discovery is dangerous….but so is life. a man unwilling to take risks is doomed never to learn,...
TRANSCRIPT
Discovery is dangerous….but so is life. A man unwilling to take risks is doomed never to learn, never to grow, never to live
- Pardot Kynes
Discovery is dangerous….but so is life. A man unwilling to take risks is doomed never to learn, never to grow, never to live
- Pardot Kynes
What I learnt in school today:What I learnt in school today:
How to pronounce "molybdenum"How to pronounce "molybdenum"
mo lib den ummo lib den um
What I learnt in school today:What I learnt in school today:
How to pronounce "molybdenum"How to pronounce "molybdenum"
mo lib den ummo lib den um
What I learnt in school today:What I learnt in school today:
How to pronounce "molybdenum"How to pronounce "molybdenum"
mo lib den ummo lib den um
What I learnt in school today:What I learnt in school today:
How to pronounce "molybdenum"How to pronounce "molybdenum"
mo lib den ummo lib den um
Is this your design?Is this your design?
Looks like a materials problemLooks like a materials problem
What kind of steel?Does it matter?
What kind of steel?Does it matter?
What is the material?What is the material?
Some kind of steel?Some kind of steel?Steel?Steel?Steel = iron + carbonSteel = iron + carbon
Types of steels
1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1015 1016 10171018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 10301034 1035 1038 1039 1040 1044 1044 1045 10461050 1060 1064 1065 1070 1074 1080 1090 10951108 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1141 1144 1211 1212 1213 1215 1547 1548 3140 4012 13301335 1340 1345 4023 4027 4028 4032 4037 40424047 4118 4130 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150 41614419 4320 4340 4422 4427 4615 4620 4626 47184720 4815 4817 4820 5046 5060 5120 5130 5132
.
.
.
.
Types of steels
1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1015 1016 10171018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 10301034 1035 1038 1039 1040 1044 1044 1045 10461050 1060 1064 1065 1070 1074 1080 1090 10951108 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1141 1144 1211 1212 1213 1215 1547 1548 3140 4012 13301335 1340 1345 4023 4027 4028 4032 4037 40424047 4118 4130 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150 41614419 4320 4340 4422 4427 4615 4620 4626 47184720 4815 4817 4820 5046 5060 5120 5130 5132
.
.
.
.
Types of steels
1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1015 1016 10171018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 10301034 1035 1038 1039 1040 1044 1044 1045 10461050 1060 1064 1065 1070 1074 1080 1090 10951108 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1141 1144 1211 1212 1213 1215 1547 1548 3140 4012 13301335 1340 1345 4023 4027 4028 4032 4037 40424047 4118 4130 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150 41614419 4320 4340 4422 4427 4615 4620 4626 47184720 4815 4817 4820 5046 5060 5120 5130 5132
AISI-SAE numbering system for steels
XX XX
Types of steels
1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1015 1016 10171018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 10301034 1035 1038 1039 1040 1044 1044 1045 10461050 1060 1064 1065 1070 1074 1080 1090 10951108 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1141 1144 1211 1212 1213 1215 1547 1548 3140 4012 13301335 1340 1345 4023 4027 4028 4032 4037 40424047 4118 4130 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150 41614419 4320 4340 4422 4427 4615 4620 4626 47184720 4815 4817 4820 5046 5060 5120 5130 5132
AISI-SAE numbering system for steels
XX XX wt % carbon x 100
alloy element contents
Types of steels
1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1015 1016 10171018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 10301034 1035 1038 1039 1040 1044 1044 1045 10461050 1060 1064 1065 1070 1074 1080 1090 10951108 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1141 1144 1211 1212 1213 1215 1547 1548 3140 4012 13301335 1340 1345 4023 4027 4028 4032 4037 40424047 4118 4130 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150 41614419 4320 4340 4422 4427 4615 4620 4626 47184720 4815 4817 4820 5046 5060 5120 5130 5132
AISI-SAE numbering system for steels
XX XX
Types of steels
1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1015 1016 10171018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 10301034 1035 1038 1039 1040 1044 1044 1045 10461050 1060 1064 1065 1070 1074 1080 1090 10951108 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1141 1144 1211 1212 1213 1215 1547 1548 3140 4012 13301335 1340 1345 4023 4027 4028 4032 4037 40424047 4118 4130 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150 41614419 4320 4340 4422 4427 4615 4620 4626 47184720 4815 4817 4820 5046 5060 5120 5130 5132
AISI-SAE numbering system for steels
XX XX
alloy element contents
wt % carbon x 100
So, does it matter?So, does it matter?
