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Future watch on reliable information:bridging the gap between data and knowledge managementStephen Smith Unicon Solutions NV

Contents

The Digital Revolution• A very Brief history

Information Growth

Information Quality

| Discipline, Sector, Allianceand


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Digital Revolution: 1940’s & 50’s

War, Bureaucracy and Scientific advancement Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC)

• Calculating device for computing ballistic firing tables• 30 tons. Consumed 200 KW, 18,000 vacuum tubes

First commercial application (Payroll) Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

• Legacy: Time-sharing, packet switching, TCP/IP, user interface…

1946

ENIAC

1951

New Deal

UNIVAC I

IBM 650

1953 1954 1957

GE Payroll application

Magnetic core memory

Sputnik

ARPA

1958

Integrated circuit

Eckart & Mauchly

First digital picture

Video tape recorder

1956

Mobile phone system





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Digital Revolution: 1960’s

Scientific advancement & Commercialization SABRE

• Largest commercial real-time data processing system

Satellite communication DBMS – Hierarchical databases

• IMS partly developed during Apollo project

1961

Silicon chip

patent

1964

IBM 360 series

IMS

1965 1967

Digital PDP-8

SABRE

Digital tape recorder

UNIX

1969ARPANET

Packet switching

1962

Digital Audio tape

recording

1968

INTELApollo moon

landing

First satellite launch

1960





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Scientific advancement & Commercialization Intel chip makes it’s debut E-Mail WANG delivers word processing products

• For the IBM Selectric typewriter

Affordable personal computer are introduced

1971

Intel 4004Goes to market

1975

Word processing

Switched digital phone services

1973 1976 1977

Ethernet

Personal Computer

1979

Electronic spreadsheet

Apple Computer

First digital camera (0.1M)

1972

5.25 inch floppy

First fiber optic route

First mobile phone

Microsoft

E-Mail

1974





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Commercialization MS-DOS

• Beginning of the successful Microsoft operating system

First internet connections via TCP/IP• Norway: via SATNET

Relational databases• Structured Query Language (SQL) becomes standard

1980

Computer Virus

1984

Macintosh

1981 1985 1987

CD-ROM

- Portable PC- Digital photography

IBM P/S 2

1988

Internet Relay Chat

MS-DOS

1982TCP/IP

First internet

connection- Compact disk- 3.5 inch floppy

Portable compact

disk player





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Digital Revolution: 1990’s and beyond

Commercialization Personal portable phones become a reality for everyone

• Second Generation: sms, media content

The internet becomes a global network• World Wide Web

Huge advances in storage, searching and sharing of information

1993

Mosaic Web Browser

1995

DVD standard

1994 1996 1998

Google

WWW consortium

Human implanted

chip

2008

Head up display on

contact lenses

1990

HTTP

1992

First GSMoperator

USB

Flash memory

First SMS

1991Internet explorer

Netscapenavigator

2005

Youtube



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Contents

Information Growth Information Quality





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Digital Revolution: Information Growth

Current day information growth Studies of digital information growth (IDC*)

• Created, captured, replicated in digital format• Television, Radio, Telephone, Web, Music

Bit (b) 1 or 0Byte (B) 8 bitsKilobyte (KB) 1,000 bytes (half a typewritten page)Megabyte (MB) 1,000 KB (a small novel)Gigabyte (GB) 1,000 MB (A pickup truck filled with books)Terabyte (TB) 1,000, GB (50,000 trees made into paper and printed*)Petabyte (PB) 1,000 TBExabyte (EB) 1,000 PBZettabyte (ZB) 1,000 EB

* A tree can produced about 80,000 sheets of paper

Worldwide Growth

2006 – 161 Exabytes

2010 – 988 Exabytes

(6 fold growth in 4 years and an annual growth rate of 57%)

* The expanding Digital Universe





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Current day information growth from IDC* eMail growth

• 1998 – 2 trillion per year (2% spam)• 2005 - 20 trillion per year (50 % spam)• 2010 – 28 trillion per year (60% spam)

Database growth• Walmart reputed to have the largest database of customer

transactions in the world

2000 – 110 Terabytes 2004 – 500 Terabytes






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Stephen Smith, 12-05-2009

11

Current day information growth study from IDC* Organization Information Growth

• 2006 – estimated to be 25% of all information• 2010 – Estimated to become 30%

Driving factors• Regulation (archiving , privacy, security)• Increase in computerization• Demand for more knowledge from available data• Additional communication methods (voicemail, messaging,…)






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Personal Digital Information Footprint Personal Digital Footprint Calculator by IDC*

• 2005 – approx 1,744 Megabytes per day• 2009 – approx 5,315 Megabytes per day





Contents

Information Quality




From Data to Knowledge and wisdom

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Information: Quality Assurance

Connectedness

UnderstandingData

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

Understandingrelations

Understandingpatterns

Understandingprinciples

Classification of content of the Human brain*1 - Data 2 - Information3 - Knowledge4 - Understanding5 – Wisdom

First 4 relate to the past,The 5th deals with the future

* Russell Ackoff, systems theorist





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Definition of information quality Fit for use

Structured data vs. unstructured data• Structured : clearly defined data model that is easily used by

computers (databases or semantically tagged)• Unstructured : no data model and therefore not easily used by

computers (music, pictures, videos, documents, …)

Criteria Explained

Tagged Metadata: versioning, date, author, etc…

Accuracy Correctness of data (i.e. spelling)

Validity Trustworthy

Consistency Integrity of the data (i.e. authorized updates)

Precision Having the appropriate level of detail





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Organization information Organizational data

• Estimated that only 20% is structured• However, tagging of unstructured data in improving

Computers can add structureDefiningSearchingMatching (image, sound)





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The quality of structured data Common errors found

• Misspellings• Wrong data (addresses, phone numbers,…)• Duplications• Update errors• Missing data• Out of date• ….

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