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REFERENCE GUIDE This reference guide will help you prepare your manuscript according to the journal’s policies before submission. It includes submission and formatting policies that are particular to Diplomatic History, examples of the most frequently used citations, and citation standards for the most frequently consulted archives. We will unsubmit and possibly reject any articles that do not adhere to this guide. Please read it very carefully. Diplomatic History, sponsored by the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR), is the only journal devoted to U.S. international history and foreign relations, broadly defined, including grand strategy, diplomacy, and issues involving gender, religion, culture, race and ethnicity, and ideology. It examines U.S. relations in a global and comparative context, and its broad focus appeals to a number of disciplines, including political science, international economics, gender studies, geography, anthropology, national security studies, and history. The editorial staff of Diplomatic History encourages authors to submit manuscripts that address broad understandings of U.S. foreign relations. The journal editors strive to find preeminent experts in the appropriate specialization who represent diverse backgrounds to review submitted manuscripts as well as participate as commentators in special solicited forums and as book reviewers. The choice of commentators and book reviewing is subject to the Editors’ discretion. Please consult the Diplomatic History website for more information about submissions and the review process.

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Manuscript Preparation and Style Formatting: Manuscripts should be double-spaced, with double-spaced (superscript) footnotes, one-inch margins, indented paragraphs, 12-point, Times New Roman font. Manuscripts must be less than 12,500 words and submitted as a WORD document. See below for more specific details on formatting. Style: Manuscripts should conform to the style requirements in this guide and the standards we have developed for archival citations. For additional inquiries not covered in this guide, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. Length: Manuscript submissions must be no longer than 12,500 words, including notes, but preferably shorter. The Editors make final determination of the length of all articles, and whatever the length of a submitted article, the Editors may ask that it be reduced to a word count meeting the needs of the journal. Authors who submit articles that exceed the 12,500-word limit can expect the Editors to ask them to reduce the length of their manuscript to meet the journal’s length requirements, and then to resubmit the shortened manuscript for review consideration. This word limit also applies to manuscripts that are returned to authors after the first round of decisions by reviewers and the Editors, and are then revised by authors and resubmitted. Title: The title and subtitle of the manuscript combined should be limited to a maximum of 10 words.

DIPLOMATICHISTORYEigenmannHall1900EastTenthSt.Bloomington,IN47406

Diplomatic History Reference Guide

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Anonymity: In order to assure anonymity, the author’s name and affiliation should appear only on a separate cover sheet. Authors should also avoid text references that indicate their identity and should limit citations to their own work. Abstract and Bio: Authors should include an abstract and short bio (50–100 words) with their manuscript submission as supplementary documents. In order to assure anonymity, the author’s name and affiliation should appear only on a separate cover sheet. International Standards: Authors should use U.S. (not British) English. Consult the Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary for spelling, hyphenation, italicization, capitalization, use of numbers, punctuation, and other matters of style.

Book Citations: Diplomatic History does not include the publisher in citations. Use the city and state only. Spell out the city name and abbreviate the state (Chicago, IL, 2006). A comma, not a colon, follows the place.

Avoid discursive notes: Lengthy, discursive notes should be reduced to a minimum or integrated into the text (see 14.39). Limit block quotes: Avoid the use of block quotes. Quotations under 100 words can be run into the text. Subheadings: Limit subheadings to no more than three. U.S. vs. United States: Use U.S. as adjective only. When used as a noun, use United States. Do not use “America” as a noun referring only to the United States. You may use the “Americas” if referring to North and South America. Dates: Dates should appear as January 4, 1977. Centuries are spelled out: seventeenth century (noun) and seventeenth-century (adjective). Do not insert footnotes mid-sentence: The number of note references in a sentence or a paragraph can sometimes be reduced by grouping several citations in a single note. The citations are separated by semicolons and must appear in the same order as the text material (whether works, quotations, or whatever) to which they pertain. Take care to avoid any ambiguity as to what is documenting what. Quotations: Periods and commas at the ends of quotations go inside the closing quotation mark while colons, semicolons, question marks, exclamation points go outside unless part of the quotation. Quotations marks inside of extracted text should use single quotes placed “inside of ‘punctuation.’” Keep interpolations enclosed in brackets and to a minimum. Acronyms: Use acronyms only after the full name is used and acronym defined in parentheses. Ibid. refers to the preceding item and takes place of the succeeding citation if it is identical. Ibid. cannot be used if there is more than one citation in the preceding note. Images: The author is encouraged to submit relevant graphics (photographs, maps, charts, line drawings, cartoons) that enhance the manuscript or that serve as supporting evidence. Such files should be sent as .tiff, .jpeg, or .bitmap, and must have a resolution of 300–600 dpi. The author is responsible for obtaining permission to publish any copyrighted material. Insert the figures into the text with figure numbers and captions and download the images as separate high-res files into ScholarOne as supplementary files. Final decisions about the inclusion of images will be up to the editors.


