 1911 (b) 1921 (c) 1931 (d) 19412. Almost the people of Indus Valley Civilization

were: (a) Nigroid (b) Proto-Austroloid (c) Mediterranean (d) Nordic3. Which metal was unknown to Indus Valley

Civilization? (a) Gold (b) Silver (c) Copper (d) Iron4. The nature of Indus Valley Civilization was: (a) Urban (b) Rural (c) Agricultural (d) None of these5. Indus Valley Civilization belongs to: (a) Pre-historical (b) Historical period (c) Proto-historical (d) Post-historical6. A statue of bearded man was found at (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Chanhudaro (d) Dholavira7. In Indus Valley Civilization, the script was: (a) Kharosthi (b) Brahmi (c) Boustrophedus (d) None of these8. Which of the following is the latest site found? (a) Dholavira (b) Amri (c) Lothal (d) Kalibangan9. Harappa is located on the bank of river: (a) Indus (b) Ravi (c) Beas (d) Sutlej10. The local name of Mohenjodaro is: (a) Mound of Living (b) Mound of Survivor (c) Mound of Dead (d) Mound of Great

11. Which of the following animals was unknown in Indus Valley Civilization?

(a) Lion (b) Bull (c) Elephant (d) Horse12. Which one of the following Indus Valley

Civilization sites gives evidence of a dockyard? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Lothal (d) Dholavira13. Which one of the following Indus Valley

Civilization sites gives evidence of a stadium? (a) Harappa (b) Kalibangan (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Dholavira14. The people of Indus Valley Civilization usually

built their houses of: (a) Pucca bricks (b) Wood (c) Stone (d) None of these15. A seal depicting Mother Goddess with plant

growing from the womb, has been found from: (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira16. Indus Valley Civilization was discovered by: (a) Dayaram Sahni (b) R.D. Banerji (c) Cunningham (d) Wheeler17. A lot of beads were discovered from: (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Lothal (d) Dholavira18. Almostly, beads were made of: (a) Terracotta (b) Jasper (c) Lapis (d) Steatite19. Which of the following cannot be considered

Proto-Harappan culture? (a) Sothi culture (b) Jornie culture (c) Kot-Diji culture (d) Amri culture

Indus Valley Civilization 1Section A : History

A-2 || Indus Valley Civilization

20. Which of the following showed the greatest uniformity in Indus Civilization settlement?

(a) Town planning (b) Bricks (c) Religious practices (d) Building21. The site of Mohenjodaro is located on the bank of

river: (a) Ravi (b) Beas (c) Indus (d) Sutlej22. The site of Mohenjodaro was discovered by: (a) Dayaram Sahni (b) R.D. Banerji (c) N.G. Majumdar (d) S.R. Rao23. The largest of sites found in post-independence

India in: (a) Rajasthan (b) Gujarat (c) Punjab (d) Haryana24. The best drainage system (water management) in

Indus Valley Civilization was: (a) Harappa (b) Lothal (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan25. The famous dancing girl found in the Mohenjodaro

was made up of: (a) Bronze (b) Red limestone (c) Steatite (d) Terracotta26. The unique structure in Mohenjodaro was: (a) Bathing pool (b) Assembly hall (c) Granary (d) Dockyard27. In which of the following Indus Valley sites the

famous Bull-seal was found? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Lothal (d) Chanhudaro28. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization

site was located on the Iranian border? (a) Surkotada (b) Sutkagen Dor (c) Kot Diji (d) Balakot29. In which of the following Indus Valley sites, the

cemetry R-37 was found? (a) Lothal (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Harappa (d) Dholavira

30. Which of the following is the most common motif of the Indus seals?

(a) Elephant (b) Bull (c) Rhinoceros (d) Unicorn31. The dockyard at Lothal was well connected with

the river: (a) Ghaggar (b) Bhogavo (c) Narmada (d) Tapti32. The Indus Valley Civilization people traded with

the: (a) Romans (b) Parthians (c) Mesopotamians (d) Chinese33. Which of the following was unknown in Indus

Valley Civilization? (a) Wheat (b) Pulses (c) Barley (d) Cotton34. Which type of seals was the most popular in