Consider the properties of some steels- all hot-rolled & normalized
Consider the properties of some steels- all hot-rolled & normalized
Type Tensile strength
1020 64.0 ksi1030 75.5 ksi1040 85.5 ksi1050 108.5 ksi1060 112.5 ksi1080 146.5 ksi
Type Tensile strength
1020 64.0 ksi1030 75.5 ksi1040 85.5 ksi1050 108.5 ksi1060 112.5 ksi1080 146.5 ksi
So, does it matter?So, does it matter?
Consider the properties of some steels- all hot-rolled & normalized
Consider the properties of some steels- all hot-rolled & normalized
Type Tensile strength
1020 64.0 ksi1030 75.5 ksi1040 85.5 ksi1050 108.5 ksi1060 112.5 ksi1080 146.5 ksi
Type Tensile strength
1020 64.0 ksi1030 75.5 ksi1040 85.5 ksi1050 108.5 ksi1060 112.5 ksi1080 146.5 ksi
Apparently, changing carbon content changesmech props significantly
Apparently, changing carbon content changesmech props significantly
Is changing carbon content only wayto change mech props?
Is changing carbon content only wayto change mech props?
Steel Tensile strength
1040 hot rolled and normalized 86 ksi1040 quenched and tempered at 400 F 130 ksi8640 quenched and tempered at 400 F 270 ksi
(8640: Fe - 0.5%Cr - 0.5%Ni - 0.2%Mo - 0.4%C)
Steel Tensile strength
1040 hot rolled and normalized 86 ksi1040 quenched and tempered at 400 F 130 ksi8640 quenched and tempered at 400 F 270 ksi
(8640: Fe - 0.5%Cr - 0.5%Ni - 0.2%Mo - 0.4%C)
Apparently, changing carbon content changesmech props significantly
Apparently, changing carbon content changesmech props significantly
Steel Tensile strength
1040 hot rolled and normalized 86 ksi1040 quenched and tempered at 400 F 130 ksi8640 quenched and tempered at 400 F 270 ksi
(8640: Fe - 0.5%Cr - 0.5%Ni - 0.2%Mo - 0.4%C)
Steel Tensile strength
1040 hot rolled and normalized 86 ksi1040 quenched and tempered at 400 F 130 ksi8640 quenched and tempered at 400 F 270 ksi
(8640: Fe - 0.5%Cr - 0.5%Ni - 0.2%Mo - 0.4%C)
mechanical workmechanical work heat treatmentheat treatment
add alloying elementsadd alloying elements
What do these things do in steels?What do these things do in steels?
change C content
mechanical work
heat treat
alloying elements
change C content
mechanical work
heat treat
alloying elements
Changing structure changes propertiesChanging structure changes properties
change “structure”change “structure”
What about Al alloys?What about Al alloys?
Lotus Elise 190 hp 1984 lbs 0-60 mph - 4.9 sec top speed - 150 mph 27 mpg hiway $46KLotus Elise 190 hp 1984 lbs 0-60 mph - 4.9 sec top speed - 150 mph 27 mpg hiway $46K
Lotus versatile vehicle architecture system (VVA)
Lotus versatile vehicle architecture system (VVA)
Al???Al???
Almost completely "aluminum" - high pressure die-castings, stampings, and extrusions
Almost completely "aluminum" - high pressure die-castings, stampings, and extrusions
Advanced Materials & Processes, July 2005, p 29Advanced Materials & Processes, July 2005, p 29
1050 1145 2014 2024 2219 2618 3003 3004 3105 4032 4043 5005 5052 5083 5154 5182 5262 5652 6010 6061 6262 6463 7005 7050 7072 7075 7175 7178 7475 7229
.