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Permission to reproduce copyright material, for print and online publication in perpetuity, must be cleared and if necessary paid for by the author; this includes applications and payments to DACS, ARS, and similar licensing agencies where appropriate. Evidence in writing that such permissions have been secured from the rights-holder must be made available to the editors. It is also the author's responsibility to include acknowledgements as stipulated by the particular institutions. Oxford Journals can offer information and documentation to assist authors in securing print and online permissions: please see the Guidelines for Authors section. Information on permissions contacts for a number of main galleries and museums can also be provided.

Notification of Submission: Authors must indicate that Diplomatic History is the sole venue for consideration of your manuscript. Successful Submission Requirements

An article published in Diplomatic History is a product of a meticulous review process and, we believe, meets the highest standards of the discipline in terms of substance and style. The process can be time-consuming and arduous. Below are some factors that bear on the success of a manuscript in the writing and review process, from its conception to publication.

Submission Requirements:

1. A manuscript should be historical in context, no matter how recent, and should deal with the foreign policy of the United States, broadly conceived (see the opening mission statement of this document). Diplomatic History encourages topics of the widest topical and historical nature on international topics, trends in the field, or beyond it, that touch on U.S. foreign relations, cross disciplinary work, new topics, and/or new interpretations and arguments.

2. Manuscripts must be based on archival and other primary materials. The sources usually go beyond those compiled in Foreign Relations of the United States, although FRUS can be an essential source.

3. Manuscripts should address the literature, both older and the most-cutting edge, and indicate how the author’s topic is situated in that body of work. Authors should show the importance of their articles within the literature, arguing how the manuscript will advance or add to our knowledge. A long historiographical section is not necessary, but a judgment of the literature is in order. Some authors place this discussion in a footnote by a listing of sources. Please remember: all notes, historiographical as well as primary sources, are added to the total word count of the manuscript.

4. It is important to edit carefully and abide by the journal’s policies before submission. We will unsubmit articles that do not meet the highest standards of publication at the time of submission. Sloppy formatting often brings into question the quality of the author’s argument. Along with the substance of the article, presentation can affect the review of a manuscript.

Successful manuscripts usually include one or more of the following:

• a developed and appealing introduction (of one to several paragraphs) with a clear and succinct argument which makes a distinct contribution to the respective historiography.

• an interpretation based on the most recent scholarship that indicates the importance of the manuscript to the literature and field.

• an indication of the importance of the utilized sources. • a body of the article that has clearly structured argument and presents the evidence clearly and fully. • a conclusion that both summarizes the content and analyzes the findings, and which may even point

to a future research agenda. • grammatical correctness, appropriate academic jargon, and consistent formatting.


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Unsuccessful manuscripts usually include one or more of the following:

• irrelevance to the Diplomatic History readership. • inaccurate, irrelevant, or imprecise treatment of the issues or interpretations. • absence of primary sources (especially archival materials). • faulty presentation (formatting that does not adhere to the journal’s standards, problems with

grammar and style, format is in “scientific” form or information is presented in a list rather than in prose, etc.)

• grammatical incorrectness, inappropriate academic jargon, sloppy editing, and inconsistent formatting.

CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLE QUICK GUIDE The following examples illustrate citations using the notes and bibliography system. Examples of notes are followed by shortened versions of citations to the same source. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style or the online Quick Guide.