Harappan culture? (a) Oval (b) Cylindrical (c) Rounded (d) Quadrate35. Remains of horse bares have been found from: (a) Mohenjodaro (b) Lothal (c) Surkotada (d) Sutkagendor36. In which of the following Indus Valley Civilization

sites, the cotton piece was found ? (a) Mohenjodaro (b) Lothal (c) Harappa (d) Chanhudaro37. Which of the following was unknown in Indus

Valley Civilization? (a) Construction of wells (b) Construction of arches (c) Construction of pillars (d) Construction of drains38. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization

sites provides the evidence of fire-altars? (a) Alamgirpur (b) Kalibangan (c) Banavali (d) Kunal39. The earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian

subcontinent has been obtained from: (a) Brahmagiri (b) Chirand (c) Mehargarh (d) Burzahom40. Which of the following was not worshipped by

Indus Valley people? (a) Shiva (b) Peepal (c) Mother Goddess (d) Vishnu

History || A-3

41. The excavation at Chanhudaro was directed by (a) John Marshall (b) J.H. Mackay (c) M. Wheeler (d) Aurel Stein42. A granary outside to citadel was found at: (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Lothal (d) Dholavira43. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization

towns divided into three parts? (a) Kalibangan (b) Lothal (c) Chanhudaro (d) Dholavira44. Indus Valley Civilization site Manda is situated

near the bank of: (a) Sutlej (b) Jhelum (c) Chinab (d) Indus45. The archaeological finds from Alamgirpur in

Meerut district reflect the: (a) Harappa period (b) Vedic period (c) Budha period (d) Mauryan period46. Which of the following sites has a pre-Harappan

settlement not been found? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira47. The Director General of Archaeological Survey

of India at the time of the excavation of Harappan site was:

(a) Dayaram Sahni (b) R.D. Banerji (c) John Marshall (d) Mortimer Wheeler48. The most suitable name of Indus Valley Civilization

is: (a) Harappan Civilization (b) Indus Civilization (c) Saraswati Civilization (d) Bronze Time Civilization49. A clay model of plough has been found from: (a) Banawali (b) Kalibangan (c) Rakhigarhi (d) Mitathal50. In the excavations of Harappan sites, bones of

camels have been founded at: (a) Kalibangan (b) Lothal (c) Harappa (d) Mohenjodaro

51. A glaring evidence of the art of dance in Harappan culture comes from:

(a) Lothal (b) Harappa (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan52. Which among the following was the most extensive

Harappan city? (a) Banavali (b) Ropar (c) Lothal (d) Rakhigarhi53. From which of the Harappan sites the evidence of

bead making has been found? (a) Dholavira (b) Ropar (c) Chanhudaro (d) Kalibangan54. Name the site which has revealed the earliest

evidence of settled life? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Mehargarh55. The most common form of Harappan seal is: (a) Cylindrical (b) Rectangular (c) Square (d) Rounded56. Which of the following is not depicted on the

Pashupati seal of Mohenjodaro? (a) Rhinoceros (b) Tiger (c) Bull (d) Elephant57. Bronze statue of dancing girl has been excavated

at: (a) Mohenjodaro (b) Harappa (c) Chanhudaro (d) Kalibangan58. Which one among the following sites is located in

the valley of Ghaggar and its associated rivers? (a) Alamgirpur (b) Lothal (c) Kalibangan (d) Banavali59. Which of the Harappan sites has yielded evidence

of two cemeteries? (a) Mohenjodaro (b) Harappa (c) Kalibangan (d) Ropar60. Which of the following sites was founded the

evidence of ‘Swastik’? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Chanhudaro (d) Kalibangan61. Which of the following Harappan sites was found

the earliest evidence of surgery? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira

A-4 || Indus Valley Civilization

62. Which of the following Harappan sites shows the earliest evidence of Earthquake

(a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Dholavira63. Three-paired cemetry was found in: (a) Kalibangan (b) Lothal (c) Chanhudaro (d) Mohenjodaro64. Which amongst the following is not a site of Indus

