Disadvantages of Nano robotics:

Some of the disadvantages of nano robotics are:

Cluster of different nano robots with one another is harmful,

Installation cost is high,

Maintenance is difficult.

The nano robotic future is very bright. Nowadays, nano robotics is developing faster day by day because of their use

in medical industries. They cure many senior ill patients and renew their lives by the use of nano robotics. HIV,

cancer and other harmful diseases are also under progress for curing. The development of nano robotics is endless

and there is more advancement yet to come in the future.

NANOTECHNOLOGY:

Nanotechnology is based on the principles of controlling matter at its basic level. This technology is about the controlling matter at an atomic and molecular level. Nanotechnology is expected to prove helpful in the production of new materials. It can prove being useful in a variety of fields like electronics and medicine. But we need to look at the dangers it may pose to the life forms on Earth. Look at some of the disadvantages of nanotechnology.

According to a discovery, silver nanoparticles used in socks to fight foot odor if released in water can prove detrimental to the purity of water.

Silver nanoparticles are bacteriostatic, by which we mean that they limit the growth of bacteria. This may result in the destruction of bacteria that help in breaking down the organic matter in water treatment plants.

Recent research has revealed that some kinds of carbon nanotubes can prove as harmful as asbestos inhaled in fair quantities. Sometimes, they can cause mesothelioma.

The process of manufacturing nanomaterials results in the release of certain waste products. This waste can float in air or even penetrate animal and plant cells.

Nanoparticles have large surfaces. This makes them susceptible to get absorbed by macromolecules in an animal body. They can hinder biological processes, thus intervening the functioning of nature.

Nanotechnology poses certain serious social implications. Nanotechnological products may replace natural substances. Farmers and factory workers whose livelihood depends on the production and distribution of these natural substances will face difficulties. Nanotechnology will thus lead to people losing their jobs. Agricultural countries will have to face financial losses if nanomaterials produced in developed countries begin substituting for their agricultural products. 

Nanotechnology can be advantageous to a certain extent. But considering its environmental and social implications, the decision to apply it in various spheres of life requires a second thought.

INTRODUCTIONNano robots are the controllable devices measured on the scale of Nanometers to perform the tasks in both Medical and Industrial fields. Designed by using nanotechnology.1 Nanometer= 1/(10)^9 meters.Technique like Atomic Force Microscopy are being employed to establish a visual interface & to enable us to sense the molecular structure of These nano scaled devices. CONSTRUCTIONCarbon atoms in a diamond structure & light elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon etc. Super smooth surfacesThese are so tiny.The nanofactories would use nano-scale tools capable of constructing nanorobots with exact specifications. The construction Process is nearly cost-free and virtually pollution free.Controlled through limited design functionality, programming.EX: A simple nanorobot that was designed a few years

ago is the artificial mechanical red cell which we call it as “RespirocyteRESPIROCYTE - A simple Nanorobot Respirocyte measure about a micron in diameter and just floats along in the blood stream. It is a spherical nanorobot made up of 18-billion atoms. Respirocyte can deliver 236 times more oxygen Per unit volume than a natural red cell.Nanorobot is for more efficient because its diamond construction permits a much higher operating pressure• Amazing fact about Respirocyte!If 1 liter of respirocytes are added into our bloodstream, then we can hold our breath for nearly 4 hours by sitting quietly at the bottom of a swimming pool. If we were sprinting at top speed, then we could run for at least 15 minutes before we had to take a breath! NANOROBOT AND ITS PARTSIt have a wide range of sensors to navigate through human body and fast molecular identification.

It may have powerful transport subsystem to molecular deliver systemWide range of computer guided nanomanipulator also required.It may have broadcasting system which can connect to other nanorobot and macro computersFinally, it may have long telescopic manipulators to holding cells or surfaces.SOURCES OF ENERGYGlucose / natural body sugars / body heat and oxygen and other biochemical / molecular parts.By using the energy & mass in the body the nanorobots can replicate themselves to ‘n’ times.FEATURES OF NANOROBOTNanorobot posses at least rudimentary two way communication.It will response to acoustic signals.It will able to receive power and programming instructions from external source via sound wavesAPPLICATION OF NANOROBOTElectronics fieldTelecommunication field

Biotechnology fieldIn Electronics & TelecommunicationNanotechnology In Nano circuits. In Bio-technologyMolecular / Atomic / Cellular based therapies The characteristic that they can easily flow through human body makes them find application in Medical field .In Medical field Treatment of cancer.Diabetes - Monitoring glucose levels.Repairing the damaged pancreas cells. Detection of toxic cells. Use of nanorobots in humanbodyTo destroy cancer cells and leaving healthy cells untouched.A patient undergoing this treatment could expect to have no awareness of molecular devices working inside him.Nanorobots in Cancer treatment Chemotherapy treatment can affect the body health & also weaken the body strength. The traditional treatment of radiation that kills not only cancer cells but healthy human cells

as well, causing hair loss, fatigue, nausea, depression,

Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-nanorobotics-full-report?page=3#ixzz1V1av5Xoi

