discoh scientific workshop 29-31 march 2012
DESCRIPTION
Sustainability of the Peruvian anchoveta -based supply chains from sea to plate ANCHOVETA-SC PROJECT status report Angel Avadi , IRD, Université Montpellier II. DISCOH Scientific Workshop 29-31 March 2012. Outline. The ANCHOVETA-SC project Supply chain modelling and evaluation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sustainability of the Peruvian anchoveta-based supply chains from sea to plate
ANCHOVETA-SC PROJECT status report
Angel Avadi, IRD, Université Montpellier II
DISCOH Scientific Workshop29-31 March 2012
Main project collaborators:• Marilú Bouchon, IMARPE• Camilo Cuba, UNFV• Dr. Pierre Fréon, IRD• Federico Iriarte, UNFV
• Ana Medina, IMARPE• Jesus Nuñez, IRD• Jorge Tam, IMARPE• Rosa Vinatea, UNFV
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Outline1. The ANCHOVETA-SC project2. Supply chain modelling and evaluation
– Modelling– Sustainability indicators
3. Initial LCA results
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ANCHOVETA-SC• Project financed by IRD and project partners• Coordinator: Pierre Fréon, IRD• Location: Peru• Duration: 4 years (01.2010 - 12-2013)• Theme: Environmental and socio-economic
assessment of major international supply chains consuming Peruvian anchoveta (aligned to WP5 DISCOH)
• Outputs: – Sustainability assessment– Policy and sustainability suggestions– PhD thesis (plus other theses)
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Focus1. Characterisation of biophisical flows along
the supply chains (SC)– Featuring ecosystem-SC interactions
2. Comparison of scenarios based on different fishing intensities and “fate” of landings (DHC vs IHC)
3. Sustainability comparison of chains/scenarios based upon:– Energy performance– Environmental impacts (LCA)– Seafood-specific impact categories– Nutritional value– Selected socio-economic indicators
Marine Ecosystem Extraction Trans-
formationAqua-culture
DHC
IHC
Harvest
• Anchoveta catches• Predatorscatches• Catches for DHC or IHC
• Final product
Fate
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1) Simplified SC diagramEc
osys
tem
dyn
amic
s
Fisheries
Emissions
Inputs
DHC processing
Emissions
Inputs
Reduction
Emissions
Inputs
Anchoveta,predators
Anchoveta Aquafeed
Emissions
Inputs(including
crops)
Aquaculture
Emissions
Inputs
Con-sumption
Canned, cured, frozen
Chinese finfish?European salmon?Shrimp?
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Modelling ecosystem-SC interactionsEcopath with Ecosym
Trophic model
UmbertoMaterial and energy
flow model
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2) Scenarios and 3) Indicators
• To compare feed ingredients, feed formulations and seafood products:
– Gross energy content (MJ/kg)– Edible protein Energy Return
On Investment (%) – Biotic Resource Use (g C/kg) – Ecological Footprint (ha/t)
• To compare intermediate and final seafood products, and competing supply chains:
– LCA impact categories – Socio-economic indicators (to
be defined)
Status quo(maximum anchoveta
stock exploitation)
Status quo(1-2% DHC)
Status quo(maximum anchoveta
stock exploitation)
Increase in DHC(10-15% DHC)
Diversification(reduction of anchoveta
catches + increase of predator catches)
Mixed model with anchoveta DHC/IHC
and anchoveta predators DHC
Harvest Fate Indicators rationale
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LCAs carried out
• Two fishmeal plants:– a conventional one
producing only Fair Average Quality (FAQ) fishmeal and using mainly heavy fuel as energy source
– a more modern steam plant producing both FAQ and prime quality fishmeal and using both heavy fuel and natural gas
• Detailed inventories of industrial anchoveta fleet under processing– preliminary LCA of
representative “average“ 395 m3 vessel category
• Two aquafeed plants (Iquitos)– A pilot facility and a working
commercial facility
• One aquaculture farm (Iquitos)– Peruvian Amazonian species
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Iquitos Colossoma farm• Colossoma macropomum (Gamitana), a large Amazonian fish• Farm: 30 ha, converted from rain forest, 11.2 ha of ponds (no
wastewater treatment), production: 100 t/a, feed: 150 t/a
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Network: Colossoma farm
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Characterisation: Colossoma farm• Main impact contributors: feed and rain forest
transformationFRY
Marine ecotox
icity
Freshwater
ecotoxicity
Freshwater eutrophicatio
n
Terrestrial
acidification
Photochemical oxidant formatio
n
Ozone depleti
on
Urban land
occupation
Terrestrial
ecotoxicity
Ionising
radiation
Agricultural land
occupation
Climate
change
Ecosystems
Natural land
transformation
Particulate
matter formatio
n
Human
toxicity
Climate change Human Health
Metal deplet
ion
Fossil depleti
on
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Iquitos Aquafeed plants• 2 plants visited:
– 30 t/a IIAP plant – 8 t/m commercial plant (competing with Purina, etc.)