Basic structure of a note

A footnote or an endnote generally lists the author, title, and facts of publication, in that order. Elements are separated by commas; the facts of publication are enclosed in parentheses. Authors’ names are presented in standard order (first name first). Titles are capitalized headline-style (see 8.157), unless they are in a foreign language (see 11.3). Titles of larger works (e.g., books and journals) are italicized; titles of smaller works (e.g., chapters, articles) or unpublished works are presented in roman and enclosed in quotation marks (see 8.161). Such terms as editor/edited by, translator/translated by, volume, and edition are abbreviated.

To reduce the bulk of documentation in scholarly works that use footnotes or endnotes, subsequent citations of sources already given in full should be shortened whenever possible. The short form, as distinct from an abbreviation, should include enough information to remind readers of the full title or to lead them to the appropriate entry in the bibliography. (Some short forms are not covered here: for citing different chapters in the same work, see 14.113; for letters, see 14.117; for legal citations, see 14.287. Other short forms may be patterned on the examples in this section.

Book **NOTE: Diplomatic History does NOT include the publishers in the footnotes. Include the city and state only, separated by commas. Be sure all of your state abbreviations are correct.

One author 1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York, 2006), 99–100. 2. Pollan, Omnivore’s Dilemma, 3.

Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author 1. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago, IL, 1951), 91–92. 2. Lattimore, Iliad, 24.

Editor, translator, or compiler in addition to author 1. Gabriel García Márquez, Love in the Time of Cholera, trans. Edith Grossman (London, 1988), 242–55. 2. García Márquez, Cholera, 33.


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Chapter or other part of a book 1. John D. Kelly, “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War,” in Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, ed. John D. Kelly et al. (Chicago, IL, 2010), 77. 2. Kelly, “Seeing Red,” 81–82.

Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (as in primary sources) 1. Quintus Tullius Cicero, “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship,” in Rome: Late Republic and Principate, ed. Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White, vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, ed. John Boyer and Julius Kirshner (Chicago, IL, 1986), 35. 2. Cicero, “Canvassing for the Consulship,” 35.

Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book 1. James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chicago, IL, 1982), xx–xxi. 2. Rieger, introduction, xxxiii.

Journal article

Article in a print journal In a note, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article. For journals that are available online, but are exact facsimiles of the print version, cite the same way as the print version. No URL is necessary. 1. Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s Republic,” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 440. 2. Weinstein, “Plato’s Republic,” 452–53.

Article in an online journal Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to http://dx.doi.org.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to the source. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an access date. 1. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, accessed February 28, 2010, doi:10.1086/599247. 2. Kossinets and Watts, “Origins of Homophily,” 439.

Article in a newspaper or popular magazine For newspapers or magazines that are available online, but are exact facsimiles of the print versions, cite the same way as the print version. No URL is necessary. 1. Daniel Mendelsohn, “But Enough about Me,” New Yorker, January 25, 2010, 68. 3. Mendelsohn, “But Enough about Me,” 69. 4. Stolberg and Pear, “Wary Centrists.”

Thesis or dissertation 1. Mihwa Choi, “Contesting Imaginaires in Death Rituals during the Northern Song Dynasty” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2008). 2. Choi, “Contesting Imaginaires.”


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ARCHIVAL CITATIONS Diplomatic History has compiled this guide to standardize archival citations from the most commonly utilized archives. *Archives not covered in this guide should make an effort to be consistent and include as much information as possible including (in this order) separated by commas. 1). the type and title of the item 2). originating office 3). addressee 4). Date 5.) series title 6.) boxes and/or files by name and number 7.) entry/item number 8.) name of the collection 9.) name of the depository. Contents: Part One: National Archives

I. National Archives II. FRUS III. The British National Archives IV.

Part Two: Libraries

I. John F. Kennedy Library II. Jimmy Carter Library III. Harry S. Truman Library IV. Lyndon B. Johnson Library V. Dwight D. Eisenhower Library VI. Hoover Institution Archives VII. Ronald Reagan Library VIII. Library of Congress


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National Archives (USNA)

The following guidance is aimed at users of Department of State National Archive records. *Use commas throughout and semicolons to separate full citations.