Valley Civilization? (a) Banawali (b) Rakhigarhi (c) Hastinapur (d) Ropar65. On which object, do we mainly find the inscriptions

of Harappan civilization? (a) On pillars (b) On rocks (c) On caves (d) On seals66. Which site of Harappan civilization has yielded a

beautiful bronze image of a chariot? (a) Daimabad (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Rakhigarhi67. Which amongst the following civilizations was not

contemporary with the Harappan civilization? (a) Greek civilization (b) Egyptian civilization (c) Mesopotamian civilization (d) Chinese civilization68. In which Indus Valley Civilization sites, drainage

system was absent? (a) Banawali (b) Dholavira (c) Lothal (d) Rakhigarhi69. In which Indus Valley Civilization sites, the people

were known water reservoir technique? (a) Banawali (b) Kalibangan (c) Dholavira (d) Chanhudaro70. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization

sites gives evidence of a Lipstick? (a) Chanhudaro (b) Banawali (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Kalibangan71. The site of Alamgirpur is located on the bank of

river: (a) Maskra (b) Hindon (c) Chinab (d) Bhader

72. In which Indus Valley Civilization sites, both citadel and lower town were fortified?

(a) Mohenjodaro (b) Surkotada (c) Kalibangan (d) Lothal73. In the Indus Valley Civilization period. Lapis-

Lazuli was imported from: (a) Badakhshah (b) Iran (c) Mesopotamia (d) Gujrat74. The Indus Valley Civilization was: (a) Father base (b) Mother base (c) Same rights of mother and father (d) None of these75. Which of the following was one of the causes of

Harappan decline? (a) Ecological change (b) Earthquakes (c) Aryan attack (d) All of these76. A ploughed field was discovered at: (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Kalibangan (d) Lothal77. Which was the only Indus city without a citadel? (a) Kalibangan (b) Harappa (c) Mohenjodaro (d) Chanhudaro78. Which one of the following sites has yielded

the cultural remains from Neolithic to Harappan period?

(a) Amri (b) Mehargarh (c) Kotdiji (d) Kalibangan79. Which of the following ethenic races was not

founded from skeleton of Harappan sites? (a) Alpine (b) Mediteranean (c) Mongoloid (d) Negrito80. Which of the following sites of Harappan culture

gives evidence of ‘Sindoor’? (a) Harappa (b) Mohenjodaro (c) Naushero (d) Balakote

History || A-5

Hints & Solutions1. (b) The Indus Valley was discovered by Dayaram

Sahni in 1921. It is one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations alongside with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The Indus Valley covers modern day Pakistan and the northwest of India.

2. (c) Indus Valley Civilization had been a combination of diverse racial elements. Certain anthropological investigations and examinations of the human remains show that four racial types existed in this civilization namely Proto-Australiod, Mediterranean, Alpinoid and the Mongoloid. Most of the people belong to Mediterranean race.

3. (d) Iron was not known to Indus Valley Civilization people. The first evidence of Iron is found about l000 B.C. from Ataranjikhera in Etah district.

4. (a) Indus Valley Civilization was urbanized, highly developed and sophisticated. The ruins exhibit high level of planning in the cities. Excavations have indicated that the buildings were built with baked bricks. The streets were well constructed at right angles with an elaborate and covered drainage system. The civilization also had public buildings including the vast granaries and the Great Bath at Mohenjodaro.

6. (b) A well-known piece of art of the Harappan period is a stone sculpture of a bearded man discovered at

Mohenjodaro. His eyes are half closed indicating a posture of meditation. Across the left shoulder is an embroidered cloak. In the opinion of some scholars, it could be a bust of a priest.

7. (c) Indus Scripts are popularly known as Boustrophedon scripts which are still not deciphered by the historians, researchers and scholars.

8. (a) Dholavira is the latest Indus Valley Civilization site. This site was discovered by J.P. Joshi in 1967-68. Dholavira is located at Kutch district in Gujarat.

9. (b) Harappa is situated on the banks of river Ravi in Montgomery district of western Punjab (in Pakistan).

10. (c) Mohenjodaro is not the original name, of course, but one given by local villagers referring to the ‘mound of the dead’: the tower and hillocks of abandoned debris of bricks that they had their forefathers had noticed in the surroundings.

11. (d) Animals like buffaloes, sheeps and pigs and the humped bull were bred. Animals like elephant, camels and dogs were also domesticated. There is no evidence found about horses in the excavation of Indus Valley Civilization.

