Kelsey Friemoth

Introduction to spread of aquatic diseases Pathways to spread of diseases (Peeler,

2011) Data from Fuentetaja’s article from 2006

about botulism outbreaks in Lake Erie. Conclusion of botulism outbreaks Possible solutions

Diseases can be spread through◦ Movement of fish, birds, and invertebrates

changing their location◦ Movement of aquatic organisms from one area to

another by humans◦ Destruction of habitats due to land alterations by

humans (stress on organisms)◦ Creation of habitats for organisms that carry

parasites, diseases, and vectors by humans

Lake Erie has increasingly often occurrences of anoxia

Settling of organic matter when nutrients run out during late summer

Both create an environment for C. botulinum growth

Toxin spreads from invertebrates to fish to birds and cause mass deaths

Lessen human impact on lake and river quality (ex: attempt to decrease nutrient loading)

Monitor movement of aquaculture organisms

Set fines for release of aquatic organisms (accidental or not)

Questions?