Examples:

• Telegram 01064 from London to the Department of State, April 15, 1965, file POL 27 Viet S,

1964–66 Central Foreign Policy File, folder #, box #, Record Group 59 (hereafter RG 59), National Archives (hereafter USNA).

Ø Subsequent citation: Telegram 01064, April 15, 1965, RG 59, USNA. • Telegram from IATF Fort Chafee to IAFT Secretary of State, January 23, 1967, folder "Operation

New Life/Arrivals Message Traffic for Repatriate Situation on Guam," Special Operations Division, Record Group 319 (hereafter RG 319), National Archives (hereafter USNA).

Ø Subsequent citation: Telegram from IATF Fort Chafee to IAFT Secretary of State, January 23, 1967, RG 319, USNA.

A proper citation to the records in which you are interested will have several elements:

1. Type of document and document number. All incoming and outgoing telegrams, airgrams,

despatches, instructions, and many reports are numbered. Correspondence, memorandums, memorandums of conversation generally do not have assigned numbers.

2. Originating office. The place where the document originated. This might be the Department of State, an office within the Department, a Foreign Service Post, another agency, or an individual.

3. Addressee. The destination of the communication. This might be the Department of State, a Foreign Service Post, another agency, or an individual.

4. Exact Date of document. 5. File designation.

a. [5a: Central Files] If the document comes from the Department's central files, you should include the file designation that each individual document carries, either in the right margin or at the upper-right of the document. You should not use the folder designation for records from the central files as those folders may contain documents from more than one file designation. Box numbers should not be used for central file citations.

b. [5b: Decentralized files] If the document comes from a subject or country file maintained by a separate office, this designation would be to the folder title, including any alphabetical or numerical file designation. Box numbers may be useful for decentralized file citations, but if you have a good file designation, they can be superfluous.

c. [5c: SAS] Guidance for citations is found in the FAQ for these records <http://www.archives.gov/research/foreign-policy/state-dept/rg-59-central-files/faqs.pdf>.

6. Series title. For the central files, Specify the segment of the central files. If the document comes from the decentralized ("Lot") files, you should include the name of the bureau and the office as well as the series title.

7. Entry number. The entry number assigned to the records within a record group in the National Archives.

8. Record group number. 9. Repository (i.e. "National Archives").

*Subsequent citations should always include a shorthand version of the document or doc #, the date, record group and repository. Please take care to be consistent but to avoid lengthy citations.


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Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS)

The Office of the Historian offers the following general recommendations for citing documents in the Foreign Relations of the United States series. These guidelines have been modified according to Diplomatic History’s house style. The components of this citation are as follows:

1. Series title: Foreign Relations of the United States 2. Subseries title: 1969–1976 3. Volume number: Volume XIX, Part 1 4. Volume title: Korea, 1969–1972 5. Editors (not to include the General Editor): Daniel J. Lawler and Erin R. Mahan 6. City: Washington, DC 7. Year published: 2010 8. Location within the volume: Document 75, Page #.

*Cite document numbers AND page numbers when possible: Every document in the Foreign Relations series since the 1955–57 subseries has been assigned a sequential number unique within the volume. The advantage of citing a Foreign Relations document by its document number is that, unlike page numbers, the numbers are media neutral and remain consistent across different media: print, web, and ebook. Since volumes before the 1955–57 subseries did not include document numbers, citations must reference page numbers. An example of a citation is as follows: Macatee to the Secretary of State, February 9, 1948, Foreign Relations of the United States (hereafter FRUS), 1969–1976, vol. XIX, part 1, Korea, 1969–1972, eds. Daniel J. Lawler and Erin R. Mahan (Washington, DC, 2010), doc. 75.

Second citation: Macatee to Secretary of State, May 9, 1948, FRUS, vol. XIX, part 1, doc. 75. FRUS Online: For FRUS documents that are available in print and online, but are exact facsimiles of the print version, cite the same way as the print version. No URL is necessary. Some FRUS sources are only available online, in that case, cite as follows: Letter from President Johnson to the Shah of Iran, January 2, 1964, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXII, Iran (Washington, DC), last accessed on April 30, 2007, http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxii/a.html.

