discharge data report - h&m press site...this study was conducted to investigate the current...

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DISCHARGE DATA REPORT February 2013

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Table of Contents

I. Executive Summary ......................................................................................... 2

II. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3

III. Objective ......................................................................................................... 4

IV. Methodology .................................................................................................. 4

V. Results ............................................................................................................. 5

IV. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 17

V. Action Plan .................................................................................................... 18

References ........................................................................................................... 19

Appendix A: Standard procedure for environmental sampling ............................ 20

Appendix B: List of Analytes ................................................................................ 21

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I. Executive Summary

Stringent chemical requirements have long been imposed in production; we ban chemicals that

are considered hazardous for use in production process, and sets limit values for finished

products through our Restricted Substances List or RSL1).

Our Chemical Restrictions on our products are as a minimum always based on the highest legal

standard in any of our sales countries as well as on information from authorities, NGOs and

scientific reports.

This study however, does not focus on the chemical contents in our products, but rather, on the

chemical contents in the wastewater discharged from manufacturing processes. This brings us

to our aim; to verify whether certain chemical groups are in the wastewater discharge of

factories.

It has taken us almost 1 year to conduct this study, from planning to delivering this report. We

have chosen to make this verification for 11 groups of chemicals; what we call the ‘Priority 11’.

Although this study is only pilot, the selection represents factories that conducts highly water

intensive processes, located in key production markets; China, Bangladesh & India.

We acknowledge that the outcome of this study only provides a snapshot of the situation;

however, we have been able to draw strong patterns from the results collected, providing us

with a clearer next step towards tackling our goal towards zero discharge of hazardous

chemicals 2020.

Key findings

Traces of 5 out of 11 priority chemicals were found in wastewater discharge.

ONE Chemical group2 seems to originate from incoming water rather than manufacturing

processes.

All discharge data meet local wastewater legislations.3

Most results meet WHO’s suggested Daily Tolerable Intake.4

Some results meet drinking water legislations.5

1 C&A’s RSL, H&M’s RSL, G-Star’s RSL

2 Chlorobenzenes

3 Local meaning where the water was tested; Bangladesh, China and India

4 Based on Result of this study

5 Based on Available Data

http://www.c-and-a.com/uk/en/corporate/fileadmin/templates/master/img/fashion_updates/International_Press_Releases/RSL_version_19.09.2012.pdf

http://about.hm.com/content/dam/hm/about/documents/masterlanguage/CSR/Policies/Chemical%20Restrictions_2012.pdf

http://www.g-star.com/en/corporate-responsibility/responsible-supply-chain/restricted-substance-list/

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II. Introduction

To lead the Apparel and Footwear Industry towards Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals

(ZDHC) by 2020, a Joint Roadmap, which involves various specific projects and actions, was

developed in 2011 by brands to drive the industry to reach the goal. The benchmark study is

one of the projects in the Joint Roadmap. The aim of this study is to determine whether the 9+2

chemicals groups are discharged from factories by onsite audits, inventories and analytics. The

9+2 chemicals involved in study are:

1. Alkylphenols (APs) & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs),

2. Azo Dyes6,

3. Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants,

4. Chlorinated solvents,

5. Chlorobenzenes,

6. Chlorophenols,

7. Organotin Compounds,

8. Phthalates,

9. Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs),

10. Heavy Metals7,

11. Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

The study was carried out in factories from three major production countries, China,

Bangladesh and India. This project was carried out in co-operation with Bureau Veritas

Consumer Product Service Ltd (BVCPs), which is responsible for chemical testing, and

Sustainable Textile Solutions (STS), which performs onsite audit. In this report, the results of the

study are presented and the action plans for reducing the discharged of chemicals are proposed.

6 Those Azo dyes that may release carcinogenic amines as defined in Annex XVII of REACH

7 Heavy Metal includes Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Chromium VI

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III. Objective

This study was conducted to investigate the current situation on discharge of hazardous

chemicals from manufacturing processes and to design an action plan in order to achieve the

commitment towards Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) by 2020.

