disaster prevention & responsein geo-informatics field
DESCRIPTION
2012/10/04 Ritsumeikan University “Indonesia Government Disaster Prevention Training”TRANSCRIPT
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Hitoshi Taguchi
Social System Research Department
National Research Institute for Earth Science
and Disaster Prevention
Disaster Prevention &
Response
in Geo-Informatics Field
1 2012/10/04 Ritsumeikan University “Indonesia Government Disaster Prevention Training”
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About NIED (The National Research Institute for
Earth Science and Disaster Prevention) An independent administrative agency under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
“Raising the bar for disaster prevention science and technology by engaging in
comprehensive activities concerning basic research and fundamental research
development related to disaster prevention science and technology”
Staff: About 200 people (office staff + research staff)
Research facilities: Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture (headquarters); Nagaoka City,
Niigata Prefecture; Shinjo City, Yamagata Prefecture; and Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture
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●Organization
- Monitoring/Forecasting Research Department
Earthquake and Volcano Research Unit
Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Unit
Snow and Ice Research Center
- Experimental Research Department
・Social System Research Department http: //www.bosai.go.jp
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BOSAI-DRIP “Risk Governance” − Social governance of risk through coordination with a diverse array of entities
Vertical chain of command by public institutions
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Coordination amongst a diverse array of entities
- Initiative/Mobility
- Lateral coordination
- Usage of social resources
- Heterogeneity/Openness
- Diverse array of value
assessments
-Fair risk bearing
Adaptability to the unforeseen
- System related rigidity
- Public resource restrictions
- Homogeneity/Encapsulation
- Reliance on specific
specialization
- Information
operation/screening
- Risk externalization
Weak towards the unforeseen
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Today’s topics
Research on a framework construction to minimize disaster risk through the coordination of the entire society » “Disaster risk governance”
In order to coordinate the entire society, the extent to which important information can be shared, distributed, and made so that anyone can use it is essential. » In particular, the sharing and distribution of geospatial informatics is
important.
Case examples of aftermath control by focusing on the sharing of geospatial information 1. Operation tests on aftermath control through the coordination of and
information sharing between residents and local government
2. Case example of satellite image sharing for the Haiti earthquake
3. Disaster area information support for the Great East Japan Earthquake • Aftermath control support by local government
• Disaster volunteer centers support, etc.
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Geospatial Information
Sharing Technology
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Combination and secondary usage of various forms of geospatial informatics concerning disasters from
research institutions, academic groups, and the private sector
●Maps
●Pre-disaster aerial photographs
●Post-disaster aerial photographs
●Seismic intensity maps
●Tsunami damage areas ●Traffic information ●Detailed maps
Usage of Different Kinds of Geospatial Informatics for Aftermath Control (ideal)
Geographic informatics system (GIS)
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●Mobile phone usable areas ●Shelter maps
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To use different kinds of geospatial information
Share different kinds of geospatial informatics owned by many different
places through a framework that facilitates mutual communication
＝ Environment of interoperability among dispersed sources
Use an internationally standardized data distribution interface (API, etc.) as a
geospatial information sharing method
» The entities that own the data are each responsible for releasing their own data
» Example: This is the same concept as participants from various countries at
an international meeting communicating in English. Using English allows you to
speak with a large scope of different people. 7
WMS: Web Mapping Service (ISO-19128) WFS: Web Feature Service (ISO-19142)
WCS: Web Coverage Service (ISO-191xx)
WPS, SOS, OLS, KML, SVG Map, etc.
One single overall database does not exist.
Users extract the information they want when
they want and use it in combinations or
engage in secondary usage!
Local governments, etc. National institutions
Research institutions Universities
International standard
data interfaces
via an international standard
GIS software (WebGIS or desktop format)
Geospatial Informatics
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Necessity of a “Clearing House”
Because geospatial informatics exists in a dispersed state, users do not know where
the information they need is located.
The existence of a clearing house that provides a comprehensive searching service
from amongst a virtual collection of geospatial informatics (meta-data) is essential.
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GIS software
Internet
Geospatial
informatics
clearing house
Meta-data DB
Tsunami flood
area Road traffic
information
Aerial
photographs
(2) Map search
(3) Search results
(1) Register Meta-data (JMP2.0 or ISO19115)
Detailed
maps
(4) Use the
map on a standard
interface
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“e-Community map” and “Clearing House”
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Web-GIS --- developed by NIED (open source) » Accesses the clearing house (search system for location
information) and searches for geospatial informatics
» Acquires and displays the searched geospatial information via a standard API. The user can then add the information to a map and print it out, share it, etc.