For FRUS sources that are only available online, we recommend appending the canonic URL for the volume (or document) to your reference. This will allow readers to directly access the source. Taking the previous citation as an example, the following URL would be appended to the end of the citation, often including a date the material was accessed Variations in the titles of early Foreign Relations volumes. Early editions of the Foreign Relations series used a variety of titles. For example: Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918, Russia, vol. III (Washington, DC, 1932), 51.


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British National Archives See the guidelines here: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/citing-documents.htm A brief citation usually contains the following information:

• the name of the institution responsible for the custody of the records or catalogues: The National Archives

• the full catalogue reference: the alphanumeric code used to identify, describe and order the record • the internal identifier: details of the folio, page, docket, membrane or other number within the piece

(the container box, volume, folio, bundle, roll and so on). File references provided by the government departments that created the records can be a key internal identifier for certain records. When available, the former file reference appears in The National Archives online catalogue under the label 'Former references: in its original department'

Specific guidance on each of these points appears in the website, followed by advice on the citation of online catalogue page and a short note on copyright requirements. In Diplomatic History, however, all archival citations should be formatted from specific to general. Examples of full citation:

• WO 32, The National Archives (hereafter TNA) • JUST 1/40, The National Archives of the UK (hereafter TNA) • ADM 1/2233/19, The National Archives of the UK (hereafter TNA) • C 139 Chancery: Inquisitions Post Mortem, Series 1, Henry VI, The National Archives (hereafter

TNA) Thereafter:

• WO 32, TNA • JUST 1/40, TNA • ADM 1/2233/19, TNA • C 139 Chancery: Inquisitions Post Mortem, Series 1, Henry VI, TNA


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LIBRARIES

Contents:

IX. John F. Kennedy Library X. Jimmy Carter Library XI. Harry S. Truman Library XII. Lyndon B. Johnson Library XIII. Dwight D. Eisenhower Library XIV. Hoover Institution Archives XV. Ronald Reagan Library

John F. Kennedy Library

Guidelines on citations and credits

When citing our textual holdings, please include the box numbers in which materials were located; when citing audiovisual materials, please use the items' accession numbers. This information will assist our Reference staff in retrieving cited materials for other researchers. Below are examples of citation formats and credit lines for various types of Library materials. Initial citations (of collections or of the Kennedy Library) should be spelled out; subsequent citations should use abbreviations (e.g., WHCSF for White House Central Subject Files and JFKL for John F. Kennedy Presidential Library). For more information, see http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Services/Citations-and-credits.aspx.

Examples

1. Letter from John F. Kennedy to James M. Curley, April 20, 1948, "Cuddy-Dedrick" folder, Pre-Presidential Papers, box 32, John F. Kennedy Library (hereafter JFKL). [Use the title as it appears on the folder].

Ø Letter from John F. Kennedy to James M. Curley, April 20, 1948, JFKL.

2. Report, Civil Rights Activities in the Department of Commerce, July 2, 1962, "Reports to the President" folder, Department of Commerce microfilm, roll 115, John F. Kennedy Library (hereafter JFKL).

Ø Report, Civil Rights Activities in the Department of Commerce, July 2, 1962, JFKL.


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Jimmy Carter Library

See the following website: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/cite.phtml

Regardless of footnote style, each citation should contain the following elements:

• Type of document • Names of sender and recipient or title of document • Date of document • Folder title • Box Number (note: box numbers sometimes change, and items should never be identified

only by box number) • Collection title • Jimmy Carter Library

EXAMPLES:

• White House Central File, Subject File: Memo, Bob Lipshutz and Stu Eizenstat to President Carter, 3/23/79, "CA 7 Ex." folder, box CA-14, WHCF-Subject File, Jimmy Carter Library (hereafter JCL).

• White House Central File, Name File: Letter, Reid Bondurant to President Carter, 2/15/77, "Bondurant" folder, WHCF-Name File, Jimmy Carter Library.

• Correspondence Tracking: Letter, Sharon Slepicka to Eugene Eidenberg, 8/29/80, File No. 077387, Box 211, WHCF-Correspondence Tracking, Jimmy Carter Library.