12. (c) The Indus Valley Civilization site Lothal gives evidence of a dockyard. Lothal was discovered by S.R. Rao in 1954 A.D. The dockyard is located in eastern side of Lothal.

ANSWER KEY1. (b) 11. (d) 21. (c) 31. (b) 41. (b) 51. (c) 61. (c) 71. (b)2. (c) 12. (c) 22. (b) 32. (c) 42. (b) 52. (d) 62. (c) 72. (b) 3. (d) 13. (d) 23. (b) 33. (b) 43. (d) 53. (c) 63. (b) 73. (a)4. (a) 14. (a) 24. (b) 34. (d) 44. (c) 54. (d) 64. (c) 74. (b)5. (c) 15. (a) 25. (a) 35. (c) 45. (a) 55. (c) 65. (d) 75. (d) 6. (b) 16. (a) 26. (a) 36. (a) 46. (a) 56. (c) 66. (a) 76. (c) 7. (c) 17. (b) 27. (a) 37. (c) 47. (c) 57. (a) 67. (d) 77. (d) 8. (a) 18. (d) 28. (b) 38. (b) 48. (a) 58. (b) 68. (a) 78. (b) 9. (b) 19. (b) 29. (c) 39. (c) 49. (a) 59. (b) 69. (c) 79. (d) 10. (c) 20. (a) 30. (d) 40. (d) 50. (a) 60. (b) 70. (a) 80. (c)

A-6 || Indus Valley Civilization

13. (d) Recent excavations at the small township of Dholavira, in Kutch, Gujarat (India) have presented to the world some of the oldest stadiums and sign board, built by the Harappan civilization. One of the stadiums, with terraced seats for spectators, around 800 feet in length (around 283 metres) can accommodate as many as 10,000 persons. The other stadium is much smaller in size.

14. (a) Houses of Indus Valley Civilization were one or two stories high, made of baked (Pucca) bricks, with flat roofs. Each was built around a courtyard, with windows overlooking the courtyard. The outside walls had no windows. Each home had its own private drinking well and its own private bathroom. Clay pipes led from the bathrooms to sewers located under the streets.

15. (a) Plant growing from the womb of women has been found from Harappa on a seal. That represents Earth Goddess.

16. (a) Harappan civilization was discovered in 1921–22 when two of its most important sites were excavated. The first was excavated by Dayaram Sahni and the second by R.D. Banerji.

17. (b) Many beautiful beads of blue Lapis Lazuli, Red Carnelian, and Agate stones of all colours have been found throughout Mohenjodaro and were likely worn by the women. Archaeologists have found beads in such locations as the Great Bath, where bathers probably lost them, and in the lower city, where bead makers may have dropped them in and around the kilns they used to make the beads.

18. (d) The vast majority of the beads are made of fired steatite, which was a widely used raw material, beginning with the Ravi period and continuing through the Late Harappan period. Beads that are made of hard stone, such as Agate, Carnelian, are relatively less common, with a significant drop in numbers for stones, such as Lapis Lazuli, Grossular Garnet, Serpentine and Amazonite.

20. (a) The greatest uniformity is noticed in the layouts of the towns, streets, structures, brick size, drains, etc. Almost all the major sites (Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan and others) are divided into two parts–a citadel on higher mound on the western side and a lower town on the eastern side of the Indus Valley Civilization settlement.

21. (c) Mohenjodaro is situated along the west bank of the Indus River while Harappa is located 640 km northeast of Mohenjodaro.

22. (b) The site of Mohenjodaro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India, two years after major excavations had begun at Harappa, some 590 km to the north. Large-scale excavations were carried out at the site under the direction of John Marshall, K. N. Dikshit, Ernest Mackay, and other directors through the 1930s.

23. (b) The state which has accounted for highest number of Harappan sites after independence is Gujarat. Gujarat has been one of the main centre of the Indus Valley Civilization. It contains major ancient metropolitan cities from the Indus Valley such as Lothal, Dholavira, and Gola Dhoro.

25. (a) The famous ‘Dancing girl’ found in Mohenjodaro is an artifact that is some 4,500 years old. The 10.8 cm long statue of the dancing girl was found in 1926 from a house in Mohenjodaro is made of bronze.