IV. Methodology

The study had two major steps. First, environmental samples, including incoming water,

discharged waste water and discharged sludge, were collected from factories and tested for the

presence of 9+2 chemicals by Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Service Ltd (BVCPs). The

collection of environmental samples was performed according to international standards as

listed in Appendix A. Particularly, the environmental samples were collected in the period

between 2.00-5.00 pm, during which the factories were operating under normal load.

The second step was an on-site factory audit performed by Sustainable Textile Solutions (STS).

When restricted chemicals were found in the chemical tests carried out by BVCPs, an on-site

audit at the factories was carried out by STS in order to identify the possible sources of the

restricted chemicals

The study was conducted on 11 major suppliers from three major production countries, (i)

China (3 units), (ii) Bangladesh (5 units) and (iii) India (3 units).

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V. Results

1. Chemicals found in discharged samples

In the study, the 93 restricted analytes8 corresponding to 9+2 chemicals groups in discharged

waste water were tested. The results of the chemical tests showed that 16 analytes (17.2%)

were detected and 77 analytes (82.8%) were not detected in discharged waste water samples

(Figure 1). The 16 detected analytes belong to five chemical groups, Azo Dyes6, Chlorobenzenes,

Phthalates, Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs), and Heavy Metals7 (Table 1).

Table 1.List of detected and non-detected chemical groups in discharged waste water samples.

Chemical groups Detected chemicals in discharged samples

1. Azo Dyes6, 2. Chlorobenzenes, 3. Phthalates, 4. Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) 5. Heavy Metals7, except Chromium VI (Cr VI)

Non-detected chemicals in discharged samples

6. Alkylphenols (APs) & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs) 7. Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants 8. Chlorinated solvents 9. Chlorophenols 10. Organotin Compounds 11. Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

8 The list of restricted chemicals is listed in Appendix B

17.20%

82.80%

Figure1 . Chemicals found in discharged waste water samples

% of Non-detected chemicals

% of Detected chemicals

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The number of factories with the five chemical groups detected and six chemical groups not

detected is summarized in figure 2. Particularly, SCCPs was found in 10 out of the 11 factories

chosen for the study.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0

2

0 0

6

0

5

0 0

6

10

Figure 2. Number of factories which 9+2 chemcials were detected in discharged samples

No

. of

fact

ori

es

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2. Determination of origins of the detected chemicals in

discharged waste water

The restricted chemicals detected in discharged waste water could be originated from the

incoming water of factories and/or manufacturing processes. Therefore, the incoming water

was also collected and subjected to chemical tests, from which the “background concentration”

of the chemicals can be determined (the sources of incoming water of factories from the three

countries are shown in Table 2). By subtracting the concentration of chemicals in discharged

waste water with the background concentration (those detected in incoming water), the

concentration of chemicals originated from the manufacturing processes can be obtained.

Table 2. Sources of Incoming water from factories located in three countries.

Number of factories

Factories Types Location of factories Collection point of Incoming Water

CH

INA

3 1) Dyeing units Jiangsu 1) River

2) Washing unit 2) Ground Water

BA

NG

LAD

ESH

5

1) Vertical dyeing and printing units

Dhaka

All from ground water

2) Yarn dyeing unit

3) Garment washing unit

IND

IA

3

1) Garment Washing unit

1)Haryana 1) Ground Water 2) Tank & Ground Water 3) Tank

2) Dyeing and Printing unit

2) Uttar Pradesh

3)Fabric Dyeing unit 3) Karnataka

The analytical results obtained for the tests for the five groups of detected chemicals in

incoming water from the three countries are shown in table 3. In general, the restricted

chemicals found in discharged waste water were also detected in a significant amount in the

incoming water. In many cases, the concentrations of restricted chemicals in incoming water

were similar to or even higher than those in discharged waste water (highlighted as red in Table

3). These data indicated that many of the chemicals found in discharged waste water were

mainly originated from incoming water, but not from the manufacturing processes. For

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example, Chlorobenzenes detected in factories from all three countries and some Phthalates

detected in factories from India were mostly due to incoming water.

