By: Sir Romel B. Macalinao,RN EMT-B

Disaster Preparedness

Republic Act No. 10121

otherwise known as PDRRM ACT of 2010

An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework, Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefore, and

for Other Purposes

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PHILIPPINE RISK PROFILE

Out of 173 countries assessed for their exposure to hazards, the Philippines placed third.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

RP is vulnerable to almost all types of natural hazards because of its

geographical location

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Nunber of Incidents

DEAD

Number of Natural Incidents

Casualty

2000 108 641

2001 72 511

2002 60 233

2003 112 331

2004 125 1,289

2005 66 98

2006 221 1,418

2007 233 219

2008 248 815

2009 215 1,262

2010 245 195

2011 374 1,786

FACES OF RECENT DISASTERSTS “SENDONG” (Washi) CAGAYAN DE ORO

FACES OF RECENT DISASTERSTS “SENDONG” (Washi)

FACES OF RECENT DISASTERSTS “SENDONG” (Washi)

FACES OF RECENT DISASTERSCompostela Valley

FACES OF RECENT DISASTERS6.9 Earthquake in Negros Oriental

FACES OF RECENT DISASTERS6.9 Earthquake in Negros Oriental

What are Earthquakes?

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE

The largest recorded earthquake in the United states was a magnitude 9.2 that struck Prince William Sound, Alaska on Good Friday, March 28, 1964

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE

The Largest Recoded Earthquake in the world was a Magnitude 9.5 in Chile on May 22, 1960

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE

World’s deadliest recoded earthquake occurred in1556 in Central China, killing an estimated 830,000 people in 1976 another deadly earthquake struck Tangshan, China where more than 250,00 people were killed.

TIDAL WAVE VS TSUNAMI Although both are sea waves the two has two different and unrelated phenomena• Tidal Wave – is a shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interaction between the sun, moon, and earth.

•Tsunami – is a sea wave caused by an underwater earthquake or landslide (usually triggered by an earthquake) displacing the ocean water

Hypocenter of an earthquake is the location beneath the earth’s surface where the rupture of the fault begins

Epicenter of an earthquake is the location directly above the hypocenter on the surface of the earth

It is estimated that there are 500,000 detectable earthquakes in the world each year. 100,000 of those can be felt, 100 of them cause damage.

MAGNITUDE & INTENSITY

 Magnitude is a measured value of the earthquake size. The Magnitude is the same no matter where you are, or how strong or weak the shaking was in various location

Intensity is a measure of the shaking created b the earthquake, and this value does vary with location

KINDS OF SHAKING

1. Lateral

2. Vertical

Baguio Earthquake, 1990

Date : 17 January 1995

Time : 5:46 am (Jap. Time)

Magnitude : 6.9

Depth : 22 kms

Casualties : 5,502

Injured : 36,896

~200,000 buildings are damaged or destroyed.

~300,000 people were evacuated to temporary shelters

Source: USGS

The Great Hanshin EarthquakeKOBE, JAPAN

SECURITYTEAM

TYPICAL ORGANIZATION OF DISASTER CONTROL GROUP

CHAIRMAN

ASST. CHAIRMAN

DCG OPERATIONS CENTER

SUPPLY TEAM

TRANSPORTATION TEAM

COMMUNICATIONTEAM

WARNING TEAM

EVACUATIONTEAM

FIRE BRIGADE TEAM

RESCUETEAM

MEDICALTEAM

DAMAGE CONTROL

TEAM

STAFF ELEMENTS

OPERATIONS TEAM

DISCHARGELEVEL

DISCHARGELOCKING PIN And SEAL

DISCHARGEHOSE

DISCHARGENOZZLE

PRESSURE GAUGE

CARRYINGHANDLE

DATA PLATE

BODY

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy

CLASS

Proper use of Fire Extinguisher

PASST

ULL the pin

IM the base (target)

QUEEZE the discharge level

WEEP the nozzle from left to right

AKBO !!!!!

Most Common Causes of Fire- Arson

-Overheating appliances

(aircon, fans, TV sets, computers, chargers, adaptors, fluorescent, oven-toasters)

-Overloaded circuits, octopus plug-in outlets and extensions

(substandard materials)

-Throwing of lighted cigarette / butts

-Neglected rubbish, grass fire

-Leaking LPG

-Unattended candles or incents

-Unattended cooking

-Improperly and accumulated stored combustible materials

Swing Out Door

Shelf nearEntrance

Narrow Exit

Glass Window

Decoration

Building Watching Exercise

Electic Postand wirings

Gate’s Shade

Flower Pots

Building Watching Exercise

EVACUATION PLAN

The Building Earthquake Evacuation Plan should have provisions to utilize all available open spaces nearest the building that are evaluated as safe from falling debris and other materials that may cause injuries.