26. (a) The bathing pool was the unique structure of Mohenjodaro. It measures 11.88 × 1.01 × 2.43 mt. The floor of the bath pool was made of burnt bricks.

27. (a) On the site of Indus Valley Civilization, the famous Bull-seal was found in Harappa. The Bull-seal shows a humped bull displaying a strong and energetic bull. The figure has been made well, a proof of the fine artistic skills acquired by the people of that time. Seals are mainly in square or rectangular shape. This Bull-seal dates to around 2450-2200 BC.

28. (b) Sutkagen Dor is the westernmost known archaeological site of Indus Valley Civilization. It is located about 480 km west of Makran coast near the Iran border in Balochistan province of Pakistan. Sutkagen Dor would have been on the trade route from Lothal in Gujarat to Mesopotamia and was probably heavily involved in the fishing trade similar to that which exists today in the coast along Balochistan.

29. (c) There are over fifty-five burial sites in the Indus Valley were found in Harappa. The burials are interpreted primarily as reflections of social structure and hierarchy. The strongest evidence for this interpretation would be burial sites in Harappa, cemetery R-37 and Cemetery H. R-37 is the smaller site compared to Cemetery H, and has about 200 burials. Archeologists believe it was a restricted cemetery that was used by a particular group or family that lived in Harappa.

History || A-7

30. (d) The unicorn is the most common motif on Indus seals and appears to represent a mythical animal that Greek and Roman sources trace back to the Indian subcontinent.

32. (c) The people of Indus Valley Civilization mainly traded with the Mesopotamians. Dilmun and Makan were intermediate trading stations between Meluha and Mesopotamia. Meluha is the earliest name of Indus area.

33. (b) In Indus Valley Civilization, pulses were unknown. The chief food crops included wheat, barley, sesasum, mustard, peas, etc. The evidence for rice has come from Lothal and Rangpur in the form of husks embedded in pottery. Cotton was another important crop. A piece of woven cloth has been found at Mohenjodaro. Apart from cereals, fish and animal meat also formed a part of the Harappan diet.

34. (d) Quadrate type of seals was the most popular in Harappan culture.

35. (c) Surkotada site contains horse remains dated to 2000 BC, which is considered a significant observation with respect to Indus Valley Civilisation. During 1974, Archaeological Survey of India undertook excavation in this site and J.P. Joshi and A.K. Sharma reported findings of horse bones at all levels.

36. (a) The cotton piece was found in Mohenjodaro. Traces of cotton fibres and textile fragments provide evidences of production of cotton textiles from early Harappan period. Cotton was a commodity the people of Mohenjodaro probably exported, perhaps in exchange for minerals, tools or other goods.

38. (b) Kalibangan – is an archaeological site where ploughed field, bones of camel, circular and rectangular graves, distinctive fire (Vedic ) altars with provision of ritual bathing have been found.

39. (c) The site of Mehrgarh provides evidence for the earliest agricultural and pastoral communities in South Asia. The first inhabitants of Mehrgarh, dating to around 6500 BC, were farmers who cultivated wheat and barley as their main grain crops and had herds of cattle, sheep and goats.

40. (d) The numerous seals and figurines discovered in the excavations carried out at various sites connected with the Harappan culture point out to the religious beliefs of the Indus Valley people.

Worship of Mother Goddess: A large number of excavated terracotta figurines are those of a semi-nude figure which is identified with some female energy or Shakti or Mother Goddess, who is the source of all creation.

Worship of Pashupati or Lord Shiva: The Pashupati seal in which the three-faced male god is shown seated in a yogic posture, surrounded by a rhino and a buffalo on the right, and an elephant and a tiger on the left, make the historians conclude that the people of those days worshipped Lord Shiva. Discovery of a large number of conical or cylindrical stones shows that the people worshipped lingam, the symbol of Lord Shiva.

Worship of Trees: The worship of trees was widespread. The Pipal tree was considered most sacred.

Other Objects of Worship: People also worshipped animals, such as the bull, buffalo and tiger. Besides animals, these people also worshipped the Sun, the Fire and the Water.