Environm
ent of interoperability
Am
ong dispersed sources
Users
Research institutions
Local government
Private companies
Map from an
external institution
User’s information
Shelter maps
Tsunami flood areas
Mobile phone usage maps
Road traffic usage maps
Meta-data DB Geospatial informatics
clearing house Meta-data registration
The location, purpose, accuracy,
etc. of the information is listed.
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Case studies for aftermath control
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Mayor
Fire
Dept./
Police
Flood
Defense
Party
Ward Mayor
(neighborhood
association head)
Municipal
employees
Evacuation information (evacuation preparation
information ・Evacuation advice
・Evacuation instructions
・Shelter operation information)
Information from residents (flood outbreaks, etc.)
Information from staff (response status, etc.)
City Aftermath Control System (working title)
Residents
Community inhabitants
Community groups, etc.
Disaster Response Headquarters
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism
Flood simulation
Detailed ground elevation
Niigata Prefecture River level information
Landslide disaster danger area
Internet
Information from residents (flood outbreaks, etc.)
Resident Action Support System (working title) Hazard maps, etc. (flood forecast areas/disaster prevention resources, etc.)
(1) Information acquisition/dissemination
Environment of
interoperability among
dispersed sources
(3) Judgment/Decisions
(2) Information
integration
Evacuation information (Shelter operation information)
Aftermath control with coordination/information sharing among residents and local
government
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Operation tests for disaster prevention training by local government
Mitsuke City, Niigata Prefecture (July 7, 2010)
Sanjo City, Niigata Prefecture (December 3, 2010)
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Case study of satellite image sharing: Great Haiti Earthquake
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Wikipedia
http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010 Haiti earthquake Flickr by United Nations Development Programme
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Supplying ALOS Images Taken During Great Haiti Earthquake via WMS
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Release on a website
Usage via
Google Earth
Usage via other
mapping systems
*Major satellite images/aerial
photographs delivered by WMS:
e.g.
・JAXA/ALOS
・SpotImage
・DigitalGlobe
・GeoEye
・NOAA Aerial
Haiti earthquake
outbreak (1/13 6:53)
Emergency monitoring
via JAXA/ALOS
(1/14 0:18)
Geospatial informatics
delivery server
Experimental
supply
(1/15 22: 40)
Emergency WMS delivery
commencement
(1/15 23:22)
Where does it
go from here?
Potential of
various services
One international standard method of sharing geospatial informatics
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Collaborative Mapping Project : OpenStreetMap (OSM)
The international community is creating a map usable
without a license via collaborative mapping.
» Volunteered Geographic Information (Goodchild, 2007)
15 Java OpenStreetMap Editor ( http: //josm.openstreetmap.de/)
Call up geospatial
informatics via a
standard data
distribution method
Rules for
stipulating source
information
Creator name
appears
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Collaborative mapping via satellite image sharing during the Haiti earthquake incident
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Internet
DigitalGlobe Spot Image JAXA/ALOS
(NIED distribution) GeoEye
Post-disaster satellite images
Creation information
OpenStreetMap
Wikipage
Satellite image
access information
Satellite image access
information is listed on
OpenStreetMap
Wikipage.
Haiti damage map Haiti damage map
created by
consolidating
Information that
differs between
users.
Person providing
aftermath control
Information reference
OpenStreetMap
Usage of satellite images
via standard interface (WMS)
Users create maps collaboratively. Users
worldwide switch to the satellite images
they need, use that as a base, and create
post damage maps.
Aftermath control
conducted juxtaposing
damage maps and
satellite images .
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BOSAI-DRIP OpenStreetMap before and after the earthquake
Before the earthquake After the earthquake (several days later)
17 OpenStreetMap (http: //www.openstreetmap.org/index.html)
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BOSAI-DRIP 2011.3.11
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rinkratz/5517580640/in/photostream/ 18
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Disaster Area Information Support for the Great East Japan Earthquake
Usage of an international standard method for sharing/distributing geospatial informatics to support information usage for aftermath control in the disaster area
1. ALL311: Great East Japan Earthquake coordination information platform » Construction of a usage environment for geospatial informatics and support
system
2. Information support for disaster volunteer centers » Disaster volunteer center information support
• Miyagi Prefecture and cities, towns, and villages in the prefecture
3. Support of aftermath control efforts by local government in disaster areas
» Disaster certificate issuing support system • Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture and Otsuchicho, Iwate Prefecture
» Rubble removal support • Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture
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1. ALL311: Great East Japan Earthquake
Coordination Information Platform
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ALL311: Great East Japan Earthquake Coordination Information Platform
Task: Construction of an information sharing platform and support system to provide external support for the disaster area in the initial stage
Content Collaboratively collected and organized information in the following
categories • Map/geospatial informatics
► Construction of a system that collects geospatial information usable for disaster area support from external sources and delivers information via a standard API environment
• Daily living information
► Traffic/transportation, nuclear power, evacuation, lifeline, relief money, health, individuals needing support, welfare support information
• In addition, academic association information, restoration support information, earthquake/ tsunami/ landslide disaster related information, etc.
