DIRECT MANIPULATION

What is Direct Manipulation?This is a style of Human Machine Interaction (HMI)

design which features a natural representation of task objects and actions promoting the notion of people performing a task themselves (directly) not through an intermediary like a computer.

The theory of Direct Manipulation

This is where the user physically interacts with their operating system.

This system allows the user to feel like that the user is in control, by allowing her to physically interact with files and directories, and presenting a visual representation of the progress and end point.

Therefore for users to easily learn and interact with computer systems, they must be able to understand the progression and action of each step they take.

The central ideas of user control Visibility of Object and Actions

Rapid, reversible, incremental actions

Replacement of complex command-language syntax with direct, visual manipulation of the object of interest.

Advantages of Direct Manipulation Direct manipulation shows the progress of steps

therefore errors occur much less often than they do in command type systems.

This fact alone gives users confidence to explore and learn more features of the software more quickly.

Because of these benefits, direct manipulation is present in designs from word processing to video games.

Video games are a prime example.

With only a small amount of training, users pick up controllers with buttons and knobs that generally map very well to the way the character is moving in physical space.

Problems of Direct Manipulation Screen space : Takes up plenty Multiple pages can slow user down Detail : can be lost (graphs vs.

tables) Not self explanatory (no prompt) Learning curve : users must learn

meaning of icons, etc. Different for novice vs. experienced users

Slow: for fast typists (moving hand to mouse is relatively slow)

Increase computer resource requirements

Thank You!We are Group No. 04

1. RL JayakodyIT/15/029

2. UAN Kaushalya IT/15/0093. HAATN Shanika IT/15/0194. DKMAB Bandara

46185. Kissinger Bwalya

4743