There was no evidence of the God Vishnu worshipped by the people of Indus Valley Civilization.

41. (b) Chanhudaro was investigated in 1931 by the Indian archaeologist N. G. Majumdar and was excavated in 1935-36 by the British archaeologist Ernest John Henry Mackay.

42. (b) In Indus Valley Civilization, a granary outside to citadel was found at Mohenjodaro. Because farmers outside the walls of Mohenjodaro usually had their own granaries, some archaeologists think that grain stored within the citadel granary may have been collected as taxes.

43. (d) The Indus Valley Civilization town Dholavira is divided into three parts. The citadel, middle town and the lower town were the three pre-existing planned geometrical divisions in Dholavira. The middle town had its own defense mechanism, planned streets, gateways, wells and roads. Most of the buildings were built with stones.

44. (c) Indus Valley Civilization site Manda is situated on the right bank of Chenab river in the foot hills of Pir Panjal range, 28 km northwest of Jammu. Manda is the north site of Indus civilization. It was discovered by J.P. Joshi in 1982.

A-8 || Indus Valley Civilization

45. (a) The archaeological evidences found from Alamgirpur in Meerut district reflect the Harappan period.

47. (c) At the time of excavation of Harappan site, the Director General of Archaeological Survey of India was John Marshall from 1902-28. In 1921, he focused on the Indus Valley, which led to the discovery of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, the ancient cities Harappa and Mohenjodaro.

48. (a) Harappan Civilization is the most suitable name for Indus Valley Civilization because Harappa lies in the centre of Indus Civilization. It was also an urban trade centre.

49. (a) A clay model of plough has been found from Banawali. It is an archaeological site belonging to Indus Valley Civilization period in Fatehabad district of Haryana. Banawali is earlier called Vanavali, is situated on the left banks of dried up Saraswati river.

50. (a) In the excavation of Indus Valley Civilization sites, the camel bones have been found at Kalibangan.

52. (d) Rakhigarhi was a large Harappan town known in 1963, when the area was first surveyed. Archaeologists found it the biggest Harappan city, larger and more extensive.

53. (c) The evidence of beadmakers’ shops has been found at Chanhudaro and Lothal. Gold and silver beads have also been found. Ivory carving and inlaying used in beads, bracelets and other decorations were also in practice.

55. (c) The square shape of the seal is the most common form of Harappan seals, although there is great variety in their size and shapes.

56. (c) Bull is not depicted on the Pashupati seal of Mohenjodaro. The seal shows poor animals as an elephant, a tiger, a rhinoceros and a buffalo.

57. (a) The most famous bronze ‘dancing girl’ figurine discovered at Mohenjodaro. It is a female figure, with right arm on the hip and left arm hanging in a dancing pose. She is wearing a large number of bangles. It is the first sculpture in dancing gesture discovered in the Indian subcontinent.

58. (b) Lothal is one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization located in the valley of Ghaggar-Harka river. Many Indus Valley (or Harappan) sites have been discovered along the Ghaggar-Hakra beds.

59. (b) The evidence of two cemeteries has been found from Harappa. The strongest evidence for the burial sites in Harappa are Cemetery R-37 and Cemetery H.

60. (b) The Swastika is said to have originated in both the Indus River Valley Civilization and in some ancient Mediterranean Civilizations. A tablet with Swastika has been excavated at Mohenjodaro.

61. (c) The earliest evidence of surgery was found from Kalibangan. Archaeologists made the discovery that the people of Indus Valley Civilization, even from the early Harappan periods, had knowledge of medicine and surgery.

62. (c) The earliest evidence of earthquake was found from Kalibangan. B. B. Lal, former DG of ASI, said: “Kalibangan in Rajasthan has shown that there occurred an earthquake around 2600 BC, which brought to an end the Early Indus settlement at the site.

63. (b) In Indus Valley Civilization, the three paired-cemetery was found from excavation of Lothal.

64. (c) Hastinapur is not a site of Indus Valley Civilization. Hastinapur was the capital of the Kuru dynasty of kings. All incidents in the epic Mahabharata have taken place in the city of Hastinapur.

65. (d) Most of the inscriptions are found on seals mostly made out of stone. Some inscriptions are also found on copper tablets, bronze implements and small objects made of terracotta, stone and faience.