Parking Area Park

EVACUATION PLAN

Flow of Traffic and Evacuation Route

One way traffic: persons shall walk in one direction

Evacuation Site

Use arrows to indicate the flow of evacuation

Earthquake Survival KitsFirst Aid Kits

Prepare

DURING EARTHQUAKE

B. The main concern during an ongoing shaking is how to protect oneself.

Give specific instructions on what to do DURING an earthquake.

Duck, Cover and Hold

Take cover under a sturdy table or strongly supported doorway.

Watch out for falling objects. Keep calm and don’t panic.

B. The main concern during an ongoing shaking is how to protect oneself.

Give specific instructions about what to do AFTER as soon as the shaking stops:

Be alert…

Listen to instructions. Walk out of the building in an orderly manner.

DURING EARTHQUAKE

B. The main concern during an ongoing shaking is how to protect oneself.

While walking along the alleys/streets, be alert and watch out for falling debris.

DON’T RunDON’T PushDON’T TalkDON’T ReturnDON’T bring your things

AFTER EARTHQUAKE

Why do we need to Conduct an Earthquake Drill ?

Why do we need to Conduct an Earthquake Drill ?

Earthquake is a natural phenomenon and cannot be

prevented. It can strike quickly without warning.

Earthquake can damage lives and properties.

No available technology that give an accurate earthquake prediction.

TO MITIGATE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

PHASES OF AN EARTHQUAKE

DRILL

PHASE 1. ALARM

siren / bell rings for 1 minute

ongoing “ground shaking or earthquake”

PHASE 2. RESPONSE

during the “shaking”

perform “DUCK, COVER and HOLD” Remain in that

position until “shaking” stops

Still BE ALERT, open your eyes

PHASE 3. EVACUATION

after the “shaking” All building occupants evacuate,

following pre-determined routes, to the EVACUATION AREAS (OPEN SPACE)

Phase 4. ASSEMBLY

At the designated evacuation area, the ‘evacuees’ must be grouped together.

Phase 5. HEAD COUNT

Team leaders should check and make sure all ‘evacuees’ are accounted for.

Phase 6. EVALUATION

An evaluation of the drill must be conducted to identify problems encountered during the drill and how this can be corrected in future earthquake drills.

EARTHQUAKE DRILL

To be effective earthquake drills

must be done regularly.

Disasters remain a major challenge to achieve a disaster-resilient & safer community in the Philippines by 2015

Natural hazards abound: typhoon, flood, landslide, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, drought, etc.

Climate change remains a potential risk to the country

Poverty, a vulnerability condition, prevails

Fast growing population, increasing population densities, urbanization, environmental degradation and pollution increase disaster risks

Our Challenges

COMMUNITY BASED

EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEM

RED PAINT (4 to 6 ft). – NO MOVEMENT The area should be clear. Everyone must be in safer grounds or

in the evacuation centers.

GREEN PAINT (2 to 4 ft.) – EVACUATE Families should evacuate their homes and go to their assigned

evacuation centers.

YELLOW PAINT (0 to 2 ft.) – GET READY Families should

secure all of their possessions and prepare necessary items for

evacuation.

COMMUNITY BASED EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEMFLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

“COLORS OF BEAUTY AND SAFETY”

INSTALLED THROUGHOUT THE CITYAIMS:

To remind the public of the importance of punctuality

To protect minors from possible dangers they may encounter at night

To warn the public of apprehending disaster

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COMMUNITY BASED EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEM(EMERGENCY MOTOR SIRENS)

• 1 one-minute blast- families should secure all of their possessions and prepare necessary items for evacuation.• 2 one-minute blasts- families should evacuate their homes and go to their assigned evacuation centers.• 3 one-minute blasts- The area should be cleared. Everyone should be safe in the evacuation centers.

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LANDSLIDE PRONE AREAS EARLY WARNING SIGNAGES

FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD PRONE AREAS EARLY WARNING

SIGNAGES

COMMUNITY BASED EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEM(EARLY WARNING SIGNAGES FOR LANDSLIDE, FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD)

THE NATIONAL DRRM FRAMEWORK

DM

•From a reactive, humanitarian response oriented management of disasters

DRR/DRM

•To a proactive, vulnerability reduction and development approach to disasters

Shifts the country’s paradigm and approach:

Thank You!