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Diploma 8 Eugene Han Outline and Structure 2013/14 Common Forms of the City The yearly brief for the unit has always centred on the problematic of form in architecture in order to challenge conceptions and possibilities for the city. By examining layers of disjunctive relationships that are integral in defining the complexities of cities today, the unit uses architectural form as a technique for defamiliarising the constructed settings within which we are habituated. Throughout recent years, the unit had focused on the changing notion of public space within cities dominated by corporate intervention. This year, the unit will continue working within the city as an architectural project, however widening its focus to include inquiries beyond the physical confines of the city itself. We will be re-‐examining relationships between the city and its outlying districts in order to reframe our understanding of territories in architectural form. Such examinations hope to restore the discourse of architecture as a means of communication, as a second-‐order language that involves a critique on the relationships between the individual and the collective. During the latter half of the past century, Structuralism and its various derivatives had gained currency within a late-‐Modernist discourse on form. The unit seeks to reinstitute such approaches, however with the inclusion of more recent theories brought about by computation. In doing so, the unit sets as its ambition a paradigm for descriptive procedures in developing architectural form, placing itself in stark opposition to the prescriptive formalism that has dominated such studies in architecture since the proliferation of computational tools in the field. Students will be expected to develop their proposals in response to Diploma 8's methodological approach to form. The enduring concept of reductive architectural elements will maintain a key position within the unit's curriculum, however such studies will be furthered by an additional emphasis on their combinatorial possibilities. Through such procedures, we will examine the manifold consequences of combining form within critical histories of architecture. With the reinstatement of such topics, the unit agenda prioritizes the descriptive and communicative possibilities in architecture in a time when technique often implies prescription, when the uncertain no longer possesses significance. Left: Borja Muguiro Right: Costa di Sambuy
Reading List *Publications and Essays will be updated as the year progresses
Reading List (non-‐-‐-‐exhaustive list) *Publications and Essays will be updated as the year progresses 1. Colquhoun, Alan. Essays in Architectural Criticism: Modern Architecture and Historical Change.
Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1981. Print. 2. Eisenman, Peter. Eisenman inside Out: Selected Writings, 1963-‐1988. New Haven, CT: Yale UP,
2004. Print. 3. Rowe, Colin. The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa and Other Essays. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1979.
Print. 4. Rowe, Colin, and Fred Koetter. Collage City. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1978. Print. 5. Rossi, Aldo, and Peter Eisenman. The Architecture of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1982. Print. 6. Hays, K. Michael., ed. Architecture Theory since 1968. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1998. Print. 7. Nesbitt, Kate, ed. Theorizing a New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory,
1965-‐1995. New York: Princeton Architectural, 1996. Print. 8. Hays, K. Michael., ed. Oppositions Reader: Selected Readings from a Journal for Ideas and Criticism
in Architecture, 1973-‐1984. New York: Princeton Architectural, 1998. Print. 9. Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1960. Print. 10. Hays, K. Michael. Architecture's Desire: Reading the Late Avant-‐garde. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2010.
Print. 11. Antoine Picon (Ed). Précis of the Lectures on Architecture. Getty Research Institute. 2000. 12. Leach, Neil. Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Print. 13. Tschumi, Bernard. The Manhattan Transcripts: Theoretical Projects. New York: Academy
Editions/St. Martin's, 1981. Print. 14. Hertzberger, Herman. Lessons for Students in Architecture. Rotterdam: Uitgeverij 010, 1991. Print. 15. Eisenman, Peter, Rosalind E. Krauss, and Manfredo Tafuri. Houses of Cards. New York: Oxford UP,
1987. Print. 16. Eisenman, Peter. House X. New York: Rizzoli, 1982. Print.
17. De, Landa Manuel. Philosophy and Simulation: The Emergence of Synthetic Reason. London:
Continuum, 2011. Print.
18. Deleuze, Gilles. "How Do We Recognize Structuralism?" Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953-‐1974. Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e), 2004. 170-‐192. Print.
19. Jakobson, Roman, Krystyna Pomorska, and Stephen Rudy. Verbal Art, Verbal Sign, Verbal Time. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1985. Print.