66. (a) A sculpture of a bronze chariot, 45 cm long, 16 cm wide, yoked to two oxen, driven by a man 16 cm high standing in it and three other bronze sculptures a rhinoceros, an elephant and a buffalo were found at Daimabad in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra.

67. (d) Archaeologist Sir John Marshall thought that the Indus Valley Civilization belonged to the period between 3250 BC and 2750 BC. It is the period when the Egyptians, Babylonian and Mesopotamian Civilizations flourished. From the objects discovered at the cities of the Indus Valley Civilizations, historians have made a comparative study of the contemporary civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Babylonia. They came to the conclusion that the Indus Valley Civilization was at its height of glory during the period of the contemporary civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Babylonia.

History || A-9

69. (c) Dholavira had a series of water storing tanks and step wells, and its water management system has been called ‘unique’. The unique feature is the sophisticated water conservation system of channels and reservoirs, the earliest found anywhere in the world and completely built of stone.

70. (a) The Indus Valley Civilization site Chanhudaro finds indicate the use of lipstick.

71. (b) An Indus site has been discovered at Alamgirpur, 27 km west of Meerut. Alamgirpur is located on the left bank of the Hindon river, a tributary of the Yamuna.

72. (b) Surkotada was excavated in 1970-72 bringing to light a three-fold cultural sequence and the settlement patterns of the Harappans. A fortified citadel with an impressive centrally placed gateway and well-arranged houses with lanes have been exposed both in the citadel and residential complexes.

73. (a) The Sar-i Sang mines in the region of Badakhshah in north east Afghanistan were probably the source for all Lapis-Lazuli used by the ancient people. So the people of Indus Valley Civilization period imported Lapis-Lazuli from Badakhshah (Afghanistan).

74. (b) The nature of Indus Valley Civilization was mother base because condition of women was pretty

good at that time. They were entitled equal honour along with men in the society. The worship of mother goddess demonstrates that they were respected in the form of mother.

75. (d) Definite reason to the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization is not known, as no reliable resource of that period is available at present. Every conclusion regarding the decline is based upon speculations of historians. It is commonly believed that ecological change, earthquake, Aryan attack, etc. were the causes of Harappan decline.

76. (c) Kalibangan is distinguished by the world’s earliest attested ploughed field.

78. (b) The best-known site of the cultural remains is Mehrgarh. Mehrgarh is a neolithic site seen as a precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization.

79. (d) The skeleton of Negrito was not found in any Harappan site. Negrito refers to several ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia.

80. (c) Naushero gives the evidence of Sindoor in Harappan culture. The site of Naushero, located 6 km away from Mehargarh had developed Kotdijian settlement. It was a smaller settlement but sharing fully the developmental process towards maturity of urbanization.

Vedic Period1. Vedic literature is also known as : (a) Shruti (b) Smriti (c) Sanhita (d) Vedanga2. Who was the founder of Vedic culture? (a) Dravid (b) Arya (c) Harappan (d) None of these3. The word ‘Aryan’ denotes : (a) Ethnic group (b) Nomadic people (c) Speech group (d) Superior race4. The staple food of the Vedic Aryan was : (a) Barley and rice (b) Rice and pulse (c) Vegetables and fruits (d) Milk and its product5. Who is the most important God in Rigaveda? (a) Agni (b) Indra (c) Varun (d) Vishnu6. Who wrote a book ‘Return of the Aryans’ ? (a) Bhagvan Das Gidvani (b) L.D. Kalla (c) Avinash Chandra Das (d) D.S. Trivedi7. Which river has not been mentioned in Rigveda? (a) Sindhu (b) Saraswati (c) Narmada (d) Tapti8. Which of the following is the major impact of

Vedic culture on Indian history? (a) Progress of philosophy (b) Development of culture (c) Rigidification of caste system (d) Perception of a new world9. Which of the following Vedic deities is not

mentioned in the Boghazkoi inscription ? (a) Indra (b) Agni (c) Mitra (d) Varun

10. Who of the following was the God of morality during the Rigvedic times?

(a) Indra (b) Rudra (c) Agni (d) Varuna11. The river Chenab was known during the Vedic

period by the name : (a) Askini (b) Parushni (c) Shutudri (d) Vitasta12. Which one of the following assemblies was also

called Narishta meaning a resolution that cannot be broken?