• White House Staff Office Files: Memo, Jody Powell to Frank Moore, 6/22/77, "Memoranda--Moore, Frank, 1/28/77–6/22/77 [CF, O/A 55]" folder, box 46, Jody Powell's Files, Jimmy Carter Library.

• Donated Historical Material: List, Organizations Endorsing SALT II, 11/9/79, "Carter Administration Efforts" folder, box 3, George D. Moffett Collection, Jimmy Carter Library.

• Federal Records: Bob Kuttner's Position Description, "Staff Descriptions" folder, Box 1, Records of the National Commission on Neighborhoods, RG 220, Jimmy Carter Library.

• Oral Histories: Hedley Donovan Interview, 8/14/80, White House Staff Exit Interviews, p. 10, Jimmy Carter Library.

• Audiovisual Materials: Film, "Bill Sign; Rhodesia Chrome," 3/18/77, 87/00360-7M-0330, U.S. Naval Photographic Center Collection, Jimmy Carter Library. Audiotape, "Remarks of the President upon Arrival at Orly Airport," 1/4/78, PRESUS Tape No. 522, White House Communications Agency Collection, Jimmy Carter Library.

• Photographs: Please use the following credit line: Courtesy: Jimmy Carter Library.


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Harry S. Truman Library

See website: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/procedur.htm

CITING LIBRARY HOLDINGS: Citations should identify items clearly, specify their file locations, and end with reference to the Harry S. Truman Library. Citations to Truman's Presidential papers typically require some information about series and subseries. Researchers are encouraged to use several abbreviations to simplify their citations to Truman's papers. These are:

• WHCF (White House Central Files) • OF (Official File) • PPF (President's Personal File) • CF (Confidential File) • PSF (President's Secretary's Files) • SMOF (Staff Member and Office Files) • PPP (Post-Presidential Papers)

Some sample citations to the library's collections follow:

*Note: Diplomatic History substitutes commas for semi-colons

Examples:

• Matthew J. Connelly to Thomas J. Lane, April 11, 1947, WHCF:OF 151, Truman Papers, Truman Library.

• W. Stuart Symington, Memorandum for Mr. Forrestal, January 28, 1949, WHCF:CF, Air Force, Dept. of the, July-December 1949 [2 of 2], Truman Papers, Truman Library.

• "National Security Council Progress Report...on the Implementation of Internal Security (NSC 17/4; 17/6)", PSF: National Security Council Meetings, Truman Papers, Truman Library.

• Charles E. Johnson to George A. Morgan, October 31, 1952, SMOF: Psychological Strategy Board Files, 319.1 File #2 - Report by PSB on the Status of the Psychological Program, Truman Papers, Truman Library.

• Harry S. Truman to John Snyder, December 14, 1943, Export-Import Bank folder, Senatorial and Vice-Presidential papers, Truman Papers, Truman Library.

• Dean Acheson to George C. Marshall, June 26, 1948, Germany folder, Acheson Papers, Truman Library.

• Report, "Economic Outlook for 1951," not dated, Reports, 1951 folder, Keyserling Papers, Truman Library.

• Oral history interviews: o Oral history interview, E. Allan Lightner, Jr., October 26, 1973, p. 51, Truman

Library.


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Lyndon B. Johnson Library

See website for comprehensive guide on how to cite materials from the LBJ Library: http://www.lbjlibrary.net/CitingHistoricalMaterials.pdf Citations should identify items clearly, specify their file locations, and end with reference to the LBJ Library. Most citations will concern items from the manuscript collections and should contain these elements: type of document; names of sender and recipient or title of document; date; folder title; box number; collection title; and the words "LBJ Library."


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Dwight D. Eisenhower Library

See website: http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/conducting_research.html#20

There is no universal format for citing materials from this archival depository. While the Library cannot require the use of a standard form of footnote by researchers in their writings, it is important that citations clearly indicate the location of items. This will help the researcher who may want to use the material again, the Library staff who may be asked for cited documents, and other researchers.

A citation should identify completely the particular document used by type, name of sender and recipient, date, file folder title, box number, series (if applicable), collection, and the Library. Other information may be given, but citations should be kept simple.