Called for disaster area support using cooperation
Based on requests from the disaster area, called for information volunteers that use a geoinformatics system at the disaster area
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ALL311: Great East Japan Earthquake Coordination Information Platform
Collected information
and built support
system to facilitate
support to the disaster
area from outside
during the initial stage
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http: //all311.ecom-plat.jp (updates discontinued)
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Achievement 1: Geospatial information for disaster area support
Collected geospatial information usable via an interoperable system
interface (Such as WMS) for disaster area support
Using data supplied via coordination, geospatial information was made
available via WMS
» House maps, private sector post-disaster aerial photographs, Association of
Japanese Geographers tsunami damage maps, etc.
An information sharing platform was constructed with an international standard for distributing geospatial
informatics and an environment facilitating disaster area support which uses that information was actualized. 23
Geospatial Information
Authority of Japan
・Post-disaster aerial
photographs
AIST (GEO Grid)
・ASTER satellite images
・Seismic intensity distribution
maps
JAXA (ALOS)
・"DAIICHI" satellite images
NTT-ME
・Pre/post disaster aerial
photographs
・Road maps
Road conditions
・Honda Motor
・Toyota
・Miyagi Prefecture
information
Japan Meteorological Agency
・weather information
Collaborative mapping
・OpenStreetMap
・Google My Maps
-Food service maps
-Evacuation maps, etc.
National Land Numerical
Information
・Public facilities, etc.
Geospatial information sharing
environment
(WMS, WFS, KML, etc. )
Hazard maps
Users can dynamically acquire the
information they need at the scale
they need, enabling combination
and secondary usage.
NIED
・J-SHIS, etc.
Zenrin
・House maps AJG
・Tsunami damage map
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Example of Geospatial Information Combination (Road Information)
Car navigation company traffic record information, Miyagi road information
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Private sector and Geospatial Information
Authority of Japan post-disaster aerial
photograph combination
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Example of Geospatial Information Combination (Maps & Photographs)
Sharing of detailed maps and post-disaster aerial
photographs from private sector companies
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Post-disaster aerial photographs
・Government (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)
・Private sector (NTTME, Asia Air Survey, Kokusai Kogyo )
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Equipment support from companies
Donated equipment
» Combo printer-copier-
scanner-faxes, plotters,
communication
terminals, laptops,
software, etc.
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From Yahoo! Japan
PR Office Blog
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2. Disaster Volunteer Center Support
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Disaster Volunteer Center Support
Subject
» Miyagi Prefecture and social welfare councils of 13 cities, towns, and
villages in the prefecture
• Social welfare councils launch disaster volunteer centers after disaster outbreak.
Problem
» There is no framework for disseminating information outside of the area
and collecting, analyzing, and using geospatial informatics directly after
earthquake outbreak.
Tasks
» Construct an information platform (geoinformatics system and groupware)
on a cloud environment prepared/constructed directly after earthquake
» Conduct operation support in terms of information for disaster volunteer
centers with the information volunteers who were gathered on ALL311
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Supply to volunteer centers equipment donated via ALL311 such as PCs,
communication cards, large format printers, combination printer-copier-scanner-
faxes, and faxes
Construct information Platform (website + WebGIS) in a cloud environment and
supply
Equipment Quantity Details
Information Platform 14 locations
Volunteer center websites put online: Miyagi Prefecture, Sendai City, Ishinomaki City,
Shiogama City, Kesennuma City, Kesennuma City Motoyoshi Branch, Natori City,
Tagajo City, Iwanuma City, Higashimatsushima City, Watari-cho, Yamamoto-cho,
Shichigahama-machi, and Minamisanriku-cho
Communication
terminals
approx. 50
units Miyagi Prefecture VC and 17 city, town, and village VCs
Laptops approx. 80
units Miyagi Prefecture VC and 17 city, town, and village VCs
Laser combination
printer-copier-
scanner-faxes
5 units Miyagi Prefecture VC , Kesennuma City VC , Ishinomaki City VC ,
Higashimatsushima City VC , and Iwanuma City VC
Large format printers 6 units Miyagi Prefecture VC , Kesennuma City VC , Ishinomaki City VC ,
Higashimatsushima City VC , Iwanuma City VC , and Watari-cho VC
Faxes 5 units Miyagi Prefecture VC , Kesennuma CityVC , Ishinomaki City VC ,
Higashimatsushima City VC , and Iwanuma City VC
Other Numerous Printers, white boards, copy boards, partitions, etc.