• < 6% Peruvian fishmeal content in feeds• > 33% Bolivian soymeal content• > 45% local cornmeal content
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Network: Aquafeed plant (8 t/m)
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Characterisation: Aquafeed plant• Main impact contributor: use phase
Marine ecotox
icity
Freshwater
ecotoxicity
Freshwater eutrophicatio
n
Terrestrial
acidification
Photochemical oxidant formatio
n
Ozone depleti
on
Urban land
occupation
Terrestrial
ecotoxicity
Ionising
radiation
Agricultural land
occupation
Climate
change
Ecosystems
Natural land
transformation
Particulate
matter formatio
n
Human
toxicity
Climate change Human Health
Metal deplet
ion
Fossil depleti
on
LCA FISHMEAL PLANT
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Aquafeed plant use phase• Impact contributors in use phase:
– oil-powered electricity – feed ingredients, mainly Bolivian soymeal (due to clearcutting in Bolivia)
Marine ecotox
icity
Freshwater
ecotoxicity
Freshwater
eutrophication
Terrestrial
acidification
Photochemical oxidant
formation
Ozone
depletion
Urban land
occupation
Terrestrial
ecotoxicity
Ionising
radiation
Agricultural land
occupation
Climate change Ecosyst
ems
Natural land
transformation
Particulate
matter formatio
n
Human
toxicity
Climate change Human Health
Metal depletio
n
Fossil depletion
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Network: Hypothetical trout feed plant
(43% fishmeal)
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Comparison of feed plants
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Network: Fishing vessel 395 m3
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Design remarks• Key aquaculture products haven’t been characterised
for Peruvian conditions– E.g. Peruvian rice and corn.– Proxies were used and adaptations introduced when
possible (e.g. Bolivian soymeal adapted from Brazilian)• Key industrial products haven’t been characterised,
yet it’s composition is known/estimated– E.g. electric and combustion engines
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LCA results• Construction and maintenance of (reduction, feed)
plants contributes negligibly• Fuel use is the main contributor to impacts in all
activities (fishing, reduction, feed processing)• Feed provision is the main contributor to impacts in
extensive Peruvian aquaculture• The sourcing of feed ingredients is a critical factor for
associated environmental impacts of feeds– E.g. Brazilian soymeal performing much worst than Bolivian
one, due to clear cutting of rain forest vs. of shrublands.
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Further (ongoing) work• EwE scenarios definition and integration with Umberto• Selection of and data gathering for socio-economic indicators• Statistical processing of fleet inventories and comprehensive
LCA of fleet categories• Further LCAs:
– Canning, curing and freezing plants– Carnivore fish and shrimp aquaculture farms
• Gathering supply chains operative data and LCIs– Background processes for provision of feed ingredients– Published LCI/LCA data must be recalculated to ensure consistency
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Gracias por su atención… Preguntas, comentarios?
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