20. Jakobson, Roman Osipovič, Krystyna Pomorska, and Stephen Rudy. Language in Literature. Cambridge: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1971. Print.
21. Jakobson, Roman, Linda R. Waugh, and Monique Monville-‐Burston. On Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1990. Print.
22. Culler, Jonathan D. Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1975. Print.
23. Tange, Kenzo. Function, Structure and Symbol. 1966. Print.
Architectural Precedence (partial list) -‐Buikslotermeer Urban Study (Van den Broek and Bakema and Aldo van Eyck, Amsterdam, 1962-‐63) -‐Cannaregio (Peter Eisenman, Venice – Italy, 1978) -‐Casa del Fascio (Guiseppe Terragni, Como – Italy, 1936) -‐Centraal Beheer (Hermann Hertzberger, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands. 1967-‐72) -‐Chase Manhattan Bank HQ (SOM. NYC, NY. 1961) -‐Citicorp Center (Hugh Stubbings & Associates. NYC, NY. 1977) -‐Embarcadero Center (John Portman & Associates. San Francisco, CA. 1982) -‐Facebook Headquarters (Palo Alto, CA. 2009) -‐Free University Competition, Candilis-‐Josic-‐Woods, Berlin. 1963-‐73 -‐General Mills Headquarters (SOM. Golden Valley, MN. 2008) -‐Googleplex (Mountain View, CA. 1997) -‐Inland Steel Building (SOM. Chicago, IL. 1958) -‐Inmos Microprocessor Factory (Richard Rogers & Partners, South Wales – UK) -‐Lever House (SOM. NYC, NY. 1952) -‐Microsoft Headquarters (Redmond, WA. 1986) -‐New Draught Beer Department for Greene King Brewery (Michael Hopkins Architects, St. Edmunds. 1979) -‐Nike (Beaverton – Unincorporated Washington County, WA) -‐Orphanage (Aldo Van Eyck, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1960-‐61) -‐Parc de la Villette (Bernard Tschumi, Paris – France. 1984-‐1987) -‐Peachtree Center (John Portman & Associates. Atlanta, GA. 1956-‐65) -‐Rockefeller Center (Associated Architects. NYC, NY. 1928-‐1940) -‐Salk Institute (Louis Kahn, La Jolla, USA. 1959-‐66) -‐Seagrams Building (Mies van der Rohe. NYC, NY. 1960) -‐Silicon Valley (Various architects/corporations) -‐Stansted Airport (Foster + Partners, Stansted – London) -‐Stuttgart Airport (Von Gerkan Marg, Stuttgart – Germany. 1991) -‐Union Carbide Building (SOM. NYC, NY. 1960) -‐Venice Hospital (Le Corbusier, Venice – Italy. 1965) -‐XYZ Buildings (Wallace Harrison & Max Abramoviz. NYC, NY. 1972)
Cannaregio Square Peter Eiseneman, 1978
TERM 1 The unit’s first term is organised into two parts. Over the first eight weeks, students will be
introduced to common and significant topics that will influence the course of work for all student projects throughout the year. The remaining weeks thereafter will be given for students to apply theories and
concepts as reified through architectural form.
Included within the first part of this term is a series of seminars, covering theoretical and historical bases of architectural form, understanding the city as an architectural project, and discussing
topics of the possibility of architecture as a language. By concurrently looking at Late Modernist architectural theories of repetition, seriality, and syntax-‐vs-‐semantics in form, along with analogous theories in literature during Structuralism and Formalism, it is intended that students develop an
understanding on the discourse between architecture and building, or poetry and prose. The basis for student projects will be guided by discussions on the relationship between architecture and language, as
well as architecture as a language. Continuing the discussion of Structuralism in architecture, made more popular during the 1960’s to the 80’s, the unit brief seeks to reinvigorate such discourse with the inclusion of newer topics in complexity and emergence. With advances in computation and philosophy
available in common literature today, a productive re-‐evaluation of Structuralism (and its offshoots) can be had with more contemporary methodologies in architectural design. Each seminar will conclude with
discussions and writing that will serve to gradually build up each student’s position for their yearlong project.