Support System Construction
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BOSAI-DRIP
Miyagi
Prefecture
VC
Kesennuma City
VC
Minamisanriku-
cho VC
Ishinomaki City
VC
Shichigahama-
machi VC
Natori City VC
Higashimatsushi
ma City VC
Sendai City VC
Iwanuma City VC
Tagajo City VC
Shiogama City
VC
Watari-cho VC
Yamamoto-cho
VC
PC with communication card Large format plotter
Allocate group page for each VC
and enable information sharing &
linkage between VCs
Information Platform usage
Install group page for each VC
←website (ecom
groupware ): for PR
↓Geographic information system
(e-Com map): using geospatial
informations
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http: //msv3151.c-bosai.jp/
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Example of Website Composition for Disaster Volunteer Centers
Information dissemination necessary for disaster VC operation, such as information acquisition and calls for outside help
【About ○○ VC 】
VC basic information, like the
address and contact information
【Online disaster VC
information】
List of pages for VCs within the
prefecture. Click to jump to
individual VC pages
【Methods/guidebook】
Information helpful for volunteer
activity is recorded in PDF
format
【Contact】
Contacts are received via a
designated form
【Links】
Banners for external websites
that disseminate disaster
information
【Access counter】
Number of hits by
day/week/month/total
automatically display and update
【Requests for volunteers and
donations】 Information on requests
for volunteers and supply donations
【Volunteer activity status】
Number of volunteer s and
needs answered
【Miyagi Prefecture VC
notifications】 Timely helpful
information from Miyagi Prefecture
VC updates automatically
【ecom maps】
Visual guides and data control
for restoration status, like food
service maps, activity maps, and
temporary house maps
【VC notifications】
New notifications about
volunteer activities
【Restoration support activity blog 】
Broadcasts daily volunteer activity
status with photographs
【Disaster volunteer application】
Pre-applying online to volunteer
is possible
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Pre-disaster
aerial
photograph
Post-disaster
aerial
photograph
Pre-disaster aerial photograph +
tsunami flood scale
Zenrin house map
Post-disaster
aerial
photograph
Map usage examples: Assessment of surrounding area damage conditions
Display on an ecom map data that is made available through an interoperable method such as
“post-disaster aerial photographs,” “tsunami damage maps,” and “traffic record information” and
check the devastation conditions of the area
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Road traffic records
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BOSAI-DRIP
Obtain and register information data from external sources relating shelter, food
service, water supply location, and landmark, then adjust activity location
Ishinomaki City VC example
Map Usage Example: Shelter/water supply location/food service map
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BOSAI-DRIP
Register needs and required support conditions and manage volunteer dispatching and the disaster
area restoration support situation. Visualize updated map according to the current status (applying,
continuing, discontinued, etc.)
Higashimatsushima
City VC example
Map Usage Example: Volunteer Needs Map
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BOSAI-DRIP
Information linkage is
confusing with paper maps
and Excel data.
With sticky notes, charts
cannot be managed, and
sometimes information is
lost as well.
Copying and connecting
paper maps is difficult.
Without Geographic Information System...
Not able to use external geospatial informatics…
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BOSAI-DRIP
Disaster information volunteer activities
» Assembled and dispatched disaster information volunteers and provided
support for using geoinformatics systems at disaster volunteer centers
(Active people: approx. 1100 people total/day)
• Facilitated autonomous and continued action at disaster VCs
Calling for
volunteers via
ALL311
Information
oriented
operation
support at
disaster VC
・Various types of disaster area data entry ・Printing/delivery of house maps, etc.
・Equipment delivery/installation for local VCs ・Information dissemination support for local VCs
Actualization of a support system through “public/private
coordination” and “resident coordination”
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Use of Geospatial Informations at Disaster Volunteer Centers
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Geospatial Information Authority of
Japan
・Post-disaster aerial photographs
AIST (GEO Grid)
・ASTER satellite images
・Seismic intensity distribution
maps
JAXA (ALOS)
・"DAIICHI" satellite images
NTT-ME
・Before/after disaster aerial
photographs
・Road maps
Road conditions
・Honda Motor
・Toyota
・Miyagi Prefecture information
Japan Meteorological Agency
・Weather information
Collaborative mapping
・OpenStreetMap
・Google My Maps
-Food service maps
-Evacuation maps, etc.
