directorate general for energy and transport euroforenet conference 20/11/2007 brussels european...

Directorate General for Energy and Transport Euroforenet Conference20/11/2007 Brussels

European Commission

Kyriakos MANIATIS

Biofuels & IndustryDG TREN

EU Biomass Action Plan:

State of Play


Agriculturalproducts

Forest products Industrial

by-products

Waste

Combustion

Gasification Pyrolysis

Anaerobic digestion

Fermentation

Heat Electricity Transport fuels

The Bioenergy MatrixP

rodu

cts

&

Ch

em

ica

ls Bioenergy is the only RES that can replace Fossil fuels

Bioenergy is the only RES that can address all market sectors


Source: EUROSTAT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Mto

e

Hydro Power Wind EnergyBiomass & Wastes Solar EnergyGeothermal Energy

Current trend: 75-80 Mtoe in 2010

White Paper target for EU-15: 135 Mtoe biomass use in 2010

Adjusted targets for EU-25: 150 Mtoe biomass use in 2010

Danger of missing EU targets for 2010


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ele

ctr

icit

y g

en

era

tio

n [

TW

h/y

ea

r]

_

New' RES-E excl. hydro

Small-scale hydro

Large-scale hydro

Total RES-E production (including hydro) from 1990-2005 in EU-25


0

30

60

90

120

150

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ele

ctri

city

gen

erat

ion

[TW

h/ye

ar]

_ Wind off-shore

Wind on-shore

Photovoltaics

Geothermal electricity

Biowaste

Solid biomass

Biogas

Production of ‘new’ RES-E (without hydropower) (total electricity consumption of

Ireland, Austria and Portugal)

from 1990 to 2005 equals to 148TWh70 TWH from Bioenergy


0

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

160.000

180.000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Bio

mas

s el

ectr

icity

gen

erat

ion

[GW

h]

Biowaste

Biogas

Solid biomass

Extrapolation total biomass

Development of electricity generation from

biomass in the period 1990-2004

Biomass: the sleeping giant waking up. Between 1990 & 2000 the biomass contribution for

electricity more than doubled

Between 2000 & 2005 the biomass contribution forelectricity doubled again

The same is anticipated between 2005 & 2009


Conclusion

Bioenergy will play a key role in all National energy policies of the Member States

Local production + Imports = Demand needs

The demand side will be addressed by the New RES Directive.

How will the supply side will be addressed??


Sustainable provision of feedstocks, considering– potential of European agriculture and forestry– impacts on food and material markets - EU & globally– other possible uses of biomass– mapping of biomass resources in the EU

Research and technological development– optimised production and mix of raw materials– advanced, more cost-effective conversion

technologies– more diverse feedstocks – not only wood/crops

Stable environment for the industry to develop

Challenges and questions


Issues that need to be addressed

How effectively do Member States use the:Rural Development Programme?Energy crop premium?Are there national strategies?

Can we develop management strategies to extract morewood from the forest??

And do this under a sustainable scenario?

Do we need imports and how much? Import raw material, orImport finished product?


The way forward:

An energy policy for Europe

The completion of the single marketGreater Community solidarity in managing energy supply risksMajor reductions in CO2 emissionsA 20% improvement in energy efficiency by 2020A 20% renewable energy share of energy consumption by 2020A low carbon fossil fuel strategyAn international energy policy


EU policy has addressed three different sectors:

Sectorial trends

Electricity – Directive 2001/77/EC – good progress with green electricity

Biofuels – Directive 2003/30/EC - recent start of solid growth

Heating and Cooling – solar thermal, geothermal and biomass• standards, R&D but no promotional directive • no coordinated approach• no consistency of support mechanisms• lack of appropriate policy and targets• administrative barriers


Clear growth in electricity

The recent start of solid growth in biofuels

The slow growth rate for heating and cooling

The contribution of renewable energy (electricity, transport and heat) 1990-2004 (mtoe)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

RES-H

RES-E (ex hydro, righthand scale)

RES-T (righthand scale)

Differences in the legislative framework for electricity, biofuels, and heating and cooling at EU level are reflected in the development of the three sectors:

Renewable Energy Policy


• Increase share of renewables in EU energy mix to address the three pillars of energy policy

• from 7% today to 20% by 2020;

• Binding overall renewables target for each Member State;• Member State National Action Plans, setting share of electricity, heating & cooling and biofuels and policy measures;

• Minimum 10% biofuels in each Member State.

New Renewables Policy


How do we get there? Green X balanced scenario projection of renewable energy growth (GWh, EU25)

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Biofuels

Solar thermal heating

Wind offshore

Wind onshore

Tide & wave

Solar thermal electricity

Photovoltaics

Geothermal heat & heatpumps

Geothermal electricity

Biomass, biogas,biowaste - H

Biomass, biogas,biowaste - E

Hydro


Purpose: achieve 12% RES target by 2010, diversify energy mix, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, job creation and stabilisation of rural regions

Promotion of biomass:Biomass Action Plan

Main activities:1. Energy Package of 10 January 20072. Agricultural and forestry policy 3. RTD, promotion of RES and standards


New elements:

- all 3 sectors: electricity, transport, heating and cooling

- national action plans for renewables i.e. biomass use to be assessed at national level across 3 sectors

- biofuel sustainability and second generation support

- heating and cooling: removing barriers

Renewables Directive 2008


17

Reaching targets

2006 2010 target 2020 target

All renewables: 7% 12% 20%Biofuels: 1% 5.75% 10%Green electricity: 15% 21% (no sectoralHeating/ cooling: 9% none target)

Biomass: 71 Mtoe 150 Mtoe 195 MtoeGreen electricity: 18 Mtoe 62 MtoeBiofuels: 3 Mtoe 43 MtoeHeating: 50 Mtoe 90 Mtoe


Agricultural and Forestry Policy

CAP- Review of energy crops

scheme

EU Forest Action Plan- Competition for raw materials- Forest management- Increasing trade flows

EU structural funds


BAP State of Play (1)

• In total 32 actions were proposed:

- 7 actions completed Report on Biofuels Directive Report on Renewable Electricity DirectiveProposal for revision of Fuel Quality DirectiveCO2 in cars communicationBiofuel Technology Platform launchedForest Action Plan Assessment of energy crop scheme


BAP State of Play (2)

• Other ongoing actions: – Review buildings directive to incentivise use of RES– Study on performance of household biomass boilers

and possibly set eco-design requirements – Review the impact of the energy use of wood and

wood residues on forest based industries– CEN standards on quality of biomass fuels – Development and trade policies to promote

sustainable biomass/ biofuels production


Conclusions

-Energy from biomass (incl. organic waste) is expected to make a significant contribution to a future sustainable energy system in Europe

-A predictable, long-term policy framework is needed to encourage development of long-term biomass supply. National Biomass

Action Plans to feed into national RES action Plans! EU policies support this through: BAP, FAP, FP7, CAP and the new Energy Package

-Challenges exist: increasing imports while ensuring sustainability criteria are met for the production of biomass/ biofuels

- Supplementary action on national, regional and local level with close involvement of all relevant stakeholders is essential and equally important


Thank you for your [email protected]

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