However, for some Azo dyes6, some Phthalates, SCCPs and some Heavy Metals7, the detected

concentrations in discharged waste water were higher than those in incoming water, indicating

that a proportion of these chemicals were produced during manufacturing processes.

Table 3. Summary Table of Concentration of chemicals group detected in incoming water, discharged

waste water and actual concentration discharged from waste water in China, Bangladesh and India.

Chemical Groups

Detected Chemicals

Concentration (ppm) in Incoming Water

Concentration (ppm) in Discharged Water

Actual Concentration (ppm) in Discharged Water

C B I C B I C B I

Ph

thal

ate

s

BBP ND ND ND ND ND 0.0012 ND ND 0.0012

DBP 0.0050 ND 0.0032 0.2952 ND 0.0017 0.2902 ND -0.0015

DEHP 0.0275 ND 0.0024 0.0418 ND 0.0050 0.0143 ND 0.0026

DNOP ND ND 0.0040 ND ND ND ND ND -0.0040

DIDP ND ND ND ND ND 0.0022 ND ND 0.0022

DMP ND ND 0.0054 0.0647 ND 0.0014 0.0647 ND -0.0040

DEP 0.0011 ND 0.0014 0.0052 ND ND 0.0041 ND -0.0014

DIBP 0.0080 ND ND 0.0254 ND 0.0011 0.0174 ND 0.0011

DNP ND ND ND ND ND 0.0010 ND ND 0.0010

Azo

Dye

s

4-Aminoazobenzene ND ND ND ND ND 5.3688 ND ND 5.3688 Aniline ND ND ND ND ND 0.2803 ND ND 0.2803 4-Chloroaniline ND ND ND ND 0.0008 ND ND 0.0008 ND

Ch

loro

be

n

zen

es

Chlorobenzene 0.0820 ND 2.1453 0.0514 ND 1.1790 -0.0306 ND -0.9663

Dichlorobenzene ND ND 0.0057 ND ND ND ND ND -0.0057

Trichlorobenzene ND ND 0.0001 ND ND ND ND ND -0.0001

SCCPs SCCPs 0.0314 0.0004 0.0098 0.0251 0.0011 0.0169 -0.0063 0.0007 0.0071

He

avy

Me

tal

Cadmium (Cd) ND ND ND ND 0.0109 0.0001 ND 0.0109 0.0001

Lead (Pb) 0.0018 0.0145 0.0268 0.0028 0.0010 0.0158 0.0010 -0.0135 -0.0110

Mercury (Hg) ND ND ND 0.0001 ND ND 0.0001 ND ND

Remarks: C: China; B: Bangladesh, I: India, ND: Not detected

The results obtained in table 3 from three countries are averaged and compared by each

chemical group as shown in Figure 3. From the figures, it obviously shows that the Azo dyes6

were mainly originated by manufacturing process and Chlorobenzenes was mainly originated

from incoming water.

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-0.2

0.3

0.8

1.3

1.8

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 3. Averaged concentration in Incoming water, discharged waste water and actual discharged in waste water

Incoming Water

Discharged Water

Discharged Water withoutbackground concentration

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0.0035

0.0045

Heavy Metals

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

-0.15

-0.05

0.05

0.15

0.25

0.35

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Azo Dyes

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

Phthalates

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

SCCPs

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Chlorobenzenes

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3. Sources of detected chemicals in discharged waste water

originated from manufacturing processes

The possible sources of the detected chemical groups present in supply chain are summarized

in Table 4. This information provides indications on how to eliminate the hazardous chemicals

discharged from the manufacturing processes.

Table 4. Possible sources of detected chemicals in manufacturing processes.9

Detected chemicals in discharged waste water

Possible sources

Azo Dyes

1) Used as colorants in dyes and pigments, such as Acid Dyes , Basic Dyes , Pigments,

Reactive Dyes, Direct Dyes & Disperse Dyes.

2) Act as polyurethane based cross linker/emulsions (2,4-toulenediamine /4-methyl-

m-phenylenediamine).

Heavy Metals

1) Present in metals or alloys, such as metal pipings in factory for transporting raw

water.

2) Present in metal complex dyestuffs, Fluro pigments, paints, & dye-fixing agents.

