directorate-general for energy and transport the res potential of the europe’s maritime periphery...

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport

The RES potential of the Europe’s maritime periphery

Dr. Eng. Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUAHead of Unit

Management of Energy RTD programmes

CPMR WORKING GROUP SEMINARENERGY FOR THE PERIPHERYPAMPLONA 5-6 OCTOBER 2006

2

Polygeneration

GeothermalBioenergy WindSolar Th Ocean

Grid issuesEcobuildings

Energy Efficiency

PV

Renewable energy Sources

Directorate General for Energy and Transport

Overall Energy statistics data

RESEU25, 1990-2002

Source: EUROSTAT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Mto

e

Hydro Power Wind EnergyBiomass & Wastes Solar EnergyGeothermal Energy

Current trend: 75-80 Mtoe/

2010

n° 4Directorate General for Energy and Transport

DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES (1)

The Green Book on Security of Energy Supply considers:

1°The supply from renewables and the demand management (energy efficiency) are essential components for this security

2°Only the integrated use of all political and market instruments can help to increase this security

n° 5General Directorate for Energy and Transport

DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES (2)

How to succeed with the difficult actions in buildings and transport?:- Adequate integration supply/demand: role of RES

and EE- Adequate integration of instruments according to

each specific circumstance :o Legislationo Market mechanisms:

- Technological innovation

- Non-technological instruments:» Innovative financial schemes» Training, behaviour…» Standards, monitoring and targetting…» Other


The relation between community instruments

Research Policy:Research Policy:Development of Development of

new technologiesnew technologies

Research Policy:Research Policy:Development of Development of

new technologiesnew technologies

Energy Policy:Energy Policy:To solve problems To solve problems and needs of societyand needs of society

Energy Policy:Energy Policy:To solve problems To solve problems and needs of societyand needs of society

Research and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentDemonstrationDemonstrationDemonstrationDemonstration

Long termLong termLong termLong termShort termShort termShort termShort term

DG RTDDG TREN

Medium termMedium term

IEEIEE

LEGISLATION

COST OF RESCOST OF RES

ECOBUILDINGSECOBUILDINGSCONCERTOCONCERTO

CIVITASCIVITASALTERNATIVE FUELSALTERNATIVE FUELS POLYGENERATIONPOLYGENERATION

Dissemination

Market


POLITICAL AND LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS (1)

Political and legislative instruments:

Sector

Supply

Demand

RES EEBU TR IND

White Book on RES X X X X

White Book on Transport 2001 X X

Green Book on Energy Efficiency in Europe X X X X XDirective on RES-electricity X X X X

Biomass Action Plan X X X

Directive on Energy Perform. of Buildings X X XDirective on Cogeneration X X X X X

Directive on Bio-fuels X X X

Directive on Energy Services X X X X X

Directive on Eco-design… X X X X

Other: Lighting, Informatics… X X X

8n° 8General Directorate for Energy and Transport

INTELLIGENT ENERGY. EUROPE: THE FACILITATOR PROGRAMME:

Legislative inputs

RTD inputs

New instruments created by the IEE programme:- Knowledge- Behaviour- Monitoring- Training- Financing- Other

Best adequate integration

of instruments

Retrofitting of social housing

SAVE (+3)

RES – electricity

ALTENER (+3)

AlternativeFuels for vehicles

STEER (+2)

Urban andPeriurban areas

COOPENER (+2)

IEE

Key actions in IEE


SOLAR ENERGY


SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

• Solar electricity: PHOTOVOLTAICS– White Paper objective 2010: 3 GW (5GW)– PV Platform objective 2030: 200 GW

• Solar electricity: SOLAR THERMAL POWER– Market size 2010: 600 MW – Market size 2020: 2400 MW

• Solar Heating and Cooling– White Paper objective 2010: 100 Mm2 ~ 70 GW – ESTIF target 2020: 200 GW ~300 Mm2

*COM(97)599 final Energy for the future; §ESTIA 2005


SOLAR: Contribution to Policy

• Phovoltaic & Solar Thermal Power to contribute RES-E Directives (2001/77/EC)

• RES-Heating and Cooling Document by the end of the year

• Export potential and market opening in North Africa and other neighbour countries

Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport

WIND ENERGY

• Richest resource in the world

• Sufficient to provide all of EU’s electricity requirements

• Technically efficient and commercial competitive to exploit

• Predictable fuel cost

• Independent of external political influences: very local

• Clean

Europe’s Wind Resource


Wind Energy in Europe

• Global wind power capacity has grown to over 50,000MW by mid-2005. Europe represents 73% of total installed capacity.

• In 2004, European companies had a market share of 80% of the € 8 billion market for wind turbines.

