digital divide
DESCRIPTION
Courtesy of Dr. Ferdinand B. PitaganAssistant ProfessorUniversity of the Philippines DilimanTRANSCRIPT
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Digital Divide
Pertinent Questions * Facts (global, national, educational levels)
* Why important?•As educators, what can we do?
Ferdinand B. Pitagan, PhDEdTech 101
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Sharing your experience
• What kind of technology do you use? (mobile phone, iPod, Wiki, Blogs, social networking, Skype, YM, etc)
• For what?• How often?• What are the individual differences?
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The Gap
AccessSkills
KnowledgeAttitude
ICTDigital haves - Info rich
Digital not haves - Info poor
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NationsGenerations
GendersEthnic groups
EducationEconomic
levelsSocial statusLanguages
A series of Gaps
Digital haves - Info rich
Digital not haves - Info poor
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Digital Technologies
Changes in Society
Education(Policies, Practices)
Digital Divide
Digital Opportunitie
s
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Digital Divide
a deepening of existing forms of
exclusion
Unemployed, poor, housebound, disabled,
less educated, minoritiesWomen/girls
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Internet World Statistics (2009) http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
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Digital Divide at A GlanceDigital Divide at A Glance (ITU figures) (ITU figures)
less than 3 out of every 100 Africans 1 out of every 2 inhabitants of the G8
countries top 20 countries (Internet bandwidth) ---80%
of all Internet users 30 countries with an Internet penetration of
less than 1% 429 million Internet users in G8 444 million Internet users in non-G8 Mobile = 34% of the world’s total mobile
users from G8 countries – 14% world population
G8- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK and the US
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Digital Divide
Economic factors
Other factors
Social factors (gender, race, etc)
Cultural factors
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Internet Users by Income Level Internet Users by Income Level of country of country
Asahi Statistics p.189Asahi Statistics p.189
High-income : 65.5%Upper middle income : 7.8%Lower middle income : 21.5%Low-income : 5.6%
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UCLA World Internet Project (2004)UCLA World Internet Project (2004)Internet Users by GenderInternet Users by Gender
• Britain men 63.6; women 55.0• Germany men 50.4; women 41.7• Hungary men 20.3; women 15.1• Italy men 41.7; women 21.5• Japan men 54.7; women 46.2• Korea men 67.8; women 53.8• Macao men 37.8; women 28.8• Singapore men 47.2; women 34.0• Spain men 46.4; women 27.2• Sweden men 67.7; women 64.4• Taiwan men 25.1; women 23.5• United States men 73.1; women 69.0
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Internet Users by Age Group
“…86 percent of women ages 18 to 29 were online, compared with 80 percent of men in the same age group.
“…among the older group, those age 65 and older, 34 percent of men are online, compared with 21 percent of women.”
USA, Washingtonpost Thursday, December 29, 2005
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Not easy to stop/lessen gaps
Need for awareness
Need for strong policies
Need for international collaboration
Need for education
If we don’t do anything about it….
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World Summit on the Information Society
http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/Building-digital-bridges_2005.pdf
1. International Collaboration“UNDP etc – e Vietnamese Village”“Japan – Asian Broadband Project”
2. NGOs/Public sectors“Brazil – Tele-centers”
3. National Policies“Egypt – E-readiness Plan”“Korean Agency for Digital Opportunity”
4. Business Involvement “Sudan – SUDATEL”
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8 Key Areas for Policy
1. Access for all to HW & SW2. Changed roles of teachers/learners3. Promoting lifelong learning4. Quality assurance5. Enhanced citizenship6. Brokering services and agencies7. Support, encourage & direct research8. Change in role of policy-maker in
education
World Summit on the Information Society
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Digital Opportunities
ICT, helping to overcome some forms of exclusion
Distance learning to remote areasVillage tele-centers with ICT
ICT in Basic EducationLifelong Learning through ICT
Others
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Digital Divide in Education
-Digital divide in investment (input)-Digital divide in ICT use (process)-Digital divide in people (output)
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Digital DivideDigital Divide in Education in Education
1. Input Factors
• Hardware, • Software• Materials and Resources• Connectivity• Integration of ICT in curriculum• Supports• Policies• Others
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Digital Divide in EducationDigital Divide in Education
2. Process Factors
Different approaches to ICT use- Used for advanced applications
and thinking?- Used for basic skill training?- Used for computer games?- Others
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Digital Divide in EducationDigital Divide in Education
3. Human (Outcome) Factors
Digital literacy? - ICT skills / knowledge - confidence - competencies
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ICT Skills (University, Perception)ICT Skills (University, Perception)Source: NIME (2003)Source: NIME (2003)
“I do not have adequate ICT skills and knowledge”
- More faculty than students- More older people than younger ones- More people in humanities and social sciences than those in natural sciences and engineering
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Digital divide in informal learning(more learning happens
outside schools)
Home differencesDifferences at work
Differences in communities