3) The chemicals used in analysis for in house chemical tests, i.e., titrations (Mercuric

sulphate / chloride, Potassium Dichromate)

4) Impurities from metal salts used in Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and other

activities

Phthalates

1) Generally used as softener for plastics (plasticizers).

2) Present in print paste, plastisol ink, table gums for positional printing.

3) Present in adhesives

Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs)

1) Commonly present in oil based chemicals, e.g. spinning /knitting oil, de-dusting

oils, or other types of industrial oils

2) Present in spot removers, degreasing chemicals for printing mesh cleaning /

machinery, printing chemicals, & table gums.

9 The possible sources of each detected chemical groups listed in table are not claimed to be complete.

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4. Compare the amount of 9+2 chemicals in discharged waste

water with water quality standard of World Health Organizati on

(WHO) and other legislations

The 9+2 chemicals discharged in waste water could threaten human health possibly through

direct consumption and accumulation in aquatic life followed by incorporation to human

through consumption of aquatic foods. In this part, the safety level of the discharged waste

water with respect to direct consumption was evaluated by comparing the amount of the

chemicals detected in discharged waste water with the limits of those chemicals in drinking

water suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as stated in legislations from

different countries. In addition, the effect of the detected chemicals to aquatic life was

evaluated by comparing the amount of detected chemicals with the limits of those chemicals in

waste water set by legislations from different countries.

4.1. Comparison of the amount of detected chemicals in discharged

waste water with the limits for drinking water suggested by WHO and

legislations

4.1.1. Comparison with limits suggested by WHO

The concentrations of the chemicals found in discharged water were compared with the safety

levels of these chemicals in drinking water recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).

The WHO states that the Daily Intake (DI) level of a specific chemical must be lower than the

Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI), which refers to the daily amount of a chemical that has been

assessed to be safe throughout the lifetime. Among the five chemical groups detected in

discharged waste water, only TDI of Chlorobenzenes, Heavy Metals7, and some Phthalates are

available, therefore only these three chemical groups are evaluated.

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The Daily Intake (DI) of each chemical can be calculated by the following formula10

:

Daily Intake, DI (mg/L) = Concentration of detected chemicals (mg/kg) x Volume of Intake Water per day (L/day) / Body Weight (Kg)

Assumption:

I. Volume of Intake water per day = 2 Liters II. Averaged adult body weight = 60 kg

The DI of each detected chemical was calculated by taking the highest measured concentration

among the analytical data in order to have an insight into the highest risk of the chemicals to

health. The DI for each detected substance is calculated and shown in Figure 4 to 6.

Among the three chemical groups evaluated, the DI of Chlorobenzenes and Heavy Metals7 are

lower than the TDI values, indicating that the presence of these two groups of chemicals did not

exert adverse effect on health (Figure 4 & 5). However, the DI of one Phthalate, DBP, was

higher than the TDI value, showing that this chemical might pose risks to health (Figure 6).

According to the information from European Union (Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008), Phthalates

not only causes infertility to humans and damage the unborn child, but also are highly toxic to

aquatic life. Therefore, actions should be taken to reduce the amount of this hazardous

chemical group, i.e., Phthalates, in discharged waste water.

10

Reference to Toxicology Letters 127(2002) 29-41, “Food contamination by metals and pesticides in the European Union. Should we worry?”

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0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004

Cadmium (Cd)

Mercury (Hg)

Lead (Pb)

Cadmium (Cd) Mercury (Hg) Lead (Pb)

TDI (mg/kg) 0.001 0.002 0.004

Calculated DI (mg/kg) 0.00072 0.000004 0.00053

Figure 4. Daily Intake (DI) of Heavy metals in discharged waste water

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15

Chlorobenzene

Chlorobenzene

TDI (mg/kg) 0.086

Calculated DI (mg/kg) 0.06840

Figure 5. Daily Intake (DI) of Chlorobenzenes in discharged waste water

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

BBP

DBP

DEHP

DIDP

BBP DBP DEHP DIDP

TDI (mg/kg) 0.500 0.010 0.050 0.150

Calculated DI (mg/kg) 0.00006 0.02673 0.00212 0.00007

Figure6. Daily Intake (DI) of Phthalates in discharged waste water

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4.1.2. Comparison with limits stated in legislations