*For Diplomatic History, please shorten citation by excluding repetitive information and abbreviating subsequent citations as DDEL.

Examples:

• Memorandum of conversation, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John Foster Dulles, and Harold Macmillan, June 22, 1958, DDE Diary - June 1958 (4), box 30, DDE Diaries Series, Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President, 1953–61, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (hereafter DDEL).

• Christian A. Herter to Dwight D. Eisenhower, March 31, 1959, Great Britain 1959 (3), box 22, International Series, Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President, 1953–61, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (hereafter DDEL).

• Dwight D. Eisenhower to Richard B. Russell, September 27, 1959, Official File 142-A-5-A, box 732, White House Central Files, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (hereafter DDEL).

• Bryce N. Harlow to Dwight D. Eisenhower, August l8, 1954, in folder for speech of August 19, 1954, box 4, Speech Series, Records of Bryce N. Harlow, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (hereafter DDEL).

• George A. Jacoby to Howard L. Bevis, June 26, 1957, Letters to Corporations and Editors, box 19, General Subject Series, Records of the President's Committee on Scientists and Engineers, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (hereafter DDEL).

• William P. Rogers to Dwight D. Eisenhower, May 20, 1959, box 8, Chronological Series, William P. Rogers Papers, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library (hereafter DDEL).


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Hoover Institution Archives

See website for details: http://www.hoover.org/library-archives/collections/get-help/citation-help

Citations should include the title and date of the item, box number, collection title, and repository name. Additional elements may be needed for complex collections. Formatting styles vary.

Examples

• Standard Citation C. S. Letrek to L. L. Knowland, March 23, 1954, box 88, Wallace E. Adams Papers, Hoover Institution Archives.

• Copy at Hoover, Originals Elsewhere NKVD Order 20856, May 5, 1961, reel 102, Lietuvos SSR Valstybës Saugumo Komitetas Selected Records, Hoover Institution Archives. Originals in Lietuvos Ypatingasis Archyvas, Fond K-200, opis 3, file 123.

• Digital Resource Found in Reading Room Photograph of Unit 15 at unidentified training camp, circa 2010 (1187_unit015.jpg), John R. Bruning Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

• Digital Resource Found on Internet Firing Line with William F. Buckley: The Prevailing Bias transcript, May 2, 1966, Firing Line Broadcasts, Hoover Institution Archives, http://hoohila.stanford.edu/firingline/programView2.php?programID=26


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Ronald Reagan Library See website for details: http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/citations.html Citations should identify items clearly, specify their file locations, and end with reference to the Ronald Reagan Library. Citation examples for different collections are listed below:

For the WHORM Subject File: Letter, Ronald Reagan to Daniel James, Feb. 6, 1984, ID #183417, ND016, WHORM: Subject File, Ronald Reagan Library (hereafter RRL).

For the WHORM Alpha File: Telegram, Daniel K. Inouye to George P. Shultz, March 7, 1985, folder "Inouye, Daniel K.," WHORM: Alpha File, Ronald Reagan Library (hereafter RRL). For Staff Member and Office File collections: Memo, Elizabeth Dole to Edwin Meese, Sept. 5, 1984, folder "Air Traffic Control (AT 6605)," box OA 11850, Edwin Meese Files, Ronald Reagan Library (hereafter RRL). For Ronald Reagan Governor’s Papers: Public Opinion Poll, by Republican National Committee, April 29, 1968, folder “Polls: 1968 (1 of 2),” Box 16, Research Unit, Ronald Reagan Governor’s Papers, Ronald Reagan Library (hereafter RRL). Report, “Program Standards for Early and Periodic Screening: Medi-Screen,” folder, ibid, Box H27, Agency Library, Health and Welfare Agency, Ronald Reagan Governor’s Papers, Ronald Reagan Library. For Reagan Library Website: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, “Chronology of Ronald Reagan’s Presidency, 1979–89,” last accessed May 18, 2005, https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/preschrono.html. “Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin June 12, 1987,” The Public Papers of President Ronald W. Reagan, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, last accessed May 18, 2005, https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/speeches/1987/061287d.htm. For Vertical File: Use a citation format appropriate for the original publication but include [Reference Copy from Vertical File, Ronald Reagan Library] For Oral Histories: Audio tape, WH exit interview with Edwin Harper, July 5, 1983, Oral History – WH Exit Interviews, Ronald Reagan Library. For the Student Research File: Memo, Fred F. Fielding to James A. Baker III, June 15, 1983, ID # 68, Student Research Files: PATCO, Ronald Reagan Library.


