digital radio transmission equipment & planning
TRANSCRIPT
Proprietary and confidential. | 1
Connecting What’s Next
Connecting What’s Next
Digital Radio Transmission Equipment & Planning
iTVF Forum Istanbul
28+29 May 2015
Proprietary and confidential. | 2
Connecting What’s Next
About Gatesair
GatesAir is former Harris Broadcast
US based company with unparalleled reliability for nearly 100 years
provides world-wide complete over-the-air Radio and Television solution supporting all TV & Radio Standards
High efficient, reliable, easy to serve premium quality for long term operation
Actively defining future of broadcasting as member of all large broadcast organization
www.gatesair.com
TV- - - - - - - - - - Transmitter - - - - - - Radio Audio over IP Studio
DTMB FM, AM CDR
IP Network
Proprietary and confidential. | 3
Connecting What’s Next
Gatesair in Digital Radio
Leading supplier in Digital Radio world wide
Most complete transmitter product portfolio supporting all standards
largest installation base of DAB transmitter
Norway Australia supporting trials world wide UK Taiwan Denmark Netherlands Switzerland France Czech Republic Ireland
> 1000 DAB Transmitter supplied last 5 years
DRM30 transmitter for roll-out in India
Proprietary and confidential. | 4
Connecting What’s Next 4
Terrestrial Digital Radio Technologies
all using OFDM type of modulation
Differences in spectrum usage, service capacity
For optimized coverage Single Frequency Network (SFN)
New digital Radio receiver necessary in any cases
Proprietary and confidential. | 5
Connecting What’s Next 5
Channel Bandwidth 1.536 kHz 96 kHz 400 kHz (200kHz HD+200kHz FM)
Net Data Rate 1.728 kbit/s 186 kBit/s 120 kBit/s
Audio Quality HE-AAC v2 xHE-AAC Modified HE-AAC
Services per Ch 25 4 4
Relevant Parameter
LW MW SW VHF Band 1 VHF Band 2 VHF Band 3 L-Band
Usable spectrum
Proprietary and confidential. | 6
Connecting What’s Next
200 kHz
FM
96 kHz
DRM+
98,5 kHz
398 kHz
HD Radio
100 kHz
VHF Band 2
Channel occupation to consider
FM
Channel
Step-size
174 MHz 240 MHz
Ch 5 Ch 6 Ch 7 Ch 8 Ch 9 Ch 10 Ch 11 Ch 12
9A 9B 9C 9D
1536 kHz
Ch 13
7 MHz
VHF Band 3
DAB+
DRM+
……..
Proprietary and confidential. | 7
Connecting What’s Next
Migration scenario FM to DAB+
DAB+ enables the migration to digital in VHF Band 3, not standardized in Band 2
4 DAB+ Channels (Blocks) to migrate full FM Band of 100 Radio services
Very cost efficient infrastructure per program
VHF Band 2
100 FM
Transmitter
4 DAB+
Transmitter
108 MHz 87,5 MHz
FM Spectrum full (100 Radio programs)
25 Services
174 MHz 240 MHz
1,5 MHz
VHF Band 3
DAB+ channel in Band 3
Proprietary and confidential. | 8
Connecting What’s Next 8
Migration scenario FM to DRM+
DRM+ can be used to migrate to digital Radio in VHF Band 1, Band 2 and Band 3.
To carry 100 FM Radio Programs min. 33 DRM+ Transmitter needed
100 FM
Transmitter 33 DRM+
Transmitter
VHF Band 2
b) FM Spectrum full (100 Radio programs)
108 MHz 87,5 MHz 174 MHz 230 MHz
VHF Band 3
a) FM Spectrum not full
108 MHz 87,5 MHz
VHF Band 2
DRM+ placed on free channels
108 MHz 87,5 MHz
96 kHz
VHF Band 2
Proprietary and confidential. | 9
Connecting What’s Next 9
Migration scenario FM to HD Radio
HD Radio offers to migrate to digital Radio in VHF Band II but requires additional 200kHz space (98kHz left and right of the FM channel)
In case of full FM spectrum HD Radio is no option to migrate to digital Radio
b) FM Spectrum full (100 Radio programs)
108 MHz 87,5 MHz
VHF Band 2
108 MHz 87,5 MHz
VHF Band 2
No space for HD Radio digital channel
a) FM Spectrum not full
108 MHz 87,5 MHz
VHF Band 2
108 MHz
VHF Band 2
87,5 MHz
HD Radio digital channel left & right to FM
98 kHz
400 kHz
1 Service in FM+HD
3 new HD services
Proprietary and confidential. | 10
Connecting What’s Next 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3
Transmitter RF power in Digital Radio
FM 10kW
2,5kW
1kW
ERP power
for similar coverage 1 10.000 W
25 100 W
4 250W
Ser-
vice
Power/
Service
significant lower RF power in Digital Radio for equal reception compared to FM
large savings in power consumption with Digital Radio
low RF power in Digital Radio because of:
Robustness of OFDM type of Modulation and
Implemented Forward Error Correction (FEC)
Proprietary and confidential. | 11
Connecting What’s Next
DAB OFDM modulation ETI G.704 / EDI IP Input
interface Real-Time-Automatic-
Correction of non-linear & linear distortions (Amplifier, Filter)
GPS synchronization for SFN
Transmitter DAB+ vs. FM
MAXIV
A
DAB
Transmitter
High power
air cooled
Exciter/ Modulator Power Amplifier
FM Transmitter cannot re-used for DAB+ due to different frequency range & modulation,
existing Band 3 TV transmitter possible to convert to DAB+
Main characteristic of DAB Transmitter compared to FM:
174-240 MHz range Broadband high efficient
linearized amplifier Alternatively Doherty
narrow band high efficient
Band Pass Filter
Secure RF spectrum limits 6 cavity or 8 cavity
Flexiva VAX2500DA 2,5 kW DAB+
Proprietary and confidential. | 12
Connecting What’s Next 1-
Ju
n-
15
Mechanical – Rear Panel
EDI Inputs
1PPS &
10MHz Ref
Inputs
GPS Antenna
Input
Linear & non-linear
Real-time automatic
correction
ETI Inputs
Proprietary and confidential. | 13
Connecting What’s Next
DAB Transmitter, example High Power
Liquid Cooled
Maxiva™ VLX Maxiva™ VAX-3D Maxiva™ VAX
Low Power compact
Air Cooled
Medium & High Power
Air Cooled
MAXIV
A
300W to 600W
10W to 150W
1.25 kW to 6 kW 1.2 kW to 10 kW
typically up to 40% efficiency in high power
Liquid cooled for powers >1 kW or >2 kW
In Europe max. 10 kW ERP coordinated (!)