The concentrations of the chemicals detected in discharged water were also compared with the

limits stated in legislations of five different countries, including US, EU, India, China, and

Bangladesh. There are only limits of three chemical groups, Chlorobenzenes, Phthalates (DEHP)

and Heavy Metals7, available, therefore only data of these three chemical groups were

compared. According to figures 7 to 9, the concentrations of these three chemical groups were

higher than the restricted limits in legislations of all countries, indicating that the discharged

waste water generally cannot fulfill the requirement of legislations.

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

Cadmium Cr* Lead Mercury

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 9. Heavy metal requirement in drinking water

0

1

2

3

Chlorobenzene

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 7. Chlorobenzens requirement in drinking water

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

DEHP

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 8. DEHP requirement in drinking water

EU

USA

Bangladesh

China

India

Highest Measuredconcentration

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4.2. Comparison of the amount of detected chemicals in discharged

waste water with the limits for waste water stated in legislations

The chemical contents in waste water are controlled by legislations in order to reduce the

effects of chemicals into aquatic life and the subsequent threat to humans upon their intake of

aquatic foods. For developing countries, i.e., China, India, and Bangladesh, only the legislation

limit for Heavy Metals7 is available for comparison, while for developed countries, i.e., US and

EU, the legislation limits for Heavy Metals7 as well as the other chemical groups,

Chlorobenzenes, Phthalates (DEHP) and Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins, are available.

For Heavy Metals7, the limits in legislations of developed countries are more restrictive than

those in developing countries. As shown in figure 10, the amount of Heavy Metals7 detected in

discharged waste water was lower than the limits for developing countries, showing that the

discharged waste water can fulfill the requirement of developing countries. However, the

Heavy Metals7 content of discharged waste water was higher than the limits for developed

countries (Figure 11). For the other chemical groups, Phthalates (DEHP), Short Chain

Chlorinated Paraffins, and Chlorobenzenes, for which the limits for developed countries are

available, their amount found in discharged waste water were generally higher than the limits

(Figures 12 to 14). These data indicated that the chemical contents of the discharged waste

water of collected samples in general cannot fulfill the requirement of developed countries.

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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Cadmium Chromium VI Lead Mercury

Co

ncn

etr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 10. Heavy metal requirement in waste water of developing countries

Bangladesh

India

China

Highest Measured concentration

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

DEHP

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 12. DEHP requirement in waste water

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

SCCPs

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 13. SCCPs requirement in waste water

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Chlorobenzene

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 14. Chlorobenzene requirement in waste water

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

Cadmium Chromium VI Lead Mercury

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Figure 11. Heavy metal requirement in waste water of developed countries

EU

US

Highest Measured concentration

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IV. Conclusion

The discharge of 9+2 chemicals in waste water from factories were investigated in this study.

Eleven factories from three countries, China, Bangladesh and India, were involved in this study.

Among the eleven (9+2) chemicals, five chemical groups, Azo dyes6, Chlorobenzenes,

Phthalates, Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs), and Heavy Metals7, were detected in

discharged waste water.

To examine the detected chemical groups in discharged waste water were mainly from

incoming water or manufacturing processes, incoming water of factories was also taken for

chemical tests, and the amount of chemicals originated from the manufacturing processes

could be obtained by subtracting the amount of chemicals detected in discharged waste water

by that in incoming water. The results showed that major portions of detected chemicals,

especially Chlorobenzenes, were indeed originated from incoming water, and only small

portions of detected chemical groups were actually originated from manufacturing processes.

The detected chemicals produced from manufacturing processes could be resulted from dyes,

auxiliary agents and even contaminants.

