Discrimination and Discrimination and Segregation Against Segregation Against African AmericansAfrican Americans

Key IdeasKey Ideas

In the late 19th century (1800In the late 19th century (1800’’s) discrimination s) discrimination and segregation against African Americans and segregation against African Americans INTENSIFIED and took on NEW FORMSINTENSIFIED and took on NEW FORMS

African Americans disagreed about how to African Americans disagreed about how to respondrespond

Laws to Limit African Laws to Limit African American FreedomsAmerican Freedoms

-Poll Tax

-Literacy Test

-Grandfather Clause

The ProblemThe Problem

JIM CROWJIM CROW laws were laws were passed forcing the passed forcing the separation of the races separation of the races in public placesin public places

The laws were named after a black The laws were named after a black man in a southern song who sang man in a southern song who sang

and danced for white peopleand danced for white people

Intimidation and crimes were often directed Intimidation and crimes were often directed against African Americans (KKK, etc)against African Americans (KKK, etc)

The laws were enforced by both local police and The laws were enforced by both local police and mob violence that sometimes led to the lynching of mob violence that sometimes led to the lynching of

blacksblacks

African Americans looked to the courts African Americans looked to the courts to protect their rights and enforce the to protect their rights and enforce the Civil Rights Amendments (13Civil Rights Amendments (13thth, 14, 14thth & &

1515thth).).

Homer Plessy Homer Plessy tried to challenge the idea tried to challenge the idea that his equal protection that his equal protection under the law was being violated under the law was being violated when he had to use separate when he had to use separate public facilitiespublic facilities

But, in Plessy v. But, in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled Court ruled ““separate separate

but equalbut equal”” did not did not violate the 14violate the 14thth

AmendmentAmendment

The Jim Crow laws The Jim Crow laws stayed in effectstayed in effect

During the early 20During the early 20thth century African century African Americans began what became known as Americans began what became known as

the the ““Great MigrationGreat Migration””

With the lure of jobs and promises from the With the lure of jobs and promises from the North, many African Americans left the South North, many African Americans left the South

and settled in Northern cities like Chicago, and settled in Northern cities like Chicago, Cleveland and DetroitCleveland and Detroit

But they still experienced racial discrimination But they still experienced racial discrimination

This was a time when African Americans This was a time when African Americans faced great injustices and they faced great injustices and they

disagreed about how to respond to the disagreed about how to respond to the discriminationdiscrimination

Ida B. WellsIda B. WellsLed an anti-lynching crusade and called on Led an anti-lynching crusade and called on the federal government to take action!the federal government to take action!

Between 1882 and 1930 Between 1882 and 1930 almost 5,000 people werealmost 5,000 people werelynched in the U.S.lynched in the U.S.

Most lynching were Most lynching were against blacks in the against blacks in the south, though some south, though some were white or Asianwere white or Asian

She spoke out and She spoke out and wrote against this wrote against this injusticeinjustice

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. WashingtonBelieved the way to equality Believed the way to equality was through vocational was through vocational education and economic education and economic success. success.

He accepted social He accepted social separation.separation.

Believed in industrial education Believed in industrial education for blacks and provided it at his for blacks and provided it at his Tuskegee Institute. Tuskegee Institute. Felt that blacks could achieve Felt that blacks could achieve good lives if they were properlygood lives if they were properly prepared for the industrial jobs prepared for the industrial jobs in demand.in demand.A man A man ““of his timesof his times””

Getting educated at Tuskegee InstituteGetting educated at Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du BoisBelieved that education was meaningless Believed that education was meaningless without equality. without equality.

Supported political equality for African Supported political equality for African Americans by helping to form the National Americans by helping to form the National Association of Advancement for Colored Association of Advancement for Colored PeoplePeople

Disagreed with WashingtonDisagreed with Washington’’s plan of blacks s plan of blacks settling for low class industrial jobssettling for low class industrial jobs

DidnDidn’’t think blacks would achievet think blacks would achievetheir potential or compete with their potential or compete with whites with only factory jobs.whites with only factory jobs.

Was a Was a ““man ahead of his timesman ahead of his times””

Du Bois supported his desire for political Du Bois supported his desire for political equality for African Americans by equality for African Americans by

helping to form the National Association helping to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP).(NAACP).