Proprietary and confidential. | 14
Connecting What’s Next 14
DAB Transmitter supply last 5y
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450 > 1000 DAB GatesAir transmitter installed last 5 years
Majority in medium power
Proprietary and confidential. | 15
Connecting What’s Next
Power budget for transmission system
Typical Example DAB+ Transmission System
Consider the complete transmission system for energy efficient operation !
Additional energy consumption for room cooling system may occur
Investments in low loss Filter & Feeder Cable could pay back shortly
High Antenna gain recommended
Transmitter
60% losses
Filter
15% losses
Feeder cable
15% losses Antenna
4 kW 3,4 kW 2,9 kW
In the example: 71% energy loss to consider over the whole transmission system!
10 kW
100 m
40% eff.
Proprietary and confidential. | 16
Connecting What’s Next
Transmitter DRM+ Radio vs. FM
Digital - ready
FM Transmitter
FM,
DRM+
HD Radio,
HD+FM
Exciter/ Modulator Power Amplifier
Only digital ready FM Transmitter can be re-used for DRM+
Digital ready FM transmitter provides:
Multimode Amplifier on-the-fly switching
between FM and DRM+ or HD Radio
able to get linearized
Band Pass Filter
Band-pass filter may needed to secure RF spectrum limits
Resources to process OFDM modulation
IP Input interface Real-Time-Automatic-
Correction of non-linearity of power Amplifier
GPS synchronization for SFN
10 kW FM 4 kW DRM+ 4 kW HD Radio
Flexiva FAX10k
Proprietary and confidential. | 17
Connecting What’s Next
Linear & non-linear
Real-time automatic
correction
Main AES
Aux AES
Left Right Main Comp
Aux Comp
SCA2 SCA1
10MHz In/Out
1PPS In/Out
19kHz Out
Optional GPS Rx Ant Input
For SFN
IP input for
DRM+ and HD
Radio
FM specific
* RTAC = Real Time Automatic Correction for non-linear and linear distortions
Example of an DRM+ & HD Radio ready FM TX
Proprietary and confidential. | 18
Connecting What’s Next
FM/ DRM+/ HD Transmitter High Power
Liquid Cooled
Maxiva™ VLX Maxiva™ VAX-3D Maxiva™ VAX
Low Power compact
Air Cooled
Medium & High Power
Air Cooled
FM 300W to 3,500W
DRM+ 75W to 850W
FM typically up to 72% power efficiency in medium & high power
DRM+ / HD Radio with typ. 50% power efficiency
Liquid cooled for powers >=5kW FM
FM 10W to 150W
DRM+ 4W to 40W
FM 5.0 kW to 40 kW
DRM+ 4,3 kW to 10 kW FM 5.0 kW to 40 kW
DRM+ 4,3 kW to 10 kW
Proprietary and confidential. | 19
Connecting What’s Next
Distribution Network
Freq 1
Freq 3
Freq 2
Program 1
Distribution Network
Program 1
AM Radio
FM Radio
Transmission system in analog Radio
Program Provider Network Provider
Proprietary and confidential. | 20
Connecting What’s Next
Program Provider Ensemble Provider Network Provider
Transmission system in digital Radio
All TX on same Frequency
Program 1
Program 2
Program 3
SFN Data
Contribution Distribution Content
Server
Contribution
Program 1
Program 2
Program 25
.
.
.
Data Services
Distribution
All TX on same Frequency
SFN
DAB+
Multiplexer
Proprietary and confidential. | 21
Connecting What’s Next
Analoge FM
Many towers
Interferences
Save tower & antenna space
DAB+
Single Antenna
No interference
Proprietary and confidential. | 22
Connecting What’s Next
Choice of Digital Radio standards for many migration scenarios
Transmitter for all Digital Radio Standards available and widly proofed
Significant cost advantage with Digital Radio , needs lower RF while carry many programs per channel
DAB+ and HD Radio actual most installed
DRM hast started
long simulcast periode has to be taken in account which may require investments in analog FM infrastructure as well
Summary
Proprietary and confidential. | 23
Connecting What’s Next 23
Thank you very much !
Jens Stockmann Product Specialist Transmission
GatesAir