To evaluate the threat of the chemical contents in discharged waste water, the amount of three

detected chemicals, Phthalates, Heavy Metals7 and Chlorobenzene, in discharged waste water

were compared with the safety levels of those chemicals in drinking water suggested by the

WHO and legislations in developed (EU & US) and developing (Bangladesh, China and India)

countries. The results here indicated that the amount of Chlorobenzene and Heavy Metals7

found in discharged waste water were within the safety level suggested by WHO. However, the

Phthalates content of discharged waste water could not fulfill the requirement suggested by

the WHO. When comparing with the legislations, the amount of all the three chemical groups

could not fulfill the requirements. These data indicated that efforts are required to reduce the

discharge of these chemical groups, particularly Phthalates which exceeded the limits

suggested by both WHO and legislations.

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Besides the comparison with the requirements of drinking water, the amount of chemicals

detected in discharged waste water was also compared to the legislative requirements for

waste water in order to evaluate the effects of chemicals to aquatic life and the subsequent

threat to humans upon intake of aquatic foods. The results showed that the Heavy Metals7

content in discharged waste water complied with the legislative requirement in developing

countries. However, the amount of Heavy Metals7 as well as three other chemical groups,

Chlorobenzenes, Phthalates (DEHP), Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins, exceeded the

requirement of developed countries. These results revealed that further efforts should be paid

to reduce the discharge of these chemicals.

V. Action Plan

The results of the study provides a snapshot on the current situation of 9+2 chemicals

discharged from factories, and an insight for brands to address the phase-out plan (Project P02

of Joint Roadmap) for the chemicals detected in this study.

Among the eleven (9+2) chemical groups, five chemical groups, Azo dyes6, Chlorobenzenes,

Phthalates, Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs), and Heavy Metals7, were found in

discharged waste water in this study. Chlorobenzenes was found to be mainly originated from

incoming water, and the other four detected chemical groups (Azo dyes6, Phthalates, Short

Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs), and Heavy Metals7) were determined to be originated from

manufacturing processes.

Based on the results obtained, the action plan for the coming projects will be divided into two

directions, Monitoring and Implementing. Although Chlorobenzenes and the six non-detected

chemical groups were not discharged from manufacturing processes, these chemicals might

exist in supply chain, e.g., some chemicals might incorporate into products or evaporate during

processing. Therefore, close monitoring of these chemicals are required to prevent the use of

them in manufacturing processing. For the four chemical groups originated from manufacturing

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process, particular actions should be implemented by different sectors, e.g., chemical suppliers,

factories, and governments, in order to reach zero discharge of these hazardous chemicals.

Picture 1. Action plan for phase out 9+2 chemicals

References

1) Indian Standard, Drinking-water Specification (First Revision), IS 10500:1991 Edition 2.2

2) Code of Federal Regulation 40, Parts 136-149, Protection of Environment

3) European Council Directive 98/83/EC, 2009

4) The Environment Conservation Rules, 1997

5) Official Journal of the European Union, Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of

the Council

6) Discharge standard of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry, GB4287-2012

7) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition, World Health Organization

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Appendix A: Standard procedure for environmental sampling

1) US EPA Guidelines – Regulatory monitoring and testing Water and wastewater sampling

2) Australia EPA (Victoria) Guideline – Sampling and Analysis of Waters, Wastewaters, Soils and Wastes.

3) ISO 5667-3, Water Quality – Sampling – Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water samples

4) ASTM D3976-92 (Reapproved 2010) – Standard Practice for preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis.

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Appendix B: List of Analytes

No. Chemical Groups Name of Analytes CAS-No.

