digital revolution
TRANSCRIPT
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Digital RevolutionChee Sim
Erica Ochoa
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Setting the Scene• Design fragmented into
specialties
• “Computer Graphics” 1960s
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Early Stages• Analog VS. Digital
• Leon Harmon and Kenneth
Knowlton
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1981• Graphic User Interface (GUI)
•WYSIWYG
• Bitstream
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Pixel• Raster Graphic.
• Bitmap.
• Resolution dependant,
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Raster Graphics• Used in photographs.
• Photo editors.
• 72-130ppi Screen Display
• MacPaint and MacDraw in the 80s.
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Pixel Art• Susan Kare
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Vectors• Mathematical equations
• Points > Lines
• Smaller file size
• Infinite resolution
• Large size printing
MacDraw
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Catalina Estrada
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LaserWriter• PostScript
• 1985 by Apple
• Mass Market
• Desktop publishing
PageMaker
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Emigre Magazine• 1984-2005
• Design discussion
• Rudy VanderLans
Zuzana Licko
1984 1986 2005
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PostScript, True Type, Open Type
• PostScript
1985
Two files types
• True Type
Late 1980s
One file
• Open Type
1990s
Cross Platforms
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Susan Kare
Sometimes called the Betsy Ross of the personal computer, Ms. Kare did path-breaking work on the original Macintosh.” - THE NEW YORK TIMES
• Designed original Mac icons
• City based typefaces
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Digital Revolution for Graphic Designers
The tools of the designer were confused with the
skills of the designer...The accessibility of production
tools undercut the design profession since “anyone”
can make a flier or a brochure.
Johanna Drucker
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Work Cited• http://funky70s.wordpress.com/category/apple-computer-2/
• http://prehysteries.blogspot.com/2008/06/leon-d-harmon-
kenneth-knowlton-nude.html
• http://sophia.javeriana.edu.co/~ochavarr/computer_graphics_
history/historia/
• http://www.arts-humanities.net/image/fig_2_vector_raster_
representations
• http://www.imug.com.au/museum-collection/publishing.php
• http://school.anhb.uwa.edu.au/personalpages/kwessen/web/
software/software.html
• http://site.seremeres.com/index.php?page=pixel-art
• http://murder-one.blogspot.com/2008/01/e-boy-godfathers-of-
pixel-is-pixel-art.html
• http://www.re-nest.com/re-nest/decorating/nerd-chic-
bookcase-turned-into-pixel-art-icoeye-153288
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Work Cited• http://more-of-chaiyen.blogspot.com/2008/09/isometric-pixel-
art.html
• http://freerangestock.com/understanding/vector_bitmap/Part1_
Bitmap.html
• http://catalinaestrada.com/
• http://designhistory.org/Digital_Revolution.html
• GraphicDesignHistory:ACriticalGuide, Johanna Drucker and
Emily McVarish