.
.
1050 1145 2014 2024 2219 2618 3003 3004 3105 4032 4043 5005 5052 5083 5154 5182 5262 5652 6010 6061 6262 6463 7005 7050 7072 7075 7175 7178 7475 7229
.
.
.
OK…..which "aluminum" is it?OK…..which "aluminum" is it?
1050 1145 2014 2024 2219 2618 3003 3004 3105 4032 4043 5005 5052 5083 5154 5182 5262 5652 6010 6061 6262 6463 7005 7050 7072 7075 7175 7178 7475 7229
1050 1145 2014 2024 2219 2618 3003 3004 3105 4032 4043 5005 5052 5083 5154 5182 5262 5652 6010 6061 6262 6463 7005 7050 7072 7075 7175 7178 7475 7229
OK…..which "aluminum" is it?OK…..which "aluminum" is it?
Alloy designation NOT same as steelsAlloy designation NOT same as steels
In fact, no carbon at all in ordinary Al alloysIn fact, no carbon at all in ordinary Al alloys
Does NOT contain 0.61% carbonDoes NOT contain 0.61% carbon
1050 1145 2014 2024 2219 2618 3003 3004 3105 4032 4043 5005 5052 5083 5154 5182 5262 5652 6010 6061 6262 6463 7005 7050 7072 7075 7175 7178 7475 7229
1050 1145 2014 2024 2219 2618 3003 3004 3105 4032 4043 5005 5052 5083 5154 5182 5262 5652 6010 6061 6262 6463 7005 7050 7072 7075 7175 7178 7475 7229
Number Major alloy addition
1xxx -2xxx Cu3xxx Mn4xxx Si5xxx Mg6xxx Mg & Si7xxx Zn8xxx other
Number Major alloy addition
1xxx -2xxx Cu3xxx Mn4xxx Si5xxx Mg6xxx Mg & Si7xxx Zn8xxx other
Here’s the scoop -Here’s the scoop -
Al alloy containing 4.4% Cu (say 2024) can be heat treated to strength level much higher than that of pure Al
Al alloy containing 4.4% Cu (say 2024) can be heat treated to strength level much higher than that of pure Al
So, does alloying affect the properties?So, does alloying affect the properties?
Yield strength Tensile strength
Low-strength 30 ksi 60 ksi steel
Pure aluminum 5 ksi 13 ksi
Al alloy 2024-T4 47 ksi 68 ksi
Yield strength Tensile strength
Low-strength 30 ksi 60 ksi steel
Pure aluminum 5 ksi 13 ksi
Al alloy 2024-T4 47 ksi 68 ksi
Al alloy containing 4.4% Cu (say 2024) can be heat treated to strength level much higher than that of pure Al
Al alloy containing 4.4% Cu (say 2024) can be heat treated to strength level much higher than that of pure Al
So, does alloying affect the properties?So, does alloying affect the properties?
Yield strength Tensile strength
Low-strength 30 ksi 60 ksi steel
Pure aluminum 5 ksi 13 ksi
Al alloy 2024-T4 47 ksi 68 ksi
Yield strength Tensile strength
Low-strength 30 ksi 60 ksi steel
Pure aluminum 5 ksi 13 ksi
Al alloy 2024-T4 47 ksi 68 ksi
What’s this??What’s this??
T4 designates a heat treatment (Al alloys only)
"solution heat-treated, quenched, and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition"
T4 designates a heat treatment (Al alloys only)
"solution heat-treated, quenched, and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition"
Assignments for next class:
1. review today's classnotes; know steel andaluminum alloy designation schemes
2. check syllabus materials at:
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~ryba/coursework/259/matse%20259.html
3. Read:sects. 3.12, 4.3, 5.1pps. 261-262 start chapter 6
Assignments for next class:
1. review today's classnotes; know steel andaluminum alloy designation schemes
2. check syllabus materials at:
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~ryba/coursework/259/matse%20259.html
3. Read:sects. 3.12, 4.3, 5.1pps. 261-262 start chapter 6