Disclaimer: You are responsible for anything we have covered in lecture, lab, or the field through Week 7 (March 4,5). This powerpoint serves as a guideline of general concepts we thought were important from each week. Things may appear on the exam that are not outlined in this review.

Format: The midterm exam will be in a practical format, with different stations spaced out around

the room. Each question will be worth 1 total point and there will be 40 total questions.

Fish AnatomyWeek 1

• Definition of Fish Ecology

• External structures

• Fin names, operculum, nares, etc.

• Internal structures

• Liver, heart, kidney, swim bladder, gonads, etc.

• Different Scale types

• Gill Rakers

• Teeth

• Caudal Fin Forms

Functional Morphologyweek 2

Know cladogram traits

Major Trends in Fish Evolution• Changes in cranium and jaw structure

– Branchiostegal rays – Pre-maxilla separation

• Changes in movement– Loss of external armor– Fins– Air bladders

Basic Body Shape

• Fusiform

• Laterally compressed (Deep-Bodied)

• Dorso-ventrally compressed (Flat-fish)

• Cylindrical/Attenuated

Basic Mouth Types

Superior

Terminal

Sub-Terminal Inferior

Mouth Shapes

• O - shaped (maximum area to perimeter) – Creates a vacuum in the water– expanding pre-maxila outward– Found commonly in Planktivores

• V-Shape or Duck Bill Shape– Vacuum less directed and less powerful– Allows for prey capture from the side– Found commonly in large Piscivores

Put it together with fin placement:

Body type/Specialists

• Rover predators• Lie and wait predators (fast start)

– Acceleration specialists• Maneuvering Specialist• Bottom Rovers• Bottom Clingers

Week 21st half of WI fishes

• Families• Common names• Functional morph questions are fair

game• Habitat/habit questions are fair game if

discussed in lecture

Week 3Population Ecology

• Trophic Cascade paper– Concepts, main points, figures– What is a model

• Different levels to study ecology• Defining populations• Density Dependence• Mark/Recapture analysis• Patterns of mortality• Autecology: habitat factors/niche• How to ID unknown fish with a Becker Key

Week 4Bioenergetics

Model and analogy

Consumption = Metabolism + Waste + Growth

Consumption = incomeMetabolism = rentWastes = taxesGrowth = savings account

Model Components:

Consumption

C =

Gonads Reproduction

ΔBiomass Growth

+ (ΔB + G)

Respiration Basal Metabolism

Active Metabolism Costs from activity

Specific Dynamic Action Costs from digestion

(R + A + S)

Egestion-F & Excretion -U

+ (F + U)

What we need to run the model?How do we get the data?

• Growth• Temperatures• Diets

– Energy density of prey• Basic physiological parameters

– Egestion/excretion– Specific dynamic action– Basal metabolism– Active metabolism

All processes are temp. and size dependent

p-value = proportion of max consumption

Consumption and Respiration Temperature Dependent

Spe

cific

Rat

e (g

/g/d

)

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.00

5 10 15 20 25 30

Temperature (C)

growth

SDA

excretion

egestion

Consumption = Cmax

starvation

Upper lethal

loss of growth

respiration

“Golden Banana”

Consumption and Respiration Size Dependent

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Spe

cific

Con

sum

ptio

n g/

g/d

Maxim

um C

onsumption g//d

8

6

4

2

5 10 15 20 25

Weight (g)

Week 5

Competition and Exotics• Basic types of species interactions

• Types of competition

• Fundamental vs Realized Niches

• Resource Partitioning/species packing

• Evidence of Competition (how we measure it)

• Lotka – Volterra equations

• Parameters, isoclines, graph interpretation

Week 5

Competition and Exotics• Three stages of invasion

•Common vectors/modes of transport of exotics

•Common traits of exotics that make them successful

• Influential exotic species in WI

• Alewife, goby, zebra mussels, asian carp, spiny water flea, etc.