diseases/disorders of the integumentary system honors anatomy and physiology ms. susan chabot
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Diseases/Disordersof the Integumentary system
Honors Anatomy and Physiology
Ms. Susan Chabot
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Categories of Disorders• Infectious: caused by a pathogen that
infects the skin or enters through an opening.
• Allergic/Environmental• Trauma/Burns• Cancer• Congenital• Genetic
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Athletes Foot• Tinea pedis: Athlete’s foot resulting from
a fungal infection.
• Red, itchy, peeling skin.
• Treatment involves an antifungal cream or pill that will destroy the pathogen.
• Other similar cutaneous fungal infections include:– Ringworm
– Sun spots
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Boils and carbuncles• Inflammation of hair follicles
and sebaceous glands.
• Typically caused by bacterial infection; Staphylococcus aureus.
• Easily treated with an antibiotic that will
destroy the bacteria
if used properly.
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Staph Infections and MRSA– M = Methicillin, a potent antibiotic
– R = Resistant
– S = Staphylococcus
– A = Aureus• MRSA = staph infection that is no longer cured
with traditional antibiotics.• 1950’s: hospital-acquired or NOSOCOMIAL
infection.– 1.2 million infections/19,000 deaths in 2011.
• Now becoming community-acquired.– 19000 cMRSA deaths in 2011.
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What does MRSA look like?
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Impetigo• Bacterial infection• Pink, water-filled raised
lesions.• Usually found around the mouth and nose.• HIGHLY contagious.• Common in young children.• Easily treated with antibiotics.
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Cold sores• Caused by herpes simplex
(viral) infection.
• Small, fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting.
• Virus follows a cycle– Outbreaks result from environmental or
emotional stresses.
• OTC medications can shorten infection time or reduce the size of the lesion.
• No cure.
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Checkpoint Questions• What 3 types of
pathogens can cause infections in the skin?
• How do we treat a herpes simplex infection?
• What does MRSA stand for?
• What is the treatment for typical bacterial infections?
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Checkpoint Questions• What 3 types of
pathogens can cause infections in the skin?
Fungus, Bacteria, Virus
• How do we treat a herpes simplex infection?
OTC medicines only.
No cure• What does MRSA stand
for?
Methicillin
Resistant
Staphylococcus
Aureus
• What is the treatment for typical bacterial infections?
Antibiotics
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Categories of Disorders• Infectious
• Allergic/Environmental: exposure to agents that lead to irritation/inflammation.
• Trauma/Burns• Cancer• Congenital• Genetic
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Contact dermatitis• Itching, redness, swelling of skin.
Progresses to blisters.
• Caused by exposure to chemicals.
• Provokes an allergic response.
• Treated with steroids to reduce inflammation.
Poison IvyChemical burn
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Psoriasis• Chronic condition;
characterized by red
lesions covered with dry,
silvery scales.
• Cause is unknown, but may be hereditary.
• Attacks often brought on by emotional upset, hormonal changes, and trauma.
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Categories of Disorders• Infectious• Allergic/Environmental
• Trauma/Burns: damage caused by injury; including heat, cold, blunt force
• Cancer• Congenital• Genetic
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Burns• A burn is tissue damage and cell
death caused by intense heat or cold, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals.
• Two life-threatening problems1. Loss of fluids resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.2. Threat of infection due to loss of intact barrier.
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Rule of Nines• Used to determine the
volume of fluid needed to replace fluid lost from a severe burn.
• Method divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body surface.
• 1% is the genital region.
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First-degree burn• Only the epidermis is
damaged.
• Area becomes red and swollen.
• Temporary discomfort.
• Generally not serious and heals in two to three days.
• Example: sunburn
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Second-degree burn• Injury to the epidermis and
the upper region of the dermis.
• Skin is red, painful, and blistered.
• Regeneration will occur.
• Usually no permanent scarring.
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Third-degree burn• AKA Full Thickness Burn;
destroys the entire thickness of the skin.
• Burned area appears blanched (gray-white) or blackened.
• Nerve endings are destroyed.
• Requires skin grafts.
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Categories of Disorders• Infectious• Allergic/Environmental• Trauma/Burns
• Cancer: abnormal mitosis leading to malignancy.
• Congenital• Genetic
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Skin cancer• The most commonly diagnosed
cancer• Many factors can affect a person’s
predisposition to getting skin cancer.GeneticsExposure to UV radiationFrequent skin irritationPhysical trauma
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Basal cell carcinoma
• Least malignant/ most common• Involves cells of st. basale.• No longer forms keratin;
invades dermis and hypodermis.
• Shiny, dome shaped nodule that eventually develops a central ulcer with raised edge.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
• Arises from cells in st. spinosum• Scaly red papule that forms a
shallow ulcer with a firm raised border.
• Grows rapidly and spreads quickly to lymph nodes.
• Good chance for cure if caught early.
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Malignant melanoma• Cancer of melanocytes.• 5% of skin cancers.• Occurs wherever there is pigment.• Randomly located, but can occur from a
pigmented mole.• Spreads quickly to lymph nodes and blood
vessels.
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ABCD Rule• A: Asymmetry.
• B: Border irregularity.
• C: Color. The pigmented spot contains different colors.
• D: Diameter. The spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter.
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Categories of Disorders• Infectious• Allergic/Environmental• Trauma/Burns• Cancer
• Congenital: malformation of development occurring during gestation (pregnancy)
• Genetic
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Hemangioma
• Benign swelling of the lining of blood vessels.
• Dense capillary network that does not dissolve as fetal development progresses.
• Many dissolve on own without intervention by age 10.
• Some can be severely disfiguring.
CAUTION!
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Categories of Disorders• Infectious• Allergic/Environmental• Trauma/Burns• Cancer• Congenital
• Genetic: mutation of a specific gene sequence that leads to a malformation of a protein needed for normal structure or function.
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Ichthyosis• Malformation of
proteins needed for normal skin development.
• Rough, scaly, “fish-like” skin.
• Most dangerous is Harlequin type.
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Epidermolysis bullosa
• Malformation of collagen and other connective proteins that bind/hold the skin together.
• Results in blistering as the epidermis pulls away from the dermis.