The second part of the first term will allow students to establish a rough foundation for their
thesis from incremental conclusions developed during the previous weeks of reading and research. In previous years, the curriculum of Diploma Unit 8 had centred on the development of speculative architectures that were motivated by what we called the Corporate Domain. As a remnant of corporate
architectures of the second half of the 20th century, such precedence was examined under the acceptance that today, the image of many cities are structured by monuments of corporate symbolism
and infrastructures. Such a brief was intended to emphasise the usurpation of the dominant form of the city from post-‐war housing to economic hubs and districts. This year, the unit brief will continue with the
idea of a dominant form of the city, however obligating each student to develop their own position on the nature of where such a dominant form could, or should exist.
The term will conclude with a jury in which students will propose their architectural ambitions alongside their working version of their architectural elements and operations. As a project site assessment is required by the beginning of the second term, students will be encouraged to make any trips during the Winter Break if they have yet to visit their sites.
The schedule provided to outline the structure for Terms 1, 2, and 3 should be taken as a general
reference only, as dates for events and the nature of the curriculum may be modified to best suit the incoming body of students and the aspects of their developing projects throughout the year.
SCHEDULING *Teaching sessions will usually take place during Tuesday or Fridays. This will depend largely on the progression of student projects, scheduling of seminar leaders, and the availability of facilities. Autumn, Week 1 Monday 30th Sep -‐Diploma Unit 8 brief Presentation Tuesday 1st Oct -‐Interviews Friday 4th Oct -‐Distribution of brief (first reading assignment, precedent research) -‐Internal review of past student projects -‐Presentation and discussion of yearlong brief -‐Discussion of work carried out in previous years of Diploma 8 Autumn, Week 2 Tuesday 8th Oct -‐Seminar A: Rewinding Formalism from Structuralism -‐Seminar B: Disjunction, Dislocation, and Defamiliarisation Friday 11th Oct -‐Seminar Review -‐Individual Tutorials Autumn, Week 3 Tuesday 15th Oct -‐Seminar A: Russian Formalism and the Project of Poetry -‐Seminar B: Architecture and Building in the 20th Century -‐Group Tutorials Friday 18th Oct -‐Seminar Review -‐Individual Tutorials Autumn, Week 4 Tuesday 22nd Oct -‐Seminar A: The Recent History of Architecture as a Language -‐Seminar B: Structuralism and its Counterparts -‐Group Tutorials: Discussion of dominant forms, current topics Friday 25th Oct -‐Seminar Review -‐Individual Tutorials Autumn, Week 5 Tuesday 29th Oct -‐Seminar A: Descriptive vs Prescriptive Formalism -‐Seminar B: Programming Paradigms: Imperative, Functional, Logical, OOP -‐Group Tutorials Friday 1st Nov -‐Unit Pinup: Project Review – Final Selection/Approval Preliminary proposals for permutations Site Selection Review
Autumn, Week 6 Tuesday 5th Nov -‐Seminar A: Techniques and Concepts in Instantiation -‐Seminar B: Typology and Concepts in Computation -‐Group Tutorials Friday 8th Nov -‐Option tutorials if not on student site trips Autumn, Week 7 Tuesday 12th Nov -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 15th Nov -‐Unit Pinup: First discussions of comprehensive project ambitions Autumn, Week 8 Tuesday 19th Nov -‐Group Tutorials Friday 22nd Nov -‐Individual Tutorials Autumn, Week 9 Tuesday 26th Nov -‐Group Tutorials Friday 29th Nov -‐Individual Tutorials for 4th Year Students -‐Internal Review of TS5 proposals for 5th Year students Autumn, Week 10 Tuesday 3rd Dec -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 6th Dec -‐Unit Pinup: General project discussion Autumn, Week 11 Tuesday 10th Dec -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 13th Dec
-‐Individual Tutorials Autumn, Week 12 Wednesday 17th Dec (TBC) -‐Term 1 Jury Friday 20th Dec -‐Optional Tutorials if not on student site visits
