Diseases Diseases ReportingReporting

www.asmatbabar.blogspot.comwww.asmatbabar.wordpress.comwww.asmatbabar.wordpress.com

DiseaseDisease

Change in physiology as a result of activity of a diseases causing agent expressed as change in normal morphology.

Notifiable diseaseNotifiable diseaseA notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of information allows the authorities to monitor the disease, and provides early warning of possible outbreaks.

EPIDEMIC DISASES:EPIDEMIC DISASES:

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.”

CAUSES OF EPIDEMICS:

Lack of technologies. Crop successions. High temperature. Possibilities to have more than one

cycle/year.

IMPACT:IMPACT:

Causes great economic loses to growers.

Reduce the quality and quantity of plant production.

Produce mycotoxins, (dangerous for human & animals).

May cause financial losses.

DISEASE MONITORING

Disease surveillance is an epidemiological practice by which the spread of diseases is monitored in order to establish patterns of progression.

ROLE OF MONITORINGROLE OF MONITORING

To predict, observe, and

minimize the harm caused by outbreak situations.

Disease reporting.

PRINCIPALS OF MONITORING!!PRINCIPALS OF MONITORING!!

Decision of planting in a particular area.

Purchase disease & pathogen free propagules.

Planting resistant varieties.

BENEFITS:

Helpful in determining whether a plant infection is likely to occur so they can decide whether to spray a crop or take other management practices.

Disease-Warning Disease-Warning SystemsSystemsThe county extension office in turn

notifies the state extension plant pathologist, who collates all reports about the disease from around the state and by electronic mail (email), telephone, fax, or in writing notifies all concerned county agents (pest alert). They, inturn, by e-mail, radio, telephone, or letter, notify all farmers in their county.

Polio of Agriculture Polio of Agriculture (Wheat Rust) (Wheat Rust)

Reference: Daily Ummat 21 April 2014

MONITORING OF DISEASE DEPENDS ON THREE FACTORS:

1…..MONITORING BASED ON AMOUNT OF INITIAL INOCULUM.

It is estimated by measuring the no, of infection produced on a host within a certain period of time.

EXAMPLE: root rot of peas cotton wilt.

2…. MONITORING WEATHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT: Applied where initial inoculums

is usually low and usually too small to measure directly.

EXAMPLE:Late blight of potato and tomato.

33…..BASED ON AMOUNT OF …..BASED ON AMOUNT OF INITIAL AND SECONDARY INITIAL AND SECONDARY INOCULUM:INOCULUM:

Example : apple scab.

TOOLS:GEOSTATICS: These techniques have the capability

to take into account the characteristics of spatially distributed variables whether they are random or systematic.

IMAGE ANALYSES:

Image analysis refers to photography and electronic image analysis, usually of large areas of fields or of mountains.

photographs are taken through aerial photography ground

based sensor data. satellite borne and airborne sensors

REMOTE SENSING.

Refers to the use of instruments for measuring electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from an object.

May be hand-held, ground based cameras with films and filters and digital cameras.

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM:

….The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions.

…..And is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receivers

ThanksThankswww.asmatbabar.blogspot.comwww.asmatbabar.blogspot.com