Repairing of damaged cell in human being using nano robotsWhat is nanotechnology?Nanotechnology is a creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through understanding and control of matter at dimensions in nanometer scale length(1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for broad range of applications Nanotechnology Applications INTRODUCTION A Nanorobot is Nanotechnological robot Nanomachine also called a Nanite. Element used is carbon in form of diamond On the other hand some light elements are used for special purposes Powering of Nano robots can be done by metabolizing local glucose and oxygen for energy Nanotechnology in medicine  Nano robots are injected in patient body to perform their treatment on cellular level Nanorobots used in medical field are manufactured in carefully controlled Nano-factories Nanorobots distinguish between different cell types by checking their surface

antigens DNA REPAIR MACHINE  STRUCTURE OF NANOTUBE NANOROBOTS COMMUNICATION  A Nanorobot injected in human body will be mobile and have powerful navigation system It is manufactured from flawless diamond due to bio-capability with human body It is categorized in three typeso Nanorobots communicating with machine outside human bodyo Nanorobots communicating with other nanorobots inside human bodyo Nanorobotss communicating with human organs,tissues,cellular systemsFUTURE NANOROBOTICS  Most reliable and high performance molecular machines may be constructed out of diamondoid materials In 10 to 20 years from today, earliest molecular machine systems and Nanorobots may join medical armamentarium The prospect for diamond Nanorobotics remains controversial Nano injector  CANCER CELLS Respirocytes Artificial mechanical red blood cell is example for future device Respirocytes mimic the action of natural haemoglobin filled red blood cells

Injection of 5ml therapeutic dose of 50% respirocyte saline suspension , a total of 5 trillion individual nanorobots into human bloodstream would exactly duplicate gas carrying capacity of patients entire 5.4L of blood As Newton stated that for every action there will be an Equal and opposite reaction “If the applications and uses heads in one direction , the disadvantages like nano-pollution heads in other direction”

Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-nanorobotics-full-report?page=3#ixzz1V1b8qrMC

Swarm Robotics:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an introduction to

the world of swarm robots and adumbrates its applications. It is currently one of the most important application areas for swarm intelligence.These robots can spy in any region without any danger of being detected.Swarm provides the possibility of enhanced task performance ,high reliability ,low unit complexity and decreased cost over traditional robotic systems. Swarm-bots are a collection of mobile robots able to self assemble and to self-organise in order to solve problems that can’t be solved by single robot.They are applied to many fields, such as flexible manufacturing system ,space craft, inspection ,maintenance, construction ,agriculture and medicine work.INTRODUCTIONThe emerging field of nano robotics deals with both the designs of nano scale machines and controlled manipulation of nano

sized objects.Medical science will be the first application to reap the benefits of nano robotA major advantage that nanorobots provide is durability ,as theoritically they can lasts for years.WHAT IS NANOROBOTICS ?Programmable assembly of nm-scale components either by manipulation with macro or micro devices, or by directed self-assembly.Design and fabrication of robots with overall dimensions at or below the mm range and made of nm-scale components.Programming and coordination of large numbers (swarms) of such nanorobots.EVOLUTION OF SWARMResearchers try to examine hoe collections of animals, such as flocks ,herds and schools , move in a way that appears to be orchestrated. A flock of birds moves like a well choreographed dancce troup. How

can they coordinate their action so well.In 1987 Reynolds created a ‘BIOD’ model, which is a distributed model, to simulate on a computer yhe motion of a flock of birds.The swarm behaviour of simulated flock is the result of the dense interaction of relatively simple behaviours of the individual biods.SWARM ROBOTICSSwarm robotics is a new approach to the coordination of multirobot systems which consist of large numbers of mostly simple physical robots. It is supposed that a desired collective behavior emerges from the interactions between the robots and interactions of robots with the environment. This approach emerged on the field of artificial swarm intelligence, as well as the biological studies of insects, ants and other fields in nature, where swarm behaviour occurs.SWARM INTELLIGENCE