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Library of Congress See the website to cite other types of sources, but be sure to format as footnotes, with commas instead of periods: http://www.loc.gov/teachers/usingprimarysources/chicago.html#government Most commonly cited in DH: Government Publications Many government publications originate through executive departments, federal agencies, and the United States Congress. Many of the documents are chronicled records of government proceedings, which become part of the Congressional Record. These documents are often posted without a clear indication of author, title, publisher or copyright date. Look for available clues and give as much information as possible, including the URL and date accessed. Chicago Citation Format (Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed., sections 17.270, 17.295) Structure: 1. Creator’s last name, first name, middle initial (or filmographer’s name if no director is specified, but indicate role). 2. Author’s last name, first name, middle initial (if given). 3. Title of document (subsection is placed in quotes, followed by title in italics). 4. Format (omit if it is a printed page). 5. Publisher city: publishing company, copyright date (include as much information as possible such as page numbers). 6. Source (From Library of Congress in normal font), Collection name with dates (in italics). 7. Medium (software requirement needed to access source). 8. URL (use bibliographic record URL or shorter digital id if available at bottom of bib record). 9. Accessed date (in parenthesis). Last name, First name Middle initial. Title of Work, Format, City: Publishing Company, copyright date. Source, Collection. Medium, http://...(accessed date). Example: “Proceedings December 17, 1792,” Annals of Congress, House of Representatives, 2nd Congress, 2nd Session, Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1849, pp. 747–748. 3. MANUSCRIPTS The Library of Congress online collections include letters, diaries, recollections, and other written material. One example is this letter from Helen Keller to Mr. John Hitz. Helen describes her trip to Chicago to visit the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. Chicago Citation Format (Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed., sections 17.270, 17.222–33) Structure: 1. Author’s last name, first name, middle initial.


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2. document (in italics). 3. Format (letter, manuscript, pamphlet…). 4. Publisher city: publishing company, copyright date. (if given). 5. Source (From Library of Congress in normal font), Collection name with dates (in italics). 6. Medium (software requirement needed to access source, ). 7. URL (use bibliographic record URL or shorter digital id if available at bottom of bib record). 8. Accessed date (in parenthesis). Last name, First name Middle initial, Title of Work, Format, City: Publishing Company, copyright date. Source, Collection, Medium, http://...(accessed date). Example: Keller, Helen to John Hitz, August 29, 1893, Letter, Library of Congress, The Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, 1862–1939, http://www.loc.gov/item/magbellbib004020 (accessed January 11, 2006). 4. NEWSPAPERS

Historic newspapers provide a glimpse of historic time periods. The articles, as well as the advertising, are an appealing way to get a look at the regions of the country or the world and the issues of the day.

Chicago Citation Format (Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed., sections 17.270, 17.188)

Structure:

1. Author’s last name, first name, middle initial (if given; if no author is given, use title of Newspaper here instead in italics).

2. Title of article (in quotes); Title of newspaper (if not used above) in italics. 3. Format (leave blank if printed document). 4. Publisher city: publishing company, copyright date. 5. Source (From Library of Congress in normal font), Collection name with dates (in italics). 6. Medium (software requirement needed to access source ). 7. URL (use bibliographic record URL or shorter digital id if available at bottom of bib record). 8. Accessed date (in parenthesis).

Last name, First name Middle initial, Title of Work, Format, City: Publishing Company, copyright date. Source, Collection, Medium, http://...(accessed date).

Example: The Stars and Stripes, “Services Plan to Aid Returned Men in Securing Jobs,” Dec. 13, 1918, Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/np_item.pl?collection=sgpsas&agg=sgpsas&iss=19181213&page=1 (accessed Feb. 10, 2012)

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