(a) Gana (b) Vidhata (c) Sabha (d) Samiti13. Which of the following does not come under

Shruti literature? (a) Brahmana (b) Vedanga (c) Aranyaka (d) Upanishad14. The Vedic river Vitasta has been identified with : (a) Ravi (b) Jhelum (c) Chenab (d) Beas15. Which of the following Brahmana texts belongs

to Atharvaveda? (a) Shatpatha (b) Aitareya (c) Gopatha (d) Panchavinsh16. Who of the following led the confederacy of ten

kings against Sudasa? (a) Vishwamitra (b) Bharadwaja (c) Vashistha (d) Atri17. Dasarajana was : (a) Ten incarnations of Vishnu (b) A sacrifice to be performed by the king (c) Battle of ten kings (d) None of these

Vedic Period and Religious Movements 2

History || A-11

18. Which part of Rigveda gives an account of the origin of the Universe?

(a) Second Mandala (b) Fourth Mandala (c) Ninth Mandala (d) Tenth Mandala19. The famous ‘Battle of Kings’ between Bharat and

the host of ten kings was fought near the river : (a) Sindhu (b) Saraswati (c) Parushni (d) Vitasta20. Which one of the following Vedic Gods depicts

an association with the Sun? (a) Ashvin (b) Pushan (c) Indra (d) Brihaspati21. Which of the following is concerned with origin

of Indian medicine? (a) Rigveda (b) Samveda (c) Yajurveda (d) Atharveda22. Which one of the following is described in

Upanishad? (a) Dharma (b) Yoga (c) Philosophy (d) Law23. Which of the following Purusarthas is not a part

of Trivarga? (a) Artha (b) Dharma (c) Moksha (d) Kama24. Who of the following has opened that the original

homeland of the Aryan was Arctic region? (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (b) Max Muller (c) Dayanand Saraswati (d) A.C. Das25. In Rigveda, maximum number of shlokas are

written in the memory of : (a) Indra (b) Brahma (c) Vishnu (d) Shiva26. How many times the word ‘Jana’ occur in the

Rigveda? (a) 75 times (b) 175 times (c) 275 times (d) 375 times27. Which of the following assemblies was normally

involve in the election of king? (a) Sabha (b) Samiti (c) Gana (d) Vidatha28. The expounder of Yoga philosophy was : (a) Patanjali (b) Shankaracharya (c) Jaimini (d) Gautam

29. The word Gotra occurs for the first time in : (a) Rigveda (b) Samveda (c) Yajurveda (d) Atharveda30. The word Visamatta was used in the latter Vedic

Age for : (a) The king (b) The priest (c) The trader (d) The tax collector31. In the Vedic Period, which animal was known as

‘Aghanya’? (a) Bull (b) Sheep (c) Cow (d) Elephant32. Which of the following Samhitas of Yajurveda

contains only hymns and no prose? (a) Katha (b) Maitrayaviya (c) Taittriya (d) Vajasaneyi33. The game of ‘dice’ was part of the ritual of : (a) Agnistoma (b) Aswamegha (c) Rajasuya (d) Vajapeya34. The rivers Ganga and Yamuna are mentioned for

the first time in : (a) Rigveda (b) Atharvaveda (c) Satapath Brahmana (d) Chhandogya Upanishad35. The Gayatri Mantra is dedicated to : (a) Indra (b) Aditi (c) Gayatri (d) Savitri36. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini

that composed some hymns of the Vedas? (a) Lopamudra (b) Gargi (c) Leelavati (d) Savitri37. The river most mentioned in Rigveda is : (a) Sindhu (b) Sutudri (c) Saraswati (d) Gandaki38. The famous dialogue between Nachiketa and

Yama is mentioned in the : (a) Chhandogyopanishad (b) Mundakopnishad (c) Kathopanishad (d) Kenopanishad

General Knowledge and Current AffairsLevel-1 by Disha Publication

Publisher : Disha Publication ISBN : 9789383379620 Author : Disha Publication

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