digital image processing lecture 1: introduction
DESCRIPTION
Digital Image Processing Lecture 1: Introduction. Lectures: Monday 10:00 – 12:00 Labs: Thursday 02:00 – 03:00 Web Site: www.uom.edu.pk E-mail: [email protected]. Courtesy. Most of the Images has been taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Engr. Sami ur Rahman
Digital Image ProcessingLecture 1: Introduction
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Lectures: Monday 10:00 – 12:00
Labs: Thursday 02:00 – 03:00
Web Site: www.uom.edu.pk
E-mail: [email protected]
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Courtesy
Most of the Images has been taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)
Part of the slides has been taken from Brian Mac Namee
Digital
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“Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, Addison-Wesley, 2002
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“One picture is worth more than ten thousand words” Anonymous
www.al-hijrah.org
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Outline
What is a digital image?
What is digital image processing?
History of digital image processing
State of the art examples of digital image processing
Key stages in digital image processing
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Digital Image
Digital image: Representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels
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Digital Image (cont)
Pixel values typically represent gray levels, colors, heights, opacities etc
howlingforjustice.wordpress.comwww.cs.unm.edu
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Digital Image (cont)
Digitization implies that a digital image is an approximation of a real scene
1 pixel
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Digital Image (cont)
Common image formats include:1 sample per point (B&W or Grayscale)
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Digital Image (cont)
Common image formats include:3 samples per point (Red, Green, and Blue)
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Digital Image (cont)
Common image formats include:4 samples per point (Red, Green, Blue, and “Alpha”, a.k.a.
Opacity)
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Digital Image (cont)
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasksImprovement of pictorial information for human interpretation
Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception
Where image processing ends and fields such as image analysis and computer vision start
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Digital Image Processing
The continuum from image processing to computer visionLow Level ProcessInput: ImageOutput: ImageExamples: Noise removal, image sharpening
Mid Level ProcessInput: Image Output: AttributesExamples: Object recognition, segmentation
High Level ProcessInput: Attributes Output: UnderstandingExamples: Scene understanding, autonomous navigation
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History of Digital Image Processing
Early 1920s: One of the first applications of digital imaging was in the news-paper industry
The Bartlane cable picture transmission service
Images were transferred by submarine cable between London and New York Early digital image
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History
1960s: Improvements in computing technology and the onset of the space race led to a surge of work in digital image processing
1964: Computers used to improve the quality of images of the moon taken by the Ranger 7 probe
Such techniques were usedin other space missions including the Apollo landings
A picture of the moon taken by the Ranger 7 probe minutes before landing
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History
1970s: Digital image processing begins to be used in medical applications1979: Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield & Prof. Allan M. Cormack share the Nobel Prize in medicine for the invention of tomography, the technology behind Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) scans
Typical head slice CAT image
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History
1980s - Today: The use of digital image processing techniques has exploded and they are now used for all kinds of tasks in all kinds of areas Image enhancement/restorationArtistic effectsMedical visualisation Industrial inspectionLaw enforcementHuman computer interfaces
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Examples: Image Enhancement
One of the most common uses of DIP techniques: improve quality, remove noise etc
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Examples: The Hubble Telescope
Launched in 1990 the Hubble telescope can take images of very distant objects
However, an incorrect mirror made many of Hubble’s images useless
Image processing techniques were used to fix this
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Examples: MedicineTake slice from MRI scan and find boundaries between types of tissue Image with gray levels representing tissue densityUse a suitable filter to highlight edges
Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image
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Examples: Geographic Information System (GIS)Geographic Information SystemsDigital image processing techniques are used extensively to manipulate satellite imagery
Terrain classificationMeteorology ( study of the atmosphere)
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Geographic Information System (GIS)Night-Time Lights of the World data setGlobal inventory of human settlement
Not hard to imagine the kind of analysis that might be done using this data
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Examples: Industrial Inspection
Human operators are expensive, slow and unreliable
Make machines do the job instead
Industrial vision systems are used in all kinds of industries
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Examples: Law EnforcementImage processing techniques are used extensively by law enforcers
Number plate recognition for speed cameras/automated toll systems
Fingerprint recognition
Enhancement of CCTV images
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Examples: Human Computer InteractionTry to make human computer interfaces more natural
Face recognition
Gesture recognition
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Summary
We have looked at:What is a digital image?What is digital image processing?History of digital image processingState of the art examples of digital image processing