1

Phthalates

Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) 85-68-7

2 Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 84-74-2

3 Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) 117-81-7

4 Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) 117-84-0

5 Di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) 28553-12-0 &

68515-48-0

6 Di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP) 26761-40-0 &

68515-49-1

7 Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 131-11-3

8 Diethyl phthalate (DEP) 84-66-2

9 Di-n-propyl phthalate (DPRP) 131-16-8

10 Di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP) 84-69-5

11 Di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) 84-61-7

12 Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP) 84-75-3

13 Dinonyl phthalate (DNP) 84-76-4

14 Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP) 27554-26-3

15 Dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) 117-82-8

16

Brominated Flame Retardants

Polybromobiphenyls (PBBs) Various

17 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TRIS) 126-72-7

18 Polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Various

19 Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) 79-94-7

20 Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate 5412-25-9

21 Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) 3194-55-6

22 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (BBMP) 3296-90-0

23 Chlorinated Flame Retardants

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) 115-96-8

24 Tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCP) 13674-87-8

25

Aromatic Amines in Azo Colorants

4-Aminodiphenyl (Biphenyl-4-ylamine or Xenylamine) 92-67-1

26 Benzidine 92-87-5

27 4-Chloro-o-toluidine 95-69-2

28 2-Naphthylamine 91-59-8

29 o-Aminoazotoluene (4-Amino-2`,3-dimethylazobenzne or 4-o-tolyazo-o-toluidine)

97-56-3

30 5-nitro-o-toluidine (2-Amino-4-nitrotoluene) 99-55-8

31 4-Chloroaniline (p-Chloroaniline) 106-47-8

32 4-Methoxy-m-phenylenediamine (2,4-Diaminoanisole) 615-05-4

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33

Aromatic Amines in Azo Colorants

4,4`-Diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4`-Methylenedianiline)

101-77-9

34 3,3`-Dichlorobenzidine (3,3`-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4`-ylenediamine)

91-94-1

35 3,3`-Dimethoxybenzidine (o-Dianisidine) 119-90-4

36 3,3`-Dimethylbenzidine (4,4`-Bi-o-tolidine) 119-93-7

37 4,4`-Methylenedi-o-toluidine (3,3`-Dimethyl- 4,4`-diaminodiphenylmethane)

838-88-0

38 p-Cresidine (6-Methoxy-m-toluidine) 120-71-8

39 4,4`-Methylene-bis-(2-chloraniline) (2,2`-Dichloro-4,4`-methylene-dianiline)

101-14-4

40 4,4`-Oxydianiline 101-80-4

41 4,4`-Thiodianiline 139-65-1

42 o-Toluidine (2-Aminotoluene) 95-53-4

43 4-Methyl-m-phenylenediamine (2,4-Toluenediamine) 95-80-7

44 2,4,5-Trimethylaniline 137-17-7

45 o-Anisidine (2-Methoxyaniline) 90-04-0

46 4-Aminoazobenzene (p-Aminoazobenzene) 60-09-3

47 2,4-Xylidine (2,4-dimethylaniline) 95-68-1

48 2,6-Xylidine (2,6-dimethylaniline) 87-62-7

49 Aniline 62-53-3

50

Organotin Compounds

Dibutyltin (DBT)

Various

51 Dioctyltin (DOT)

52 Tributyltin (TBT)

53 Triphenyltin (TPhT)

54 Tricyclohexyltin (TCyHT)

55 Trioctyltin (TOT)

56 Tripropyltin (TPT)

57

Chlorobenzenes

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7

58 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1

59 1,3-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1, 106-46-7

60 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87-61-6



63 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 634-66-2

64 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene

634-90-2, 95-94-3

65 Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5

66 Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1

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67

Chlorinated Solvents

1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2

68 1,1-Dichloroethylene 75-35-4

69 Methylene Chloride 75-09-2

70 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 156-59-2

71 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 156-60-5

72 Chloroform 67-66-3

73 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6

74 Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5

75 Trichloroethylene 79-01-6

76 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5

77 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 630-20-6

78 Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4

79

Chlorophenols

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5

80 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol 4901-51-3



83 Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins

Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins 85535-84-8

84

Heavy Metals

Cadmium (Cd)

Various 85 Mercury (Hg)

86 Lead (Pb)

87 Chromium VI (Cr VI)

88 Alkylphenols & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Octylphenol (OP)

Various 89 Octylphenolethoxylates (OPEOs)

90 Nonylphenol (NP)

91 Nonylphenolethoxylates (NPEOs)

92 Perfluorinated Chemicals

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 335-95-5

93 Perfluorooctane sulphonates (PFOS) Various

Contact Details:

C&A: Alain Renard

[email protected]

H&M Hennes & Mauritz AB:

Anna Eriksson

[email protected]

G-Star Raw: Frouke Bruinsma

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




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