National Land Numerical Information
・Public facilities, etc.
Environment of interoperability
among dispersed sources
(WMS, WFS, KML, etc.)
・Shelter information
・Food service information
ecom map (Disaster Volunteer Centers)
Shelter operation maps
Road conditions maps
Volunteer needs maps
Damage assessment maps, etc.
Released information
・Volunteer
needs, etc.
Non-released information
Disaster VC registers information Onsite usage via printing output
Hazard maps
Users can dynamically
acquire the information they
need at the scale they need
and combine it.
Map creation
NIED ・J-SHIS, etc.
Zenrin
・house map
cloud environment
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BOSAI-DRIP
3. Supporting aftermath control activities by
local government in disaster areas
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Disaster certificate issuing support system (Rikuzentakata City)
Overlay local survey results on post-disaster aerial photographs and detailed maps
» Create a system by integrating with a geoinformatics system that issues certificates after gaining
consent from residents at an office
Construct Intra-network by considering privacy and internet connection environment
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Disaster certificate issuing support system screen sample
Disaster certificate issuing
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Disaster certificate issuing support system (Otsuchicho)
Issue disaster certificates by checking on local survey results, detailed maps, and
post-disaster aerial photographs
Issue certificate with Microsoft Access
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Damage survey results screen sample
Issuing
Issuing conducted by tax
office and local government
support team.
Use online
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Rubble cleanup control support system (Kamaishi City)
Manage rubble removal
requests and progress
status on a map
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Obtain information from
residents by phone and
register it on a map
Share registered information
with other departments
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Geospatial information enabled support of aftermath control efforts by
disaster area local government along shore areas
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Use through a cloud environment Cache map data and use online
Disaster certificate issuing support system
Rikuzentakata City, Otsuchicho
Rubble removal control support system
(ecom map) Kamaishi City
Geospatial Information Authority of
Japan
・Post-disaster aerial photographs
AIST (GEO Grid)
・ASTER satellite images
・Seismic intensity distribution
maps
JAXA (ALOS)
・"DAIICHI" satellite images
NTT-ME
・Before/after disaster aerial
photographs
・Road maps
Road conditions
・Honda Motor
・Toyota
・Miyagi Prefecture information
Japan Meteorological Agency
・Weather information
Collaborative mapping
・OpenStreetMap
・Google My Maps
-Food service maps
-Evacuation maps, etc.
National Land Numerical Information
・Public facilities, etc.
Environment of interoperability
among dispersed sources
(WMS, WFS, KML, etc.)
Hazard maps
Users can dynamically
acquire the information they
need at the scale they need
and combine it.
NIED ・J-SHIS, etc.
Zenrin
・house map
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BOSAI-DRIP
Issues for geospatial information distribution and sharing during
aftermath control
Was not able to construct geospatial information sharing system (compatible with internationally standardized data distribution methods) for the Great East Japan Earthquake » If NIED did not get involved, this kind of geospatial informatics
using/sharing environment may not have been created.
Even when data was made available, it was mostly raw data » NIED stepped in, acquired raw data, and delivered it via an
internationally standardized data distribution method. • There are many different data creators, but if online delivery conforms to
an internationally standardized data distribution method, the data can be delivered promptly and by the creator.
• Of course, physical materials (paper maps) are also important.
Was not able to build clearing house » Even basic location information like what kind of maps exist was not
known.
» Restrictions on which types of users can access what kind of information is required.
Lifeline related information sharing » For example, road information and mobile telephone usable area
needs were high.
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Geographic information sharing environment during aftermath control
(proposal)
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Disaster risk
information
clearing house
Meta-data DB
Geoinformatics search
Meta-data registration
Lifeline
information Tsunami flood
area maps House maps
Satellite images
Aerial photographs
Construct a system of information
sharing councils with public/private
sector constituents (particularly
lifeline companies, local government,
and private sector companies) that
operate during normal times and
launch a clearing house during
disaster incidents.
Searchable maps are restricted
by user level
Backup supporters
Disaster area local
government, etc. Backup support
Construction/operation of
shared servers delivering
disaster information is
also assumed.
Prefectural and municipal
governments, national
government, lifeline
companies, etc.
If a government building is damaged,
backup support groups established
during normal times receive usage
environment support via WebGIS +
satellite circuit.
Support the disaster area by
assessing the degree of damage
using GIS
Information usage via
a standard interface (WMS, KML, WFS, etc.)
Internet
Maps created in aftermath
control by disaster area local
government can be used by
prefectural and municipal
governments, national
government, lifeline
companies, etc. in their own
disaster prevention
information systems.