discoveries of universe presentation

8/14/2019 Discoveries of Universe Presentation

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Discoveries of universe

Presented by :

UMEMA SHAHID ZUBERI


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AGENDA Universe Apollo era on moon

discoveries. Mercury discoveries Venus discoveries Mars discoveries

Jupiter discoveries Saturn discoveries Neptune discoveries Uranus discoveries Pluto discoveries

And other missions of universe


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APOLLO ERA ON MOONDISCOVERIES The moon is primordial object.

The moon is ancient and stillpreserves an early history.

The youngest moon rocks arevirtually as old as the oldest earthrocks.

The moon and earth geneticallyrelated.

The moon is lifeless.


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APOLLOERA ON

MOON DISCOVERIES All moon rocks originated

through high-temperatureprocess with little or noinvolvement of water.

The moon is slightlyasymmetrical.

The surface of moon is coveredby a rubber pile of rockfragments and dust.


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mercury

Mercury is the closestplanet to the sun andsecond smaller planet inthe solar system.

The united statesmariner10 became theonly spacecraft to reachmercury

Fastest orbiting planet


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Discoveries of universe

Mercury's orbit is so close to the Sun thatit is difficult to see.

Because the Sun is so bright, Mercury canonly be seen in twilight.

Timocharis made the first recordedobservation of Mercury in 265 BC.


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Missions to mercuryMission Launch DateArrival

DateMission

accomplishment

Mariner 10U.S.A

November 3 , 1977 March 24,1974 Took 10,000pictures,covered 57% of mercury


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VENUS

Galileo in 1610 wasfirst who observe thatVenus had a visible

disk and that it hadphases like moon.

Venus can be seenthrough naked eye.

Hottest planet of solar system


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MISSIONS TO VENUSMission Launch Date Mission Accomplishment

VENERAMISSION (USSR)

1961 to 1983 First probe to enter Venus atmosphere. Firstsuccessful landing of a spacecraft onanother planet. Transmitted first black andwhite pictures of the planet's surface.

Mariner Missions(USA)

1962 to 1973 Took pictures of Venus atmosphere.

Pioneer Missions (USA)

1978 First spacecraft to use radar to mapVenus surface.

Vega Missions(USSR)

1984 Conducted soil experiments.

Galileo (USAand Europe)

1989 Images of Venus. Used Venus to pickup speed on its way to Jupiter.


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Interesting facts aboutVenus

In the 1950's astronomers noticed thatVenus rotates in the opposite direction of Earth. On Venus, the Sun rises in the westand sets in the east.

Venus probably once had oceans, butthey all boiled away into the atmosphere


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MARS Mars is very bright, which makes it easy to spot in the night sky.

It was named after the Roman god of war because its reddishcolor reminded people of blood.

Mars has the tallest mountain (Olympus Mons) in the solar system, three times the size of Mt. Everest.


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MISSIONS TO MARS Mariner 4, 6, 7, & 9 Viking I & II Mars Observer Mars Pathfinder

Mars Global Surveyor Mars Polar Lander
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/viking_probes.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/mars_polar_lander.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/mars_polar_lander.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/viking_probes.htm


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LIFE ON MARS Mars might once have harbored life, and

living things might exist there even today.The evidence included complex organicmolecules, grains of a mineral calledmagnetite that can form within somekinds of bacteria, and tiny structures thatresemble fossilized microbes. Thescientists' conclusions are controversial,however. There is no general scientificagreement that Mars has ever harboredlife.

Discovery of Methane Reveals Mars IsNot a Dead Planet

A team of NASA and university scientistshas achieved the first definitive detectionof methane in the atmosphere of Mars.This discovery indicates that planet iseither biologically or geologically active.


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JUPITER Jupiter is the biggestplanet in our solar

system! It's also verybright in the sky.

Has the largest moonin our solar system

Pressure on Jupiter isso great it wouldcrush a spaceship


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MISSION TO JUPITERMission Launch Date Mission

AccomplishmentsPioneer 11(USA)

April 6, 1973 Pictures of Jupiter and its GreatRed Spot.

Voyager 1 (USA)

September 5, 1977 Photographs and information onJupiter's many moons.

Voyager 2

(USA)

August 20, 1977 Found that Jupiter's Great Red Spot isreally a complex storm.Found that Io, one of Jupiter's moons,

has active volcanoes Galileo (USAand Europe

October 18, 1989 Entered Jupiter's atmosphere.
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htm


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Saturn

Saturn, the sixth planet from theSun, is the second largest planetin the solar system.

It is often called the ringed planetbecause many rings of dust androcks surround it.

Saturn also has 22 moons

Has thousands of rings made of ice, dust, and rocks


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Mission to SaturnMISSION LAUNCHDATE MISSIONACCOMPLISHMENT

Pioneer 11

(USA)

April 6, 1973 Took pictures of Saturn.Discovered new rings and moons.

Voyager 1 (USA)

September 5,1977

Took pictures of Saturn's moons.Discovered how complex Saturnsrings were.

Cassini (USA,European SpaceAgency, Italy)

October 13,1997

Experiments will help scientistsunderstand Saturn's moons, rings, andatmosphere. Will send a probe intoTitan's atmosphere.
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htm


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Uranus

Astronomer WilliamHerschel discoveredUranus in 1781.

Using a telescope, hespotted a dim object.

He watched it for years and decided ithad to be a planetgiven its orbit.


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MISSION TO URANUS

In 1977, scientists saw Uranus blink severaltimes.

They later discovered that rings surrounding the

planet caused the blinking. These rings are very dark and narrow, unlike

Saturn's, which are bright and colorful.

Voyager II sent back many pictures that clearlyshow these rings


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Neptune Neptune wasn't discovered the

way all the other planets in our solar system were found.Astronomers didn't scan the skywith their powerful telescopes tofind Neptune. They used mathinstead!

French astronomer Leverrier and English astronomer JohnCouch Adams made themathematical calculations of

where Neptune should be in1843, and German astronomer Johann Galle found it in 1846


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MISSION TO NEPTUNE

Mission Launch Date MissionAccomplishments

Voyager 2 (USA)

August 20,1977

Took thousands of pictures of Neptune, itsrings, and its moons
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/voyager_1_and_2.htm


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Pluto Pluto, usually the ninth planet

from the Sun, is the smallestplanet in the solar system.

Some scientists believe thatPluto once was one of Neptunes moons. It pulled outof Neptunes atmosphere andmade its own orbit.

Pluto is the only planet that hasnot been visited by aspacecraft from Earth.

The Pluto Express probe hasbeen delayed.
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/pluto_express.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112188/pluto_express.htm


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The important thing is not to

stopquestioning.

- Albert Einstein


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discoveries of universe presentation

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