Swarm Intelligence systems are typically made up of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of "intelligent" global behavior, unknown to the individual agents. Natural examples of SI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, and fish schooling.The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics, while 'swarm intelligence' refers to the more general set of algorithms.GOALS AND APPLICATIONSBoth miniaturization and cost are key-factors in swarm robotics. These are the constraints in building large groups of robotics; therefore the simplicity of the

individual team member should be emphasized. This should motivate a swarm-intelligent approach to achieve meaningful behavior at swarm-level, instead of the individual level.Potential applications for swarm robotics include tasks that demand for miniaturization (nanorobotics, microbotics), like distributed sensing tasks in micromachinery or the human body. On the other hand swarm robotics can be suited to tasks that demand cheap designs, for instance mining tasks or agricultural foraging tasks. Also some artists use swarm robotic techniques to realize new forms of interactive art.THE WATER SKATER ROBOTRobots are getting so light that they can be made to stand on the surface of water without breaking the surface tension. There is a big difference between something that floats in the water and something that just stands on top of it

without getting wet.A bug like robot inspired by insects that skate across water has been engineered. The machine is about 7cm.SELF RECONFIGURING MODULAR ROBOTModular self-reconfiguring robotic systems or self-reconfigurable modular robots are autonomous kinematic machines with variable morphology.For example, a robot made of such components could assume a worm-like shape to move through a narrow pipe, reassemble into something with spider-like legs to cross uneven terrain, then form a third arbitrary object (like a ball or wheel that can spin itself) to move quickly over a fairly flat terrain; it can also be used for making "fixed" objects, such as walls, shelters, or buildings.Each module has its own computer and communicates via infrared connectionsCHAIN ROBOTSSNAKE ROBOTChain robots are the

long chains that can connect to one another at specified points. Depending on the number of chains and where they connect ,these robots can resemble snakes or spiders. They can also become rolling loops or bipedal walking robots. A set of modular chains could navigate an obstacle by crawling like snake ,crossing rocky terrain as spider or riding tricycle across a bridge.SPIDER ROBOTTET-WALKERThe TETWALKER stands for tetrahedral walker. It is designed for robots that uses a unique form of locomotion based on shifting of the centre of mass of a tetrahedron.Tetwalker can further be shrinked to nano size and join the troops of the swarm to carry out a diverse set of tasks.TET WALKERADVANTAGES --DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES :-High durablity.Very less chance of being detected.Can be used in almost every field.

Highly smart technology.DISADVANTAGES:-High cost.Implimentation difficulties.SCOPE AND FUTURERobots are going to be an important part of future. Once robots are useful, groups of robots are the next step, and will have tremendious potential to benefit mankind. Software designed to run on large groups of robots is the key needed to unlock this potential.Work on nanorobot construction has begun at a low level and will increase as the project evolves.CONCLUSIONThere are some huge questions yet to be answered. How far can we take nanorobotics before it interferes our basic humanityHowever, the control design and the development of complex nano systems with high performance can be well used to pave the way for future use of nanorobotics. With the emerging era of molecular engineering , the

new approaches of nanorobotics behaviour are expected to have a

Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-nanorobotics-full-report?page=3#ixzz1V1bOljkZ

Potential disadvantages of nanotechnology:

Another potential problem with nanotechnology is the lack of our own knowledge. We know that we can create materials with nanotechnology but we still have to stop and understand the impact of the creation of these products will have on the nanoscale.

If we change the structure of material on the nano level without understanding the potential impact on the nanoscale, we risk creating a whole world of materials that have atoms that actually do not fit together cohesively.

There are some potential disadvantages of nanotechnology that fall in the realm of both the practical and the ethical. If nanotechnology can help the human body recover from illness or injury then it is quite possible that nanotechnology can create an altered human state.

We could potentially be able to create a human race that is engineered and altered to become hyper—intelligent and super strong. The serious complications with such issues include the idea that the scientific technology would only be available to those who can afford it. That would mean there would be an underclass of people; the people we are now.

Should nanotechnology actually be able to procure an honest and true molecular manufacturing machine for every household how would the world’s economy survive? What would we do with all those jobs that are lost in the manufacturing fields and how would we calculate monetary concerns when it comes to this type of on demand manufacturing?

There is a host of potential weaponry that could be produced on a molecular level. For any scientist, the potential to engineer diseases and create lethal weaponry that can’t even be seen is an ethical quagmire. Even more distressing is whether or not other countries that have nanotechnology capabilities will create these weapons.

While it sounds as though the disadvantages of nanotechnology will be the end of the world, this is not really the case. With all the good any science can do, there is always the capability of engineering evil potential. There is a system of checks and balances in place to help prevent the mishandling of scientific research and capabilities.

There is also not a great likelihood that most of the potential disadvantages will come to fruition. Rather, it is more likely that the ethical questions and concerns will be addressed as the potential for actual development and practical use comes into play. Most of the concerns that scientists and ethical experts are concerned with will not be a realistic potential for a long time to come.

Read more: http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/the-potential-disadvantages-of-nanotechnology/#ixzz1V1o2siuf

Read more: http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/the-potential-disadvantages-of-nanotechnology/#ixzz1V1nsC2n5