TERM 2 The second term will commence with a presentation and site review from each student, detailing progress made during the Winter Break. We will be carrying through the concepts taken from Term 1, using project design development as a medium for discussion. By the beginning of Term 2, students should arrive to the new term with developed work over the break, whereby the project’s design stage should include a concrete organisational proposal, a breadth of research regarding the functional processes of the chosen client, prototypical structural details relevant to the current design at hand, the general structure of their Technical Studies submission, and an intermediary version of their design ‘manual’. Relative to Term 1, the second term’s structure will be based on much more regularly-‐scheduled tutorials, pinups, and discussions, rather than the inclusion of seminars and group site visits. It is intended that a few outside contributors will participate in discussing student interests and their proposals from perspectives yet to be discussed. Term 2 will conclude with a final jury of invited guests. SCHEDULING Winter, Week 1 Tuesday 14th Jan -‐Unit Pinup: Comprehensive project status 5th Year Technical Studies statements and roadmap Friday 17th Jan -‐Individual Tutorials Winter, Week 2 Tuesday 21st Jan -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 24th Jan -‐Individual Tutorials Winter, Week 3 Tuesday 28th Jan -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 31st Jan -‐Unit Pinup : Additional Emphasis on TS5 for 5th Year Students Winter, Week 4 Tuesday 4th Feb -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 7th Feb -‐Individual Tutorials Winter, Week 5 Tuesday 11th Feb -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 14th Feb -‐Unit Pinup : Additional Emphasis on TS5 for 5th Year Students Winter, Week 6 Tuesday 18th Feb (TBC) -‐Term 2 Jury Friday 21st Feb -‐Individual Tutorials Winter, Week 7 Tuesday 25th Feb -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 28th Feb -‐Term 2 Jury (TBC)
Winter, Week 8 Tuesday 4th Mar -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 7th Mar -‐Individual Tutorials Winter, Week 9 Tuesday 11th Mar -‐TS5 Interim Jury -‐Individual Tutorials Friday 14th Mar -‐Individual Tutorials 4th Year Students Winter, Week 10 Monday 17th Mar -‐4th Year Interim Table Reviews Tuesday 18th Mar -‐4th Year Interim Table Reviews Friday 21st Mar -‐Individual Tutorials Winter, Week 11 Tuesday 25th Mar -‐Individual Tutorials Wednesday 26th Mar -‐5th Year Interim Table Reviews Thursday 27th Mar -‐5th Year Interim Table Reviews Friday 28th Mar -‐Individual Tutorials
TERM 3 The majority of time and effort during the final term will focus on finishing production of architectural proposals, detail drawings, representation, and portfolio design. At this stage, students should have a strong grasp of the conceptual foundation of their proposals. At the very beginning of the term, it is critical that students already have strong and clear documentation regarding the physical designs of their building proposal, as well any other corollary documentation finished such as their design ‘manual’. The latter half of the term will be primarily invested in preparing students for their final tables and examinations. SCHEDULING Spring, Week 1 Tuesday 29th Apr -‐Individual tutorials Friday 2nd May -‐TS5 Final Submission Spring, Week 2 Tuesday 6th May -‐Individual tutorials Friday 9th May -‐Individual tutorials Spring, Week 3 Tuesday 13th May -‐Individual tutorials Friday 16th May -‐Unit Presentation Spring, Week 4 Tuesday 20th May -‐Individual tutorials Friday 23rd May -‐Individual tutorials Spring, Week 5 Tuesday 27th May (TBC) -‐Final Jury Friday 30th May -‐Unit Presentation Spring, Week 6 Tuesday 3rd Jun -‐Individual tutorials Friday 6th Jun -‐Individual tutorials Spring, Week 7 Wednesday 10th, Thursday 11th Jun -‐4th Year Final Table Reviews Friday 13th Jun -‐Individual tutorials
Spring, Week 8 Monday 16th Jun/Tuesday 17th Jun -‐Individual tutorials -‐Presentation Check Wednesday 18th Jun
-‐Diploma Committee Day1 Thursday 19th Jun
-‐Diploma Committee Day2 Friday 20th Jun -‐Diploma Honours Presentation
Spring, Week 9 Work shall be carried out by all students on the Projects Review Exhibition space Monday 24th Jun -‐Tutorials as needed
Wednesday 25th Jun -‐External Examinations for RIBA/ARB Part II Friday 27th Jun
-‐Graduation -‐Opening of Projects Review Exhibition