disease of living style a case study of parasite disease and rural environment in pingtung region...
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![Page 1: Disease of living style A case study of parasite disease and rural environment in Pingtung region Michael Shiyung Liu Academia Sinica](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c51a4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Disease of living styleA case study of parasite disease and rural environment in
Pingtung region
Michael Shiyung Liu
Academia Sinica
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The Kaoping Valley
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Disease and lifestyle
• Certain type of illness could link to specific causation of living style
• Kaoping River has been polluted by various forms– human waste, – wastewater from animal husbandry (piggery,
cattle, and fowl)– urban rubbish, and industrial hazard etc.
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Water supply, hygiene and disease
• Epidemiologist Bradley’s classification– Water-borne - caused through consumption of
contaminated– Water-washed - caused through the use of inadequate
volumes for personal hygiene– Water-based - where an intermediate aquatic host is
required– Water-related vector - spread through insect vectors
associated with water
• “Water-caused” diseases
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Ratio of water-caused diseases in Kaoping valley
y = 0.3303x + 22.548
R2 = 0.147
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Years
Perc
enta
ge o
f all
caus
es o
f dea
th
diseases
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Water-caused disease in Kaoping Valley
• Among all “water-caused” diseases, based on public health surveys in the 1920s and 30s
• The gross morbidity rate of parasite-related diseases was 18 per cent
• To the causes of death, gastroenteritis was the most important cause of death among the infant and child (ages 0 to 4) mortality problem
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Agricultural and early urban diseases(1920s-30s)
• Fishery ports and market-towns appeared in the downstream of Kaoping Valley– Urbanization since the 1930s– urban population increased nearly double animal
husbandry
• Bringing so many animals into urban proximity they created conditions were epidemic diseases might – and often did – spread rapidly
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Ligang: A market-town in midstream
• The crisis in the region's irrigation systems in the wake of the 1930s urbanization was directly tied to the simultaneous increase in many parasite problems.– Malaria, paratyphoid and dengue fever
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Dengue fever on Nichinich shinpoDate Range Ligang Note
1915/7/14-11/9 South unknown Expended to North in August
1918/7/14 Middle & South identified Spanish flu invaded
1920/11/26 North N/A
1922/9/1 South identified Endemic cases
1923/4/16 South identified Endemic cases
1924/5/5-10/24 islandwide identified Server outbreak
1926/9/18-10/26 South identified Endemic cases
1931/8/8-10/6 islandwide identified Server outbreak
1936/7/28 South identified Endemic cases
1942/9/10 islandwide identified Server outbreak
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Cases of paratyphoid and dengue fever (Ligang, 1920-1940)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Years
head
/cas
e
Animal population Paratyphoid Dengue Fever
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Post-WWII development
• Certain disease such as Amebiasis indicate the distance between farmer and livestock was very close, especially in the cycle of food-chain
• The debate of water pollution in the Kaoping River rise since late-1970s, and in the 80s the debate evolves to series of violent demonstrations till the early 21st century.– The deterioration of water quality links to
• bio-waste and chemical pollutants
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Animal husbandry in Kaoping Valley
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
Year
per h
ead
cattles pigs goat fowl
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Animal husbandry and bio waste
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Distribution of piggery in Kaoping Valley (1997-2002)
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A piggery and untreated waste water
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Question
• With growth of animal husbandry and regional population, the morbidity rate of enterogastritis however shows a decline trend between 1960s and 1990s– DDT spraying project from 1953 through 1957– deterioration of water quality since the 1970s• 64.5% from piggery, 20.7% Industrial waste, 13.2
household waste, and 1.6 city rubbish
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Ratio between numbers of manufacture and agricultural-related business
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Years
Rat
io (%
)
Manufacture Agricultural-related
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Life rubbish dumped in Ligang area
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Documentary of Pollution in Kaoping Valley
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Concluding remarks1961
46.26%
39.11%
14.63%
infectious disease chronic illness others
1971
45.64%
40.72%
13.64%
infectious disease chronic illness others
1981
42.58%
43.16%
14.26%
infectious disease chronic illness others
1991
39.98%
43.95%
16.07%
infectious disease chronic illness others
2001
36.22%
42.92%
20.86%
infectious disease chronic illness others