Europe as Wind Energy world leader

Europe has :80% global manufacturing share•70% annual and cumulative market•Annual market value of ~ € 7bn•72% capacity in 2 countries•75,000 jobs•Generates 2.8% EU electricity

By 2010 wind is predicted to;

•Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people)•28% of all new installed generation capacity •10.6% of overall generation capacity•Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target•Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment•Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m•:Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, •Avoid €10-25 billion external costs

•Data for 2001-2010

Source: EWEA

WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE)

EU – 40,504 MWACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MWEFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW

Rep. Of Ireland495.5

UK1,353

Netherlands1,219

Spain10,027

Belgium167

France757

Germany18,428

Denmark3,122

Norway267

Sweden500

Finland82

Italy1,717

Switzerland11.6

Austria819

Poland73

Latvia26

Romania1.4

Turkey20

Greece573

Luxembourg35

Portugal1,022

Czech Republic26

Estonia30

Hungary17

Lithuania7

Slovakia5

Croatia6

Bulgaria1

Cyprus0

Ukraine82

Iceland0

Faroe Islands

4

Malta0

Slovenia 0

European Wind Energy today

Source: EWEA

Total at end2004

Installed Jan-Dec

2005

Total at end2005

Austria 606 218 819Belgium 96 71 167Cyprus 0 0 0Czech Republic 17 9 26Denmark 3,118 22 3,122Estonia 3 27 30Finland 82 4 82France 390 367 757Germany 16,629 1,808 18,428Greece 473 100 573Hungary 3 14 17Ireland* 338.5 157 495.5Italy 1,265 452 1,717Latvia 27 0 27Lithuania 7 0 7Luxembourg 35 0 35Malta 0 0 0Netherlands 1,079 154 1,219Poland 63 10 73Portugal 522 500 1,022Slovakia 5 0 5Slovenia 0 0 0Spain 8,263 1,764 10,027Sweden 442 58 500UK 907 446 1.353EU-15 34,246 6,122 40,317EU-10 125 61 186EU-25 34,371 6,183 40,504

EU CAPACITY (MW) ACCESSION COUNTRIES (MW)

Total at end2004

Installed Jan-Dec

2005

Total at end2005

Faroe Islands 0.15 3.9 4Ukraine 72 10 82Total 72.1 13.9 86

Total at end2004

Installed Jan-Dec

2005

Total at end2005

Iceland 0 0 0Liechtenstein 0 0 0Norway 160 107 267Switzerland 8.7 2.9 11.6Total 169 109.9 278.6

Total at end2004

Installed Jan-Dec

2005

Total at end2005

Bulgaria 1 0 1Croatia 6 0 6Romania 1 0.4 1.4Turkey 20 0 20Total 28 0.4 28.4

EFTA COUNTRIES (MW)

OTHER COUNTRIES (MW)

Current trend


CHALLENGES IN WIND ENERGY

• Growing markets: Larger machines for optimal exploitation of the wind potential. High penetration levels of wind require short-term production forecasts

• Emerging markets: Off-shore Large machines with highest reliability to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs. Cost effective foundations and grid-connection.

• New Member States: Setting-up of an industry and a support infrastructure, creating confidence, develop framework conditions


BIOMASS


EU25, 1990-2002, biomass & waste only

Source: EUROSTAT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Mto

e

Wood & wood waste in households

Other wood & wood waste

BiogasMSW

BiofuelsTargets for 2010 (EU-25): +62 mtoe for heat/electricity+18 mtoe biofuels

Europe’s ambitious targets for bioenergy

Wood : 85 %


In EU 25 : •140 Mha forest (36 % of land)•Current level of felling : 60 % of trees•Annual forest extension : 340. 000 ha •12 M Forest owners;•4 M people employed (direct/ indirect)•Various studies evaluating the potential of wood/ forest•All express same main result : tremendous potential unexploited

• Most recent study : EEA report ‘How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment?

EU Forest - Wood resources


• Main findings/ conservative figures as calculated at 35€/barrel:

By 2010 :•Forest residues : 15 Mtoe• Wood waste from processing industries & demolition wood: 34 Mtoe •Complementary fellings stem wood &residues : 28 Mtoe•By 2030: •Complementary fellings stem wood &residues: 23 Mtoe•Forest residues: 16.5 Mtoe•Wood waste from processing industries & demolition wood : 37 Mtoe

If calculate at 50 €/ barrel of oil : would expect a doubling of these figures

Considerable potential for felling in many EU countries: but most important in: central EU, Italy, France, UK, Spain.

EU Forest - Wood Results of EEA report


Power

+ 35Mtoe/aby 2010

Heat/Cooling

+27 Mtoe/aby 2010

Trans-port+18

Mtoe/aby 2010

Strategic research agenda FP7

Functioning solid biofuels European market including

international trade

Current use and future potential, land availability,

food & other industrial needs

Socio-economic issues and proper approach to the EU

citizen

BIOMASS ACTION PLANMAIN COMPONENTS

Total: + 80 Mtoe by 2010


Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final

• In total more than 30 specific measures proposed to stimulate the Bioenergy market and distributed under five areas ( Details in Annex 1) :

- Biomass Heating

- Biomass for Electricity generation

- Transport Biofuels

- Cross cutting issues

- Research

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 27

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28

•Over 11000 patents worldwide•No standardisation or prevailing design

Ocean Energy the associated break through promoted

Europe as Wind Energy world leader

Europe has :80% global manufacturing share•70% annual and cumulative market•Annual market value of ~ € 7bn•72% capacity in 2 countries•75,000 jobs•Generates 2.8% EU electricity

By 2010 wind is predicted to;

•Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people)•28% of all new installed generation capacity •10.6% of overall generation capacity•Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target•Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment•Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m•:Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, •Avoid €10-25 billion external costs

•Data for 2001-2010

Source: EWEA

WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE)

EU – 40,504 MWACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MWEFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW

Rep. Of Ireland495.5

UK1,353

Netherlands1,219

Spain10,027

Belgium167

France757

Germany18,428

Denmark3,122

Norway267

Sweden500

Finland82

Italy1,717

Switzerland11.6

Austria819

Poland73

Latvia26

Romania1.4

Turkey20

Greece573

Luxembourg35

Portugal1,022

Czech Republic26

Estonia30

Hungary17

Lithuania7

Slovakia5

Croatia6

Bulgaria1

Cyprus0

Ukraine82

Iceland0

Faroe Islands

4

Malta0

Slovenia 0

30

• Dynamic, fast developing sector

Actual projected production cost bellow 0.10 €/kWh

Average electricity production cost in EU 0.04€/kWh

Target Cost by 2015-2020 0.05 €/kWh

Ocean Energy Costs

31

Ocean EnergyFunding and priorities

• EC funding the last 15 years (DG RTD) > 30M€

• 6 demo projects under negotiation in DG TREN (budget 10M€)

• Priorities for FP7• Basic Research as well as demonstration of

full scale systems for electricity generation, in view of their commercial exploitation


ECOBUILDINGS


Potential for Ecobuildings in Europe

• More than 40% of the final energy consumption• Since 1990 energy consumption in the domestic and

tertiary sectors increased 1.3% per year• A potential of 22% energy saving could be realised in

heating, cooling and lighting• A balanced share between new and retrofitted

buildings• Rehabilitation necessary for 80 to 90% of buildings

in the last EUR 10 • Building stocks: Between 50 and 100 mio

apartments


ECOBUILDINGSContribution to the political and

legislative objectives• Improve substantially the energy performance of the

building market at a large scale transferring scientific knowledge issued from projects into stricter standards

• Go beyond the requirements of existing legislation and thus contributing to a further development of regulatory issues in this sector

Directorate-General for Energy and TransportDirectorate General for Energy and Transport

POLYGENERATION

Directorate-General for Energy and TransportDirectorate General for Energy and Transport

Polygeneration…beyond CHPPotential of the Sector

Polygeneration applies to all energy sectors and types of fuels.

Aims to maximise energy efficiency and use of resources by providing flexibility and multiple services.

Principle of generating more than two energy types, CHCP, CHP&Products.

Its potential for the EU is very significant. It addresses fossil fuels too.

Microturbine

Volvo engine adapted for DME

37

supports concrete initiatives of local communities

working towards a completely integrated energy policy, harmonizing a substantial use of RES

with efficient innovative technologies and systems to minimize energy consumption and

to improve the quality of citizens’ lives.

WHAT IS

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport n° 38Directorate General for Energy and Transport

CONCERTO

PVplant

Windpowerplant

House with Solar thermal and PVStorageStorage

Local CHP plantNeighbourhood

CHP

Individual house

Officebuildings

ESCO

Natural GasNatural Gas

ElectricityElectricity

Smallindustry

SMEs

Big industryBig industry

Green electricity

Green electricity

StorageStorage

n° 39Directorate-General for Energy and Transport

Citizens: From passive consumers …… to active savers

Think globally

GovernanceManagenergy

and othersCitizens:

real actors

Society

Act locally

PROGRAMMESManagEnergy

Legislationis global

Integration ofInstruments:

- from EU- from MS